育種性狀 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhǒngxìngzhuàng]
育種性狀 英文
breeding character
  • : 育動詞1. (生育) give birth to 2. (養活; 培育) rear; raise; bring up 3. (教育) educate
  • : 種名詞(姓氏) a surname
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (性格) nature; character; disposition 2 (性能; 性質) property; quality 3 (性別) sex ...
  • : Ⅰ名詞1 (形狀) form; shape 2 (情況) state; condition; situation; circumstances 3 (陳述事件或...
  • 育種 : breeding
  1. Most characters of economic value to plant and animal breeders are metric characters.

    對植物和動物家具有經濟價值的大多數是一些度量
  2. Three types of cuticular thickening at the polar region of the guard cells are observed : slight cuticular thickening ; rod - shaped culicular thickening and rarely t - shaped thickening. with data obtained from the former research and personal observation, the cladistic methods were employed for the phylogenetic analysis of data and trees were rooted by out - group comparison using, the related genus kadsura. as result, a new system of the genus schisamdra michaux was reconstructed, and schisandra michaux was subdivided into 2 subgenus, 3 section, 2 series 10 species in this dissertation

    整理有關五味子屬植物研究的資料,補充搜集近期發表的資料和本人研究所得數據,以為基本單元,選擇近緣的南五味子屬( kadsura )作為外類群,採用paup4 . 0b4a軟體對本研究得出的數據作分支分析,重建五味子屬的系統發,修訂和補充五味子屬分類系統,在五味子屬下設2亞屬、 3組、 2系、 10
  3. This paper summarized the inheritance and variation of main biological and economic characters in rape progeny from hybridization and distant crossing, inquired into the selective mating of hybrid parent and the selection of hybrid progeny, analyzed the problems which had existed in rape distant crossing breeding, and put forward some ideas for accelerating the stability of characters in distant crossing progeny

    概述了油菜品間雜交後代及遠緣雜交後代主要生物學和經濟的遺傳變異現象;對雜交親本的選配及雜後代的選擇進行了探討,分析了油菜遠緣雜交中存在的問題,就加速遠緣雜後代的穩定提出了一些見解。
  4. Abstract : the main characters and seed set of bc1 , bc2 , bc1f2 from ms line back - crossing with the pollen of hybrid rice were studied. the appearance of a large number of self fertile plants in ms line was analyzed. the effect of introgression of restoring genes on ms line purity and hybrid yield in indica and japonica rice was discussed. it was pointed out that “ iso - cytoplasm restorer line ” was seriously reducing the purity of ms line and that hybrid rice was unsuitable for isolation zone in the seed production fields

    文摘:研究了雜交稻花粉對母本不系回交後代群體bc1 、 bc2 、 bc1f2的主要農藝表現,分析了不系中出現大量自交結實株的原因,討論了恢復基因滲入對秈、粳不系純度和雜交稻產量的影響,指出「同質恢」對降低不系純度的嚴重和雜交稻作制田隔離區的不合理
  5. Seventeen important morphological characters were analysed to identify and evaluate genetic diversity of morphology of the lespedeza populations. fourteen vital morphological characters were studied using basic statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. zymograms were analysed using eighteen alleles of seven allozymes

    對14個關健形態學指標的平均值、方差、標準差、變異系數等基本統計分析表明,胡枝子屬植物不同間以及內居群間在這14個重要形態學上的遺傳差異較大,變異系數達28 . 89 122 . 36 (全生天數除外,變異系數為4 . 72 ) 。
  6. This paper describes a strategy that has developed to transfer the cdna of tobacco mnsod gene into the commercially important breeding line - baoding alfalfa via agrobacterium infection. transgenic alfalfa plants have been generated that overproduce a nicotiana plumbaginifolia l. manganese superoxide dismutase ( mnsod ). the results domenstrated that baoding alfalfa is an important breeding line which easily amenable to genetic transformation

    本研究採用我國農藝優良的豐產苜蓿品保定苜蓿,通過農桿菌介導的轉基因方法,使用特定的質粒載體pchlsod將煙草mnsod基因的cdna序列導入保定苜蓿中,說明保定苜蓿是一易於遺傳轉化的優良苜蓿品系。
  7. This paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm

    針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果,並結合本身研究工作內容, ( 1 )總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣,包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交與親和; ( 2 )評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良,包括優良菌株的選、宿主品資源共生特的評價與利用及特異的選擇; ( 3 )討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。
  8. Abstract : this paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm

    文摘:針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果,並結合本身研究工作內容, ( 1 )總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣,包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交與親和; ( 2 )評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良,包括優良菌株的選、宿主品資源共生特的評價與利用及特異的選擇; ( 3 )討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。
  9. In order to offer reference to integrated application of species for tamarix l. in china, this paper discussed the taxonomy, biology and physiology characteristics of tamarisk, reviewed the research advances on investigation, identification and evaluation, collection and storage of germplasm resources of tamarisk l., and summarized genetic breeding, seeding seedlings, cutting seedlings and tissue culture of tamarisk l. so as to put forward the direction of innovative research and application based on indicated problems in research of germplasm resources of tamarisk l

    摘要為了為檉柳屬植物的綜合開發應用提供參考依據,文章論述了檉柳屬植物的生物學和生態學特,綜述了我國檉柳屬植物類的資源調查、鑒定評價、收集保存及引情況,總結了國內檉柳播苗、扦插苗和組織培養苗的研究現,指出了檉柳屬植物質資源研究方面存在的問題,提出了檉柳屬質資源創新研究和開發利用的建議。
  10. Homogenous lines can be obtained in a very short time by haploidy breeding method such as microspore culture and anther culture

    摘要通過單倍體途徑可快速獲得純合材料,增加有益的選擇幾率,加快進程。
  11. There are concerns that harvesting wild shrimp for aquaculture may deplete local shrimp populations or cause by - catch problems, hi addition, the use of wild shrimp poses a serious risk to the shrimp aquaculture industry because they may be carriers of virulent viruses. the life cycle of chinese shrimp has been closed, paving the way for the establishment of genetic improvement programs. the use of dna markers can contribute significantly to the development and implementation of genetic improvement programs

    本文嘗試利用aflp及其相關技術sampl在中國對蝦中篩選相關分子標記,並通過比較抗病中國對蝦(第四代抗病蝦)及對照(前幾代抗病中國對蝦、野生中國對蝦)譜帶差異,試圖找到與中國對蝦生長速度、抗病等相關的分子標記或主效基因,為中國對蝦的遺傳圖譜構建、 qtl作圖、分子標記輔助選擇及其他方法奠定遺傳學基礎,同時對中國對蝦別相關標記和sampl法發展微衛星標記作了一些探討。
  12. It is found that the quality of the same rice variety, which is related with commercial character such as the content of amylose, white belly and eating quality et al is quite different through analyzing 7 rice varieties including 4 indica and 3 japonica rice varieties produced in jiaxing and hainan rice breeding bacees

    摘要經過對嘉興香米、蘇95 - 22等7個非糯水稻品(系)海南和嘉興不同條件下成熟稻米品質分析,發現與稻米商品品質密切相關的同一品的直鏈澱粉含量、外觀品質、食味等嘉興和海南截然不同。
  13. Genetic improvement of main traits was analyzed using 110 china - bred cottons with fusarium and verticillium wilts resistance released since 1950 ' s

    摘要對20世紀50年代以來中國自的110個棉花抗枯、黃萎病品的抗病、產量、早熟的遺傳改良進行了分析。
  14. For increasing yield per plant, relation of effective ear numbers and ear length should be coordinated ; the direct and indirect effect or relative importance of various characters to grain yield should be made clear for providing scientific evidences to choose and compose parents of two - row hulled malting barley

    為了提高單株產量應注意協調好有效穗數與穗長這一對主要矛盾;明確各對籽粒產量所起的直接和間接作用及其相對重要,確定主攻方向,配製各優勢組合,為大麥親本選配提供科學依據,從而達到二棱型啤酒大麥預期的目標。
  15. During wheat and barley bred in winter in sanya, some technological characteristics concerned must be wielded according to the ecological conditions there. 1 ) carefully select materials and avoid planting the materials that can not head in sanya. 2 ) cultivated measure : spread lime before ploughing ; and make furrows during soil preparation. spread funandan in sowing furrows. after every irrigation and heavy rains, surplus water must be drained off immediately and soil must be intertilled in time. it is also a key measure in breeding in winter to prevent and eliminate the plant disease, pest and mice during plant growing period. 3 ) the flowering period of parent for hybridization must be adjusted. 4 ) the criterion for each trait selection to breeding materials should be soften to different degrees

    在三亞冬繁麥類時,應根據當地生態條件掌握好有關技術特點:慎重挑選冬繁材料,盡量避免攜帶可能在三亞不抽穗的材料;栽培措施應注意耕翻前撒施石灰,整地需開廂起壠,播溝先撒呋喃丹,灌水及大雨後要排除余水,及時鬆土,生期間注意防治病蟲鼠害;雜交親本應注意調節花期;對材料各的選擇標準都要不同程度地放寬。
  16. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質的品(系)配製完全雙列雜交組合20個,通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小,不存在母體效應,並以加遺傳效應為主,分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高,分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大,分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ,達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ,不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值( - 2 . 1 % ) .遺傳分析與雜優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量上,親本相當配製的組合雜合顯較高,其超親優勢正向顯著,而極值親本(差異較大)所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某機制以創造變異使取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關,遺傳改良的難度較大
  17. This study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of 10 seed vigor traits in 12 wheat genotypes through variance, co - variance and path coefficient analysis, to determine broad - sense heritability, and to estimate genetic advance under selection. the genotypes showed significant difference for all traits, except for percentage of normal seedling. genetic correlation between conversion efficiency of seed reserve, electrical conductivity with other traits were not significant, showed that selection for any of them might be possible without hampering any other traits. however path coefficient analysis indicated that conversion efficiency of seed reserve, seed reserve utilization ratio have strong direct effect in affecting seedling weight, and that mean germination time has significantly negatively correlated in affecting gi. moderate to high estimates of broad - sense heritability, genetic coefficient of variation and expected genetic advance were obtained for electrical conductivity, germination index, mean germination time, seed dry weigh, seedling dry weigh, seed reserve depletion ratio indicating the possibility for improving these traits

    本研究利用12個普通小麥品對10個子活力的遺傳變異和相關研究,表明除正常幼苗百分率外,其餘子活力在品間均存在顯著的差異.子貯藏物質轉換效率、電導率兩個間及與其它均無顯著的遺傳相關,因此對他們的選擇不會影響到其它.通徑分析表明幼苗干重主要取決于子貯藏物質轉換效率、子貯藏物質利用速率;發芽指數主要由平均發芽時間決定.電導率、發芽勢、幼苗干重、子干重、發芽指數、子貯藏物質消耗比率6個表現中到高的遺傳力、遺傳變異系數和相對遺傳進展,指明通過遺傳手段改良這些是可能的
  18. The results indicated that opposite maize had widespread heterosis like alternative maize ; yield advantage of opposite f1 ( alternative alternative ) was better than that of f1 ( opposite opposite ) and f1 ( alternative opposite or reverse ) ; general combining ability of yield characters was decreased by opposite characters transfer maize, but alternative maize with opposite genes has high general combining ability, so that on the opposite maize breeding, alternative inbred lines with different opposite genes can be parents for breeding hybrid lines ( alternative alternative ) and hybrid varieties with more seeds and high yield can be obtained

    結果表明:對生玉米同互生玉米一樣具有普遍的雜優勢,在產量上f1對生株優勢互互組合大於對對組合和對互(互對)組合;對生的轉對產量的一般配合力有降低效應,而含有對生基因的互生玉米具有較高的一般配合力效應,因此,在對生玉米中可以利用含有不同對生基因的互生自交系作親本來組配雜交組合(互互) ,從而獲得較高的制產量和高產的對生雜交
  19. In order to select male nucleo - sterile new genotype, a tentative idea was put forward for the nucleo - male sterility to attach a tps ( thermo - photoperiod sensitivity ) and a selection strategy of combination of selection and identification, at the same time, the spring and summer sowing method were used to provide different environment conditions of appraising sterility and tps. the results indicated that ( 1 ) sterility could be appraised under the spring sowing environment and tps could be appraised under summer sowing environment. ( 2 ) under spring sowing environment, sterility could be selected, but not maintained. thereby, lines selected could only be selected as recorded selection method in the experiment. ( 3 ) and then, selection was carried out from spring sowing line selected into summer sowing in same line with tps to select plants. these plants through the intercrossing selection had been combined with sterility and tps. in this way, a new selection protocol for selection sterile line with tps was formed. it mainly involves the spring and summer sowing method, recorded selection method and the intercrossing selection method

    為了選新類型玉米雄核不系,提出了為玉米核不添加溫光敏感的設想和選擇與鑒定相結合的策略,同時應用分期播的方法為作物提供不同的生長和發的環境條件,以鑒定玉米雄穗的變化和對不同環境條件溫光的反應.研究結果表明,春播環境下可鑒定和選擇玉米的不,夏播環境下可鑒定和選擇其溫光敏感.針對玉米核不難以找到保持系的特,結合兩播期選擇兩.但春播環境下選擇的不群體難以通過選擇單株來保持其不,為記錄群體選擇.通過從春播入選的雜合不優良株系群體轉移到其對應的夏播溫光敏感入選的同一優良群體中進行優良單株選擇,能逐漸使不和溫光敏感相結合而選出純合溫光敏不系.這新的選擇程序主要包括應用分期播法、記錄選擇法和春夏兩季交叉式選擇法,使含有不基因的可株系逐步累積不基因並增加了溫光敏感成玉米溫光敏不
  20. In contrast to herbaceous plant, the long juvenile period is the main obstacle to traditional breeding of trees

    木本植物相對于大田作物和其他草本植物有一個較長的營養生長期,這是運用傳統雜交方法改良木本植物的主要障礙。
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