自動上發條的 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìdòngshàngfātiáode]
自動上發條的 英文
self-winding
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 發 : 名詞（頭發） hair
  • 條 : Ⅰ名詞1 （細長的樹枝） twig 2 （條子） slip; strip 3 （分項目的） item; article 4 （層次; 秩序; 條...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 自動 : 1 （自己主動） voluntarily; of one s own accord 2 （不憑借人為的力量） automatic; spontaneous 3 ...
  1. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  2. For instance : continuous type flat to hot press develop successfully, make shaving board and mdf production line realize take in succession completely, not only give full play to the ability to produce production of the mechanical equipment on the line, but also in order to realize automatic control and automatic monitoring of product quality of the production process have created the condition

    如：連續式平壓法熱壓機的研製成功，使刨花板和mdf生產線實現了全線連續化，不僅充分發揮了生產線上機械設備的生產能力，也為實現生產過程的自動控制和產品質量的自動監測創造了條件。
  3. Them, the thesis has chosen three china ' s cases as object of study, corporatism and social resource theory as theoretical perspective, and the function of npo integrating social welfare resources as the point of study to research the mechanism of npo integrating social welfare resources, the factors which bring down its effects, the motive power of the development of npo in social welfare field. then, the conclusion comes into being : the instituting and running of a npo which has specific object is a effective mechanism to integrate social welfare resources ; in practice, npo can integrate social welfare resources by instituting former and informer social network ; the factors which bring down its effects include policy and themselves ; and there is several kind of power which can motive the development of npo in social welfare field

    本文選取了在發展程度上呈梯次性的中國三個個案為研究對象，以合作主義和社會資源理論為理論視角，以非營利組織對社會福利資源的整合功能為切入點，探討了非營利組織整合社會福利資源的機制、其效果的制約性因素、以及在社會福利領域推動非營利組織發展的動力，認為定位明確的非營利組織的成立與運營為社會福利資源的整合提供了一條可供選擇的有效的途徑，發現在實踐中非營利組織可利用正式的和非正式的兩種網路建構來開發整合社會福利資源，而現階段其整合效果受到政策環境和自身能力等因素的制約，推動非營利組織發展與能力健全的力量源泉主要來自需求推動、政策推動、專業知識推動和國際交往推動。
  4. This insurance shall not become effective if subsequent to its acceptance by the underwriters and prior to the intended time of its attachment, there has occurred any event which would have automatically terminated this insurance under the provisions of clause 6 above

    如果在保險人接受保險之後，在約定的生效時間之前，發生任何根據上述第6條將導致自動終止本保險的事件，本保險將不生效。
  5. Firstly, this part analyzes location, natural conditions and natural resources, population and labors, socio - economic elements, and the impacts of global political and economic environment change on unbalanced development of japanese regional economy. secondly, through analysis on regional development before the meiji reformation, industrialization, formation of dual structure and regional development after war, this part puts forward that unbalanced development is an objective law and regional development policies of government ca n ' t change structure of unbalanced development essentially. finally, this part sums up motive mechanism of unbalanced development of japanese regional economy, including location directional feature, scale economy, congregation and diffusion economy, putting forward that the overall effects of the three types of mechanisms stated above can be summarized as industrial group effects, which is also the important mechanism of unbalanced development of japanese regional economy

    首先，分析了區位條件、自然條件與自然資源、人口與勞動力條件、社會經濟條件、國際政治經濟環境的變化對日本區域經濟非均衡發展的影響；其次，通過對日本明治維新前的地域開發、工業化及其二元結構的形成以及戰后的地區開發等過程進行了剖析，認為區域經濟非均衡發展是一個客觀規律，政府的地區開發政策並不能從根本上改變非均衡發展的格局；第三，總結了日本區域經濟非均衡發展的動力機制，主要包括區位指向性、規模經濟、集聚與擴散效應，指出上述三種機制的綜合作用可以概括為產業集群效應，即產業集群也是日本區域經濟非均衡發展的重要機制。
  6. One fair - haired young soldierprince andrey knew himof the third company, with a strap round the calf of his leg, stepped back, crossing himself, to get a good run, and plunge into the water. another swarthy and very towzle - headed sergeant up to his waist in the water, bending his fine, muscular figure, was snorting with enjoyment, as he poured the water over his head with his blackened hands

    一個年輕的金發士兵安德烈公爵認識他是三連的，小腿肚上系一條皮帶，畫著十字往後退幾步，以便更好地跑動，然後跳進水裡去，另一個黑黑的，頭發總是亂蓬蓬的軍士，站在腰深的水裡，肌肉發達的身子顫抖著高興地噴著響鼻，用兩只粗黑的手捧水淋自己的腦袋。
  7. And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

    根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。
  8. Developing a software for the testing machine measuring and controlling system. the software can automatically switch control mode according to standard in the process of tensile testing and automatically judge constitutive mode of material. at the same time, it can automatically measure elastic modulus e, yield strength o s, proof strength, non - proportional extention o 0. 2, percentage extention 8, tensile strength o b, etc. it can applied in industry practice

    在經典pid控制與模糊控制的基礎上，設計了模糊自適應pid控制應用於試驗機的應力、應變及位移控制； 3 、開發了一套完整的試驗機測控系統軟體，能在試樣拉伸過程中按標準自動切換控制方式並自動判別材料本構模式，能夠自動測定彈性模量e 、屈服限_ s 、條件屈服限_ （ 0 . 2 ） 、延伸率、強度限_ b等，應用於工程實際。
  9. The degree of sandy desertification will be exacerbating unless some combating measures are put in effect ; through surveying the causes of sandy desertification and its development, we think that the natural basis of sandy desertification is climate changes, landforms, features of sediment and the condition of hydrology, and its immediate cause is the unreasonable activities of human being

    探討了沙漠化成因以及發生發展過程，認為，氣候、地貌、沉積物以及水文條件是壩上地區沙漠化的自然基礎，而人類不合理的經濟活動是沙漠化發生的直接原因。
  10. Because of last a century industry revolution is with the technology creative since behave type history precept for educating the glorious material civilization of with spiritual civilization, again making the nature ecosystem the environment suffering the bigness wound ; face with the large quantity that economic development mode consume the nature resources, break the ecosystem environment to price to give the our country small town developments of a nice bit of inside the negative influence that bring before, if over - emphasize in the moment economic " performance ", the regardless of farsighted ecosystem is equilibrium, and escape from to be the ground seriously economy, culture foundation with same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; with the same mode of term, blindness mimicry of nature geography, because of but cause the native special features and traditional culture to lose, image one, thousand an etc. of cities ; people who reply 21 century pursue the whole body heart the health the life style that develop relation towards publicly exist with movable environment request more and more of high and rigorous challenge, this lesson " inside small town environment design way of thinking research ", then " insist put can into practice keep on develop strategy, exactitude handle economy with population, resources, environment, improvement ecosystem environment with beautify to live the environment, improvement public facilities is with the social welfare facilities. found to produce the development hard, life wealthy with the leading that the good civilization of ecosystem develop the road " for total thought, then " unify programming, reasonable layout, is proper because of the ground system, each have special features, protect farmland, beautify environment, synthesize development, kit developments " for the basic way, regarding related research result of domestic and international expert ' s scholar as draw lessons from, then " create to set up clean, beautiful, quite and public environment, outstanding character image, expand the region ecosystem the vogue, and promote the economic society and environment can keep on developing, and realize the economy develop to win with environmental protection double " for design the target

    鑒于上一世紀產業革命和科技創新既為人類造就出輝煌物質文明和精神文明，又使自然生態環境遭受到巨大創傷的歷史教訓；面臨以往以大量消耗自然資源、破壞生態環境為代價的經濟發展模式給我國相當多的中小城鎮建設帶來的負面影響，如偏重眼前經濟「效益」 ，不顧長遠生態平衡，嚴重脫離當地經濟、文化基礎和自然地理條件，盲目模仿同一模式，因而導致本土特色與傳統文化喪失，形象單一，千城一面等；應對21世紀人們追求全身心健康發展的生活方式對公共生存與活動環境要求越來越高的嚴峻挑戰，本課題「中小城鎮環境設計思路研究」 ，以「堅持實施可持續發展戰略，正確處理經濟同人口、資源、環境的關系，改善生態環境和美化生活環境，改善公共設施和社會福利設施。努力開創生產發展、生活富裕和生態良好的文明發展道路」為總的指導思想，以「統一規劃、合理布局、因地制宜、各具特色、保護耕地、優化環境、綜合開發、配套建設」為根本方針，以國內外專家學者相關研究成果為借鑒，以「創建清潔、優美、寧靜的公共環境，突出個性形象，弘揚地域生態風尚，促進經濟社會與環境可持續發展，實現經濟發展與環境保護雙贏」為設計目標。並緊緊圍繞這一目標對中小城鎮的街區環境設計、建築特色設計、建築形象設計、自然環境設計、藝術形象設計、廣場景觀設計、住宅小區設計、生態環境設計、文化建設以及總體環境設計的定位等，展開了具體的思路研究與探討。
  11. If we change our views on the requirement to the educational theories, regard them as the tools by which we can open our horizons, deepen our understanding, impel us to reflect ; if we take care our dream based on the reality, the teacher ' s personal practical theory becomes the possibility to make the question and the hypothesis, and criticize and improve their experience based on others " experiences and theories, then, the growth of the teacher becomes a process of full of reasonable and self - realizing life experience, instead of the process of obliged and forced and passive life experience. this is the indeed the possibility of the approach that the growth of the teacher will happen

    如果轉變對教育理論的要求，將其視為開闊視野、深化認識、促進反思的工具而不是必須照辦的僵化的教條；在關照現實的基礎上胸懷理想，以教師個人實踐理論為根基，把它作為可以依靠、但是存有疑問的可能性和假設，並參照專業理論和他人經驗所提供的多種可能性逐步加以批判、改進，教師的成長才成為一個更加理性的、自為的生命歷程，而不是任由外部力量裹挾的、完全被動的過程，這才是既有立足點又有發展張力的實現教師可能發展的途徑。
  12. Immediately after the taxpayer has submitted his electronic profits tax return through the internet, an acknowledgement of receipt will be generated automatically by the computer system and sent to his e - mail address

    納稅人在網上提交了電子利得稅報稅表后，電腦系統馬上會自動發出認收回條，送往納稅人的電郵地址。
  13. Although he suspects that the woman is her girlfriend, he doesn t really have the right to investigate, but then the woman has already become part of his life, so it gives him a lot of pressures, and almost drives him mad eventually. you really couldn t say he is evil, it is just about his mind and attitude. there is no good or bad, he only lives for himself, and it is the same for daniel wu and ekin cheng

    其實這些感情線，是反警匪片的傳統，趣味的是當這條線開了出來，內里的枝節會在內心不斷的運行，好像在一條大動脈上，你要留意上面的那些小血管，正如我剛才所講，他見到一見似曾相識的女人，這條線他好像要放低，但其實這條線仍在運行的，令到有很多壓力迫力，使這個男主角最後走入一個絕路，始終人太多東西想都會想到發瘋的，但這又不能說是陰暗面，只是從他的心態度出發，他不是一個壞人，亦沒有說他是否好人，但他的生存只是為了自己一點。
  14. As for ordinary crime, it has the following three features : ( i ) the action of crime discontinuance should take place in special stage : ( ii ) the discontinuance of crime should be out of the will of the conductor ; ( iii ) the conductor should give up the conduction of crime for ever. and as for special crime discontinuance, it has four features, i. e. except the foregoing three features of ordinary crime discontinuance, the conductor should take effective measures to prevent the result of crime and practically avoid the happening of the crime result. the third part studies the semi - criminal discontinuance

    在犯罪中止的時間性特徵一節中，文章對犯罪預備階段存在犯罪中止的可能性和必要性進行了探討，通過與國外刑法典的規定比較，認為從世界各國刑事立法趨勢來看，犯罪預備階段的中止行為已不宜再作為犯罪中止處罰；此節中，作者還對放棄重復侵害和犯罪既遂后能否成立犯罪中止從理論上進行了深入地探討，認為放棄重復侵害的情形下，還需要同時具備有效性條件才可能成立犯罪中止，而危險犯既遂后自動有效地防止實害結果的發生，應作為一種事後的悔罪表現，而不應歸屬于犯罪中止。
  15. The research paper is based on the the latest softwares of the managing inventory, its research subject is about simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity by statisticing the probability of the random require quantity. its purpose is to provide the relied basement for determining the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity, the deterring policy quality will be raised, so the damage caused by unfit inventory quantity and the benefit of the entrerpreneur will be raised. the research method is by building the inventory management information system, the system includes automated management of parts entering and going out the datasbase. requesting the records of parts entering and going out the datasbase and displaying the sygonal when the inventory quantity is short out. computer calculating the fix period remaining, requesting remaining at any time and displaying if goods need ordering, all the partsof certain a product going out of basement and at the same time checking if the storaging quantity is enough. then simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity simulating method is as follows : statisticing the random required quantity. calculating the probability, standing for the values with data range producing random data by function accordingly calculating the random required quantity. thenext step is simulating all the projects after pressing in the simulating conditions. finally selecting the best

    本文通過分析國內外關于庫存管理軟體的發展情況，提出在線統計貨物出庫情況的基礎上利用模擬方法確定最優存儲方案，其目的是為制定合理的貨物安全庫存量和訂貨量提供可靠的依據，提高企業管理人員的決策質量，從而減小資金的佔用和缺貨損失，提高企業的經濟效益。通過研製庫存管理信息系統使庫存信息管理自動化，也就是實現貨物入出庫管理計算機管理、自動查詢貨物入出庫情況並在缺貨時給予提示、使用計算機貨物余額定期結算、貨物余額實時查詢並顯示是否需要訂貨、裝配出庫管理使得只要輸入需要裝配產品代號和數量，組成它的所有零件就會自動檢庫和出庫。然後對安全庫存量和訂貨量進行模擬，模擬方法是首先自動統計貨物在過去某一段時間內的需求量，計算出概率，用隨機數的范圍表示其概率數值的大小，利用隨機函數產生隨機數、從而間接的產生隨機需求量，給定模擬天數和其他模擬條件模擬各種方案，從眾多的存儲方案中找出最優存儲方案。
  16. The condition monitor system adopt hiberarchy, it was composed of head computer, monitor computer, periphery board and some circuit, the system can work in three different mode accord the different condition, the monitor computer and periphery board use the pc / 104 embedded module to make the system have the strong anti - vibratility and high ability of real time disposal ; in the system, we adopt the self - examination, redundancy design and some measures of software and hardware anti - jamming to make the system have strong ability of anti - jamming and high reliability, those all make the system adapt the worst work condition of the engine and realize the real time monitor of engine condition

    該狀態監測系統採用了分級結構，由上位機、下位機、外圍卡板和各種電路組成，可以根據不同情況在三種方式下工作。在下位機和外圍卡板的設計中採用了pc 104嵌入式模塊，使得系統具有較強的抗震性和實時處理能力；在整個系統中還採用了軟硬體抗干擾措施，並進行了自檢系統和冗餘結構的設計，使得系統具有較強的抗干擾能力和較高的可靠性，經過這些設計，使系統可以適應發動機運行過程中的惡劣條件，實現對發動機狀態的實時監測。
  17. With the poverty of farmer as the core, the external expression such as the poor group in economy, the backward group in culture, the weak group in politics as the basement, with the self - organizing methodology as the theoretical foundation, the conditional methodology of self - organizing, kinetic methodology in synergetics as the aspect, this essay analyses this problem from the aspect of the environmental factors ( the partition between the city and the country ; one country two policy and household registration system and other natural conditions ) of farmer ' s poverty, from the aspect of motive mechanism ( competitive and corporation ) of the farmer seeking development, from the aspect of supercirculation _ the recycling use of resources. then we conclude that the root of farmer ' s poverty that is the reduction of natural resource farmer relying on, the lack of competition and corporation, the poor efficiency of the resource use

    論文研究是以分析農民貧困為核心，以農民貧困的外在表現? ?經濟上的貧困群體，文化上的落後群體，政治上的弱勢群體為基礎，以自組織方法論為理論依據，以自組織的耗散結構環境條件方法論、協同學的動力方法論和超循環結合方法論為視角，分別從農民貧困問題產生的環境條件因素? ? 「城鄉分治，一國兩策」和「戶籍制度」及自然條件等方面，從農民追求發展的動力機制? ?競爭與合作方面，從超循環結合? ?資源的循環利用方面進行分析論證。我們由此得出的結論是：農民賴以生存的環境資源減少，競爭與合作不足，資源低效利用是農民貧困問題產生的根源。
  18. Owners should be allowed to apply for reimbursement of the costs of the remaining useful life of the works which are required by the relevant authorities, including the maintenance or repair works required by the buildings department under the buildings ordinance chapter 123, the provision or improvement of fire service installations or equipment required by the fire services department under the fire safety commercial premises ordinance chapter 502, and the lift works or escalator works required by the electrical and mechanical services department under the lifts and escalators safety ordinance chapter 327, if their properties are eventually acquired by the ura for redevelopment

    倘若業主因應有關監管部門的指令而進行所需工程，而物業最終被市建局收購作重建之用，則業主應可就有關工程餘下的有效期申請發還有關支出款項。上述監管部門規定的工程包括屋宇署根據建築物條例第123條要求進行的樓宇維修或修葺工程消防處根據消防安全商業處所條例第502條要求進行的消防裝置或設備安裝或改善工程，以及機電工程署根據升降機及自動梯安全條例第327條要求進行的升降機工程或自動梯工程。
  19. Age 3 + ) geared clock ' s digital display keeps pace as you move the minute hand ! colour - coded sliding shutters provide a self - check

    適合三歲或以上）大小時鐘均由齒輪推動，只要移動分針，時針便會自動跟著走，時鐘頂部的發條還會告訴你另一種顯示時間的方式。
  20. Arc welding technologies in japan have been advanced steadily since the time when an application of covered electrodes was first examined in the shipbuilding industry about 90 years ago. the history of the arc welding technology has always been the history of the pursuit of higher " efficiency and speed " of welding processes welding materials, originally started with covered electrodes ， have been developed into more efficient submerged arc welding materials and gas ? shielded arc welding materials with which automatic welding and robotic welding can easily be conducted. the gas ? shielded arc welding materials can be classified mainly into solid wires and flux ? cored wires ( fcws ), and of these wires ， fcw has been increasing in uses year by year because of its excellent workability and efficiency. this article describes the recent trends in the development of fcws which now hold the major position in the welding materials. a special focus is put on the fcws for carbon steels

    90年前，日本的造船業開始使用藥皮焊條.自此，日本的弧焊技術取得了長足進步.弧焊技術的歷史是焊接工藝"高速度、高效率"的歷史.自藥皮焊條開始焊接材料已發展成為更高效的埋弧焊焊材和氣保焊焊材，並能更容易地結合自動化焊接和機器人焊接.氣保焊焊材主要分為實芯焊絲和藥芯焊絲，藥芯焊絲的應用因其出色的實用性和效率而逐年增加.介紹了藥芯焊絲作為主要焊材的發展趨勢，尤其是在碳鋼焊接上的應用
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