翅化比 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chìhuàbǐ]
翅化比
英文
finned ratio-
The corrugated tank made of high quality cold - rolled - steel sheet manufactured with special production line. it can swell up or shrink compensating the oil from atmosphere. protect and delay the oil and the insulation against degradation, therefore enhance the operation reliability and free of maintenance under normal conditions
全密封變壓器與普通油浸式變壓器相比，取消了儲油櫃，由波紋油箱的波翅代替油管作為冷卻散熱元件，波紋油箱由優質冷軋薄鋼板在專用生產線上製造，波翅可以隨變壓器油體積的脹縮而脹縮，從而使變壓器內部與大氣隔絕，防止和減緩油層的劣化和絕緣受潮，增強運行可靠性，正常運行免維護。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映The authors further note that the new wings did not re - evolve from scratch ; genetic blueprints seem to have lain in wait for at least 50 million years, until flight was favored over fecundity ( wingless insects tend to lay more eggs )
他們進一步指出，新的翅膀並非重頭開始再演化的結果，相關的遺傳藍圖似乎已蟄伏了5000萬年以上，直到飛行在繁殖上取得優勢后才重出江湖（無翅昆蟲通常比較多產） 。These methods are following : ( 1 ) in order to build fem model conveniently and enhance calculating speed, interceped a finite length and built a 2d - symmetry model. ( 2 ) in order to apply loads conveniently, kept the entrance of cold fluid. ( 3 ) in order to obtain numerical results in steady situation, lengthened export and import ends
這些方法主要有： （ 1 ）為了便於建立模型並提高計算速度，對于實際工程中採用的長徑比特別大的換熱管採取截取有限長度的方法並建立二維對稱簡化模型； （ 2 ）提出採取保留冷流體入口端，截取有限長度的方法施加載荷； （ 3 ）適當延長翅片管的出口端和入口端，以便獲得穩定工況的數值解。In this paper, a broad literature has been reviewed germplasm resources and ecology character, plant biology and biochemistry and exploitation prospects of resource
本文比較系統地綜述了翅果油樹的種質資源、生態學特性、植物生物學和生物化學以及資源開發和應用前景。The different organs of elaeagnus mollis diels were used in this experiment as the explants. after establishing the aseptic propagation system, the aseptic tube stems and leaves were used to study the effect of different exogenous hormones combination and different culture conditions on organgenesis. the optimum medium and culture condition was screened for fast propagation of elaeagnus mollis diels
本實驗選材為胡頹子科胡頹子屬的翅果油樹，在建立起無菌繁殖系的基礎上，分別以試管無菌莖段和葉片為材料，研究了不同外源激素配比及不同培養條件對其器官分化的影響，從中篩選出適合翅果油樹快速繁殖的最適培養基和培養條件。分享友人