背對背合約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bēiduìbēigěyāo]
背對背合約 英文
back-to-back contract
  • 背 : 背動詞1. （用脊背馱） carry on the back 2. （擔負） bear; shoulder
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 背對背 : back to back背對背二極體 back-to-back diode
  • 合約 : treaty; contract
  1. On the exposition of this selected title, my basic thought is : in the first part, from the theme of " saving the nation from extinction " and " developing the society ", i introduced the comprehensive social background such as the political environment, the economic condition, culture requirement and diplomatic pressure from triple entente, from which the modern china ' s intellectual property right produced

    在對該選題的闡述上，本文的基本思路是：第一部分，從近代中國社會「救亡」和「發展」的主題出發，通過對知識產權產生的政治環境、經濟條件、文化要求和協約國的外交壓力等的分析，全面介紹知識產權產生的綜合社會背景。
  2. The chapter two looks back the related all kinds of theories and law regulations from the beginning of appearance of forged endorsement with the result of two bill law systems coming into being, and it discusses general principle and exceptive regulations in handling forged endorsement, at the same time it also attaches importance on the conciliation of rules such as international note and bill pact of the united nation

    第二章回望了自偽造背書現象出現至今，有關的各種理論學說及法律規制；世界各國在處理該問題上由統一到分歧，直至兩大票據法體制的最終形成歷程；以及兩大體制在處理偽造背書上各自的一般原則和例外規定；最後介紹《聯合國國際匯票、國際本票公約》對兩者的調和等。
  3. In the second part, we analyzed the speciality of the vogue journal, compared to other media, and point out the industry chain that confined them. in the third part, we analyzed the typical cases, according to supply chain, source chain, brand chain, service chain, and point out the regularity of the vogue journal. in the last part, we offered some advice to develop the chinese vogue journal, pointed out that we should associate globalization and gentilitial, capitalize on the regularity of industry chain in order to develop chinese vogue journal at the background of economy globalization

    論文分為四個部分展開:第一部分，是對時尚期刊范疇的界定，從理論和市場的雙重視角對時尚期刊進行分析，以期達到邏輯和歷史的統一性;第二部分，是對時尚期刊特點的分析，通過它與其他媒體的深入比較，從現代產業的角度，指出其內部深刻制約它的產業鏈;第三部分，是對時尚期刊產業鏈的研究，通過典型案例的分析，從供應鏈、資源鏈、品牌鏈、服務鏈等多重角度，提煉出時尚期刊產業鏈的規律;第四部分，是對中國時尚期刊產業的前瞻性戰略思考和對策性建議，指出在經濟全球化的大背景下，中國時尚期刊產業的發展，必定要在全球化和民族化的結合中，充分利用產業鏈的規律，壯大自身的實力。
  4. The electronic temperature, intensities of all lines and continuous spectra gradually increased with the increment of laser energy, and they got to maximum at different laser energy. our results of copper and aluminum show that there are possibly different thresholds of laser energy to electronic temperature and intensities of emission spectra of laser ablated plasma. at the different environmental gas pressure, spatial emission intensity distribution is explained by the competition among " heat reservoir effect ", " confined effect " and " s hadow effect "

    認為cu等離子體羽的發光機制是由電子與粒子的碰撞傳能、電子與離子的復合形成的；隨激光能量的增加， cu等離子體特徵輻射（分立譜） 、連續背景輻射（連續譜） 、電子溫度都出現最大值；結合對al的實驗結果說明：激光燒蝕金屬產生的等離子體，其特徵輻射、連續輻射、電子溫度可能都存在一定的能量閾值；背景氣壓對激光燒蝕等離子體譜線的影響，其機理可以認為是「熱庫效應」 、 「約束效應」及「陰影效應」相互競爭的綜合結果。
  5. Since these theoretical analyses are based on inviscid potential flow theory, theoretical calculation and computational simulation may complement each other. the hydrodynamics and undulating propulsion of specimens were studied using three dimensional computational fluid dynamics ( cfd ) modeling. the cfd analysis using kinematic model of undulatory dorsal / median fin draws a series of conclusions, which include that the body drag increases significantly with the lateral body oscillation ; the body drag is minimum while the start point of

    計算結果表明游動過程中的形體阻力隨側向周期性擺動而增大;當背鰭前端位於身體側向最寬處時，形體阻力具有局部最小值，結論與實驗觀測結果相吻合;在實驗觀測的典型運動參數下，波動面的運動方程中的非對稱因素的出現使推進力增大約1 . 10倍。
  6. In such a phase when the contractual relation is already established, one party is more liable to trust the opposite party, invests actively and prepares for the taking effect and fulfilling of the contract. if one party abandons the trust of the other, makes out conducts which violate the principle of good faith, such as tearing up the contract unilaterally disposing the object of the contract presumptuously, and so on, the other party " s advantage will be damaged very easily

    在合同未生效階段，由於當事人之間的合同關系已經確立了下來，他們比起在締約階段更有理由對相對方產生信賴，從而積極地做出投資，為合同的生效、履行作準備，倘若此時一方背棄另一方的信賴，做出單方面撕毀協議、擅自處分合同標的物等違背誠實信用原則的行為，極容易給對方造成損害。
  7. Only in this way can taxation regulated effectively. based on analysis of theory and operation systems of customs duty, established socialist market economy, present situation of tax regulation, and being a member of wto, this article have proposed a way and measure of customs duty when china entry into the wto to promote development of society and economy in china

    本文在分析海關稅收調控的理論依據、運行機制的基礎上，重點探討了在我國建設社會主義市場經濟和我國即將加入世界貿易組織（ wto ）的背景下，作為國家宏觀調控重要組成部分的海關稅收調控的現狀，結合實際分析其中存在的問題與制約因素，提出了促進我國社會經濟發展和順應我國加入wto ，完善海關稅收調控的對策和措施。
  8. Since 1980s, the risk investment was the focus of the attention of the economic academic community in developed countries especially in u. s. a. not only the basic theory of the indenture economics, information economics and the agency by agreement shows the operational mechanism of the risk investment, but also the means of the experience and empirical analysis are used to study the risk investment ’ s positive affection to the development of the high - tech industry and economy

    本文在系統梳理風險投資基本理論與國內外研究進展的基礎上，對美國風險投資的發展歷程及影響因素、風險投資資金來源與風險投資機構的組織形態、風險投資機構的決策過程、風險投資機構與創業企業的契約關系、風險投資的退出途徑等問題展開了具體分析。並且以風險投資對象企業? ?高科技創業企業的治理結構為實例，剖析了以知識經濟為背景的企業權力轉移論，對有關假說進行了經濟學理論與經濟現實相結合的批判。
  9. Under the guide of the theoretical framework of financial intermediary theory and financial innovation theory, combining the analysis on the international development experience of obs and the existing supervision system mode, the thesis probes into the problems, background, influences and causes from the angle of researches and practices. some development strategies and policy suggestions are put forward to make a normative development of obs for commercial banks

    本文運用金融中介、金融創新等理論，結合表外業務國際發展的經驗以及對表外業務監管形成的制度框架的分析，對我國商業銀行表外業務發展中存在的問題、現實背景、影響和制約因素進行了理論和實踐上的探討與分析，對重要的表外業務做出戰略開拓構想，最後為商業銀行規范發展表外業務提出了可操作性策略。
  10. Chapter ii, i. e. the summarization of the system of administrative contract, which constitutes two parts, one hand first clarified the misunderstand of the conception of administrative contract, thought that administrative contract is more accurate than administrative pact ; second probed into some basic attributes of administrative contract, thought that the attribute of contract which is the essential attribute of administrative contract is more important than the attribute of administration which is but a attribute of function ; last analyzed the classification of administrative contract and its standard briefly, thought that we should adopt the standard of duty which majors in virtual standard and minors in formal standard

    引言部分簡要介紹了行政契約制度的學術背景和意義，概括了論文的主要研究內容以及創新之處。行政契約制度概述部分首先對行政契約制度的概念進行了辨析，認為行政契約一詞比行政合同更準確;接著探討了行政契約的基本屬性，提出了「契約為體、行政為用」的想法;然後簡要分析了行政契約的識別標準，在眾多標準中，認為識別行政契約應適用以實質標準為主、兼采形式標準的職務標準。
  11. The data is gathered easily because the author works in bancassurance field. in the forepart of the thesis, the author expound detailedly the backdrop coming into being and the development course of bancassurance of china, analyze the restriction element of bancassurance of china, adopt greats quantity datum, trying hard for completely describing and analyzing the pattern fitting for the bancassurance development of china

    在論文的前部，本文詳細論述了我國銀行保險的產生背景和發展歷程，即而對我國銀行保險發展現狀和制約因素做出介紹和研究，採用了大量的資料，力求完整地描述和分析銀行保險業的發展現狀，這些都是為了研究分析適合我國銀行保險的發展模式奠定基礎。
  12. In allusion to the present situation of spatial structure of dunhuang circle and the fact of tourism development, the study is on spatial structure optimization and puts forward optimizing mode on the developing tenet of sustainability the thesis includes six chapters, among which the third chapter, fourth chapter and fifth chapter are the major body. in the foreword, it expounds the background, foundation, purpose, meaning and adoptive technical courses of the selecting thesis ' s topic. in the first chapter, it summarizes main theories of tourism spatial structure and the present researches of tourism circle from study of theory and demonstration

    引言部分主要闡述了論文選題的背景、依據、目的和意義以及擬採用的技術路線；第一章總結了旅遊空間結構當前的主要理論，綜合論述了當前旅遊空間結構的研究進展，對旅遊圈的研究現狀從理論研究和實證研究兩個方面進行了概述；第二章介紹了敦煌旅遊圈的總體概況，分析了構建敦煌旅遊圈的動力因素和制約因素；第三章採取層次分析法和模糊聚類法對敦煌旅遊圈內旅遊資源進行了分析評價；第四章採用客源平均中心點、客源吸引半徑、地理集中度指數等方法對敦煌旅遊圈客源市場進行了分析評價；第五章在前幾章分析評價的基礎上，分析了敦煌旅遊圈的空間結構，提出了敦煌旅遊圈的空間優化模式，並提出了敦煌旅遊圈的發展原則及具體措施。
  13. In various kinds of contract remedies for commercial affairs, damages is as a kind of most effective remedy, because it can fill in the injured party quickly, and does not need delinquent party to cooperate, it is convenient for court to carry out, so already extensive to acceptance for both parties of contract, however, though the laws of various countries stipulate this system, seeing that historical origins of various countries, difference of the culture background, regulations about the damages are not all the same

    在各種商事違約救濟方式中，損害賠償作為一種最有效的補救措施，因其能以最快速度填補受損害方的利益，且無需違約方配合，便於法院執行，因此已被合同雙方當事人所廣泛的接受，但是，盡管各國法律對此制度都有規定，鑒于各國歷史淵源、文化背景的不同，關于損害賠償相關法律制度的規定也都不盡相同。
  14. In this article, we will compare different banking institutions, study an extensive literature on relationship lending, then explain the theory in the frame of neo - institutional economics systematically and with modeling demonstration. after specifying the costs, benefits and net - profit transfers, we will analyze the banks and firms " characteristics and surrounding factors subject to the participation and incentive constrains, finally draw our conclusion that : lending behaviors between banks and firms are diverse and always affected by the two parts " bargaining power, social environment or their cognition to the relation. we comment that smes and banks develop relationship lending which is prone to satisfy the participation and incentive constrains, and that relationship lending should be a feasible way of smes " financing

    本文將通過對各國銀企關系制度進行比較，就關系貸款命題對文獻進行廣泛調研，在新制度經濟學的分析框架下進行系統規范的理論闡述和模型證明，列舉關系貸款的預期收益、成本內容，對凈剩餘的租金轉移進行分析，在此基礎上研究使關系貸款滿足參與約束與激勵相容約束的銀行和企業特徵、制度環境因素，得出結論：各國市場環境下，銀行與企業之間的關系型融資有不同的表現形式，信貸行為受到銀企雙方談判地位、主觀認識的影響以及社會信用、經濟條件、制度背景等客觀環境的制約；中小企業和中小銀行之間的關系貸款安排易於滿足合約雙方的參與約束和激勵相容約束，不失為中小企業融資的一條可行途徑。
  15. This thesis aims to discuss the clustering techniques with the background of large - scale nuclear physics science data mining. first, we introduce the key techniques and the main task in data mining, then we analyze the data preprocessing techniques and clustering techniques combine data mining techniques with science data. from data preprocessing aspect, we propose some methods of segmenting, denoising, integrating and transforming, and we use “ truncation method ” and “ successive difference method ” in data reduction, at last we extract information from the science data

    論文基於大規模核物理科學數據挖掘的背景，全面介紹了數據挖掘的關鍵技術和主要任務，從理論、演算法和應用三個層次，結合科學數據的特點來分析預處理技術和聚類方法，提出了很多實用的預處理方法:對hdf5科學數據進行分塊、除噪、集成、變換等，同時對它使用「截斷法」和「逐層求差法」進行規約，並對數據進行信息提取。
  16. This dissertation has compared the new housing supply system with the old one, analyzed the background and current circumstance of implementing the policies of economical and suitable housing ( esh ), analyzed the current practice and the great achievement of economical and suitable housing ( esh ). the author has used the successful experience of the housing security system of the united states, japan, england, germany, hong kong, singapore ect, analyzed and summarized the experience of economical and suitable housing ( esh ) construction in china, set forth a series of theoretical and practical problems about the establishment and consummation of the regulation mechanism of economical and suitable housing ( esh ) construction in shaanxi, such as the total demand quantity model of economical and suitable housing ( esh ) in shaanxi, optimizing the management action of the state, studying on layout of economical and suitable housing ( esh ) in city, construction standard and area, exploiting and constructing in advanced - technological and sustainable development way, studying on cost control, the price control system and the checking of economical and suitable housing ( esh ) consumers

    本文運用定性分析與定量分析相結合的研究方法，通過對我國新老住房供應體系的比較和經濟適用住房政策實施的背景和現狀的分析，結合我國目前發展經濟適用住房的實踐，並以美國、日本、英國、德國、香港、新加坡等國和地區的住房保障制度的成功經驗為鑒，總結經驗，分析問題，全面系統的闡述了關于建立和完善陜西省城市經濟適用住房建設管理機制的一系列重要理論問題和實踐問題，諸如陜西省經濟適用住房需求總量分析模型，政府管理行為的優化，城市經濟適用住房布局研究，規劃建設標準，戶型面積標準，經濟適用住房建設要選擇資源節約型發展模式，經濟適用住房建造成本控制研究，售價測算系統和租售對象界定的研究等，形成了具有借鑒意義的經濟適用住房管理機制建設的建議。
  17. Against this background the thesis probes the mutual relationship of information technology and enterprise management, finds their combination point, on this basis, systematically analyses the influence of information technology to enterprise management, unfolding from the five sides of management technology and method, management and organization model, management behavior, management thought and management responsibility, considers that the influence present situation of information technology to enterprise management embodies the optimization management technology and method, flexible management and organization model, coach management behavior, pliable management thought and innovative management responsibility, and that the influence present situation of information technology to enterprise management supplies wide space for the enterprise management model optimization, studies the enterprise management model optimization in theory : integrated management method, flat pliable net management and organization form, humanism organization management, which is the organization management around person and digital strategy management, and constructs the mould of enterprise management model optimization, which are the background supporting framework of the enterprise, the restricting factors of the enterprise management model optimization, the stimulating mould of the information ? technology to the enterprise management model optimization, and the comprehensive mould of the enterprise management model optimization

    文章以此為背景探討了信息技術與企業管理的互動關系，找出二者的結合點，並在此基礎上，系統地剖析了信息技術對企業管理的影響，從管理技術方法、管理組織模式、管理行為、管理思想、管理職能五個方面詳細展開，認為信息技術對企業管理影響的現狀體現于優化的管理技術方法、靈活的管理組織模式、教練式的管理行為、柔性的管理思想、創新的管理職能，並認為信息技術對企業管理影響的現狀為管理模式的優化提供了廣闊的空間，從理論上研究了企業管理模式的優化：集成化的管理方法；扁平化、柔性化、網狀化的管理組織模式；人性化的組織管理即以人為中心的管理；數字化的戰略管理，構建了企業管理模式優化的模型：企業管理模式優化的底層支撐框架、企業管理模式優化制約要素互動解析模型、信息技術對企業管理模式優化的刺激模型、企業管理模式優化的綜合模型。
  18. The writher drew a conclusion that the operation mode is feasible and risky in the operation under the current market situation. the essay is divided into six parts totally. the writer described the background, researching purpose, researching frame and thinking in chapter one ; the writer described and analyzed the public - benefit project operating mode and drew a conclusion that there is the funds, management problem in the public - project operating mode in the second chapter ; the writer elaborated and analyzed the real estate project, get the conclusion that real estate enterprises were restricted by the land and the policy in the third part ; firstly the writer elaborated and analyzed the compound project operation mode, operating mechanism, the operating process of the mode, success factors and risk, secondly the writer made use of the contrast analysis method with two kinds of operation modes, lastly the writer drew a conclusion that mode is feasible, but risky in

    第一部分闡述了復合項目運作模式的選題背景、研究意義、研究框架、研究思路及研究方法;第二部分闡述了公益項目主要運作模式並進行了優劣勢分析，得出公益項目運作模式存在資金、管理及經營問題的結論;第三部分闡述了房地產項目主要運作模式並進行了優劣勢分析，得出了房地產項目運作模式受到土地及政策制約的結論;第四部分首先介紹了復合項目運作模式，其次進行了機理分析，闡述了復合項目運作模式的運作流程，並運用對比分析法與公益項目運作模式、房地產項目運作模式分別進行了對比分析，最後對復合項目運作模式成功要素和風險性進行了分析，闡釋了該模式是可行的，但存在風險;第五部分引用重慶世紀花都項目進行案例研究並做出了實施效果評價;第六部分對全文進行總結並指出了進一步研究方向。
  19. This article summarize the background of the new concept about the quality contract firstly, and then put forward the corresponding elusion path of the quality contract according to the management character and the risk structure of the quality contract

    摘要本文首先通過對合約化質量新理念的產生背景的簡要概述，再根據質量合約的管理特徵及風險結構，提出相應的質量合約的風險規避路徑。
  20. Inplementation of the above in a prototype system named cacds in the first part of the thesis the general contents of computer aieded conceptual design and its status quo is inrtoduced. detailed definition of component feature model ( cfm ) and its relative operations are described in chapter 2. in chapter 3 we invited " " component feature space " as the key element in layout design, and a new constraints driven layout creation methodology, which is based on graph theory and human - computer cooperation, is discussed

    本文以國家863計劃項目? ? 「面向產品創新的計算機輔助概念設計技術的研究」為背景，以產品信息模型和求解方法為著眼點展開研究，主要貢獻在於： （ 1 ）拓展了組件特徵模型，使其可以支持概念早期設計階段的信息表達和推理； （ 2 ）提出了一種基於約束驅動，結合約束圖與人機合作的布局設計求解方法； （ 3 ）在cacd原型系統中，對上述兩點進行了實踐。
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