自由原子 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zìyóuyuánzi]
自由原子
英文
free atom-
After touring with a british classical ensemble, she accepted a publishing job, in the meanwhile singing in a series of local groups before joining the trip - hop outfit faithless - helmed by her older brother, the noted dj and producer rollo - in 1995. as the group s 1996 debut album " reverence " went on to sell some five million copies worldwide, dido began working on solo material, developing a lushly ethereal sound combining elements of acoustic pop and electronica ; signing with arista, she released her debut cd " no angel " in mid - 1999
No angel這張專輯幾乎由她自己完成所有的創作，再加上她的哥哥rollo等人的製作，讓這張專輯的樂風呈現faithless一貫採取折衷的意念，融合了流行爵士民謠電子音樂，而由於dido對原音樂器的鐘愛，則讓原本電味十足的音樂，加入原音樂器的協調，而展現古典與摩登交織的多樣風情。The annihilation of the octahedron voids at the tips of fpds was divided two processes : ( 1 ) the oxide on the void was removed by the out - diffusion of oi in the shallow region, especially the oi aroud the void and by the entry of the interstitial si atomics. ( 2 ) the void without oxide shrinked by emitting vacances and the migration of silicon atoms from edge to the bottom of void
Fpds端部八面體空洞的消失分為兩個階段： （一）覆蓋在空洞各個內壁上的氧化膜由於高溫下矽片表面區域的間隙氧原子，尤其是空洞型缺陷周圍的間隙氧原子的外擴散及自間隙硅原子的進入，而逐漸變薄直至最終消失。 （二）無氧化膜的空洞，在高溫下發出一個個空位，同時八面體空洞周圍的自間隙硅原子不斷的從空洞的邊緣遷移至空洞的底部，使空洞逐漸變淺直至最後消失。Of course, gambling eminently lent itself to that sort of thing though, as the event turned out, the poor fool hadn t much reason to congratulate himself on his pick, the forlorn hope
當然，賭博顯然容易發生這樣的事態。結果出來后，可憐的傻子沒有多少理由來慶幸自己的選擇。那原是孤注一擲。With observing the topography of different time period by afm, the formation mechanism of five stages of ots molecular film was concluded. 4. tribological characteristics of ots self - assembled molecular film were studied by lfm. the effects of sliding velocity and load on frictional force were analyzed
在研究過程中，通過原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）觀察不同成膜時間及不同溶劑組成條件下的ots自組裝分子膜的形貌，由此來判斷反應進程，總結出ots自組裝分子膜生長模式的五個階段。Changsha water investment managing company is derived from changsha water supply company through system innovation. during the past 50 years ’ development, changsha water investment managing company has registered capital of 500 million rmb with 8 exclusively - invested enterprises and share - holding subsidiaries, and the sum of asset exceeds 2. 3 billion rmb
長沙水業投資管理有限公司是由原長沙市自來水公司整體改製成立的國有獨資企業，公司經過50餘年的發展，目前下轄長沙供水有限公司等八家全資和參股子公司，公司注冊資本5億元，資產總額過23億元。Abstract : we have studied the spontaneous emission from a three - level atom with an external - driving field in a photonic crystal. as a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the population in the two upper levels displays quasi - oscillatory oroscillatory behavior. this depends on the initial atomic state and the relative positions of the two upper levels from the forbidden gap. the intensity and the phase of the external field can affect spontaneous emission from the atom. the properties are different from a three - level atom either in vacuum or in aphotonic crystal without an external driving field
文摘:討論了在雙光子驅動場作用下，三能級原子在光子晶體中的自發發射問題.由於量子干涉和光的局域化作用，兩個上能級中的占據數將具有周期振蕩或準周期振蕩的性質，這不僅依賴于兩個上能級與禁帶的相對位置，同時也依賴于原子的初始狀態，而且還與驅動場的強度、驅動場的入射位相有關.這些性質既與真空中帶有驅動場的原子的自發發射性質不同，也有別于無驅動場作用下光子晶體中三能級原子的自發發射性質Such control can be realized in case where a atom interact with photonic band gap matericals when the atom is placed in photonic crystals whose density of modes is dramatically different from that of free space vacuum. it was known that control could be achieved by varying the frequency ( which leads to the changes of the relative position of the upper levels from the forbidden gap ) or by varying the photonic density of modes ( dos ) or by varying the intial atomic state
由於光子晶體具有不同於真空中的光子態密度，原子和光子帶隙材料便發生相互作用，這樣便可以控制原子的自發輻射。改變原子上能級與光子禁帶邊緣的相對位置、材料中的光子態密度或原子初態都可以控制原子的自發輻射。To assign more than three degrees of freedom to a helium atom would lead to incorrect predictions.
認為氦原子具有三個以上的自由度，將會導致錯誤的論斷。Furthermore, the growth and the study of self - organized quantum dots structures become more and more important recently, and the application of self - organization technique become wider and wider in this thesis, we address the theory of film growth and the growth technique firstly more, the ways and characteristics of surface detection are prescribed we mainly report the growth process, results and discuss of self - organized quantum dots structures in the a12o3 substrates by s - k mode using ecr - mocvd, in the espd - u device the growth art of ain epilayer which is the preliminary foundation of self - organized gan / ain quantum dots structures, including the substrate cleaning, nitridation, the growth of buffer and the growth of gan and ain epilayer, is discussed we deliberately compare the test result of rheed xrd and afm and achieved the optimalized condition of ain at last we have successfully realized the growth of ain which is much smooth and better crystal quality moreover, we grow the self - organized gan / ain quantum dots structure in s - k mode because the limits of the heater temperature, we can not grow the atom - smooth epilayer of ain until now so we could not grow better quantum dots which have small diameter and big density but the self - organized quantum dots structures with better quality will be realized successfully if the substrate temperature is increased the thesis study belong to my tutor subject of national nature science foundation ( 69976008 )
本論文主要論述了在espd - u裝置上，採用電子迴旋共振等離子體增強mocvd （ ecr - pamocvd ）方法，在藍寶石襯底上通過s - k模式自組裝生長gan aln量子點結構的生長工藝、結果及討論。而重點分析了自組裝生長量子點之前的aln外延層生長工藝，包括襯底清洗、氮化、緩沖層的生長和gan 、 aln外延層的生長；通過高能電子衍射、 x射線衍射和原子力顯微鏡測試，並且對這些測試結果進行了詳細的比較研究，得出了較優化的工藝條件，生長出了晶質較好、表面較平整的aln外延層；進而採用s - k模式自組裝生長了gan aln量子點結構。由於實驗裝置加熱爐溫度的限制，我們沒有能夠生長出原子級平滑的aln外延層表面，因而沒能夠生長出密度比較大和直徑比較小的量子點。Therefore it is considered that the spontaneous emission of atom is caused by the fluctuation of dipole moment, not by the dipole moment oscillation of the atomic system
原子偶極矩的期待值總是零，但偶極矩的起伏恆等於一個不為零的常數，因此，原子的自發輻射是由偶極矩的漲落引起的，並非原子偶極矩振蕩造成的結果。In the way based the scientific and tecdrical talks on i presided at and panicipated in, the graduation theis included a p1entful thets in recent years wtll be divided into three parts for depiction conxteniently and clearly, according to the content as fo1lowsf ( l ) the study of shock compression properties with the drixtiir - liquid co and n, experimentally ( 2 ) the study of the phenomenon of excess heat produced by deuteriurn atoms entering into the lattice of titaluxn experimentally ( 3 ) the calcujation for the electronic structure and energy of hydrogen atoms cluster ffi. the mainstream in the first part of the paper is to exposure some experimental tecndques in high pressure and high temperatur shock compression physics, including by using a cryo - target cooled down circulating steaxned n, to condense the well - proportioned mixed liquid sample from pure gas co and n = with equal molar voiurne
根據近幾年所承擔和參加的科研任務，將研究成果總結寫成的論文按以下三個部分敘述： （ 1 ）液體co和n _ 2混合物沖擊壓縮特性的實驗研究（由國防科技重點實驗室基金項目96js75 . 2 . 1 . jw1902資助） （ 2 ）重氫原子進入鈦晶格中引起過熱現象的實驗研究（由國家自然科學基金10145002資助） （ 3 ）氫原子團簇h _ 9的電子結構與能量計算第一部分以高溫高壓沖擊波物理實驗為主，採用自行研製的低溫循環汽冷靶冷凝制樣技術由高純co和n _ 2氣體獲取等摩爾體積均勻混合的液體沖擊初態樣品。Theory therefore indicates that the dark ages were defined by three distinct temperatures : the spin temperature ( a measure of the relative abundance of atoms with different spin states ) ; the ordinary, kinetic temperature ( a measure of the motions of the atoms ) ; and the radiation temperature ( a measure of the energy of the background photons )
因此理論上，黑暗年代是由三種截然不同的溫度來定義：自旋溫度（不同自旋狀態原子相對數目的度量） 、一般的動力溫度（原子運動的度量）與輻射溫度（背景光子能量的度量） 。The payments for capital and labor are totally set by market power and capital ( labor ) suppliers of any firm have no power to alter the transaction terms with its labor ( capital ) suppliers to their advantage and thus every firm generate zero economic profit. every firm ' s value is equal to the sum of the market prices of the human assets and physical assets that it use and thus the formation and disbandment of a firm have no influence on the interest of any of its members. through an efficient comparison of production within the firm and the scattered individual production coordinated through markets, the dissertation reveals that the origin of the power relationship phenomenon within the firm is that the suppliers of the resources to the firm in real world are unable to enter into legally binding complete contracts as walras assumed
在一般均衡範式中，企業是一個追求利潤最大化的原子；企業的生產過程被描述為一個「黑箱」 ，它自動地、無摩擦地把任何一組投入轉化為既定的技術約束下所能生產的最高產出；資本和勞動僅僅是生產過程中不同類別的投入，它們之間的關系是對稱的，它們各自的報酬都是完全由市場整體的力量決定的，任何一個企業的資本（勞動）提供者都不可能為了增進其自身的利益而改變與勞動（資本）提供者的交易條件，從而任何一個企業產生的經濟利潤都為零；任何一個企業的價值都等於該企業使用的人力資產和非人力資產的市場價格之和，組成一個企業不會增進任何參與人的收益，解散一個企業也不會降低任何參與人的收益。The applications field of fgm include aerospace, electron, chemistry, biology and medicine fields ; the composition change also from metal / ceramic to metal / metal, metal / alloy, non - metal / non - metal and non - metal / ceramic. moreover, various methods including powder metallurgy, self - propagating high - temperature synthesis ( shs ), chemical and physical vapor deposition ( cvd and pvd ), electrodeposition, laser cladding method, plasma sputtering and sol - gel method have been studed. metal organic chemical vapor deposition ( mocvd ), using chemical vapor deposition of metal organic compounds, is an effective method for acquiring special function materials and membrane
功能梯度材料是21世紀最有發展前景的新型材料之一，其用途已由原來的宇航工業，擴大到核能源、電子、化學、生物醫學等領域；其組成也由金屬?陶瓷發展成為金屬?金屬、金屬?合金、非金屬?非金屬、非金屬?陶瓷等多種組合；其制備方法主要包括粉末冶金法，自蔓延高溫合成法（ shs ） 、氣相沉積法（ cvd和pvd ） 、電沉積法，激光熔覆法，溶膠?凝膠法（ sol - gel ）等。Material which is capable of producing energy by a self - sustaining chain reaction of nuclear fission
一能由原子核分裂之自續連鎖反應而產生能量之物料。Teas, particularly chinese green teas, contain tea polyphenols that have been shown in experiments to lower blood cholesterol level, reduce clogging of the arteries, prevent obesity, suppress ulcer causing bacteria infection in the stomach, delay the onset of bone disorders, and protect against bladder cancer formation
臭氧，希臘文意為清新空氣。臭氧由三個氧原子組成，具有有趣的特性：具有極強的氧化能力但卻會急速分解。我們無法儲存臭氧，但它在自然界中又無處不在。Atomic force microscope ( afm ) has been applied in the field of nano - machining since its invention even its main function falls in the inspection of surface topography and other features
自原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）問世以來，其應用領域已由原來的微觀表面形貌檢測或表面特徵的表徵擴展到納米加工。Second, the enclosing fact of the cold war, symbolized by the presence of the bomb, brought awareness that we ourselves, and our friends, and millions of abstract " others " we knew more directly because of our common peril, might die at any time
其次，由原子彈的存在所象徵的冷戰籠罩世界的事實，使我們意識到：我們自己、我們的朋友以及千百萬我們因共同的危險更加了解的抽象的「其它人」隨時可能死去。3. resolution principle of numerals system n because simple statements have order relation in n, the order relation makes complex statements of n have special property. it happens in the inside of a complex statement, no between two complex statements
數字系統萬中的歸結原理由於數字系統廠中的原子命題帶有自然數序關系，使廠中的公式又有了一些「特殊性」 ，且這種「特殊性」只體現在公式內部，兩個公式之間沒有這種「特殊性」 。Fabrication of nanostructures based on spm as an extension to spm imaging, referred to as scanning probe nanofabrication ( spn ) is an emerging technique undertaken at labs in the past ten years that comprises manipulation of atom or molecule in a bottom - up paradigm and scanning probe lithography ( spl ) in a top - down paradigm. in chapter one, in the light of decentralized experimental data in this respect, the author, classify in an analytic approach the literature concerned as electrical spl, mechanical spl, thermal spl, and optical spl in terms of different mechanisms of interplay between a probe and a surface of a sample, after describing the most important of this type of microscopy, i. e., scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy
由於這項技術的實驗數據比較分散，因此，作者在論文的第一章里首先介紹了掃描探針顯微鏡的兩個最重要的類型，即掃描隧道顯微鏡和掃描原子力顯微鏡的工作原理；然後根據加工方式的不同把它分為自下而上的掃描探針原子（分子）操縱與自上而下的掃描探針刻蝕兩大類；而根據掃描探針與樣品的不同作用機理，對掃描探針刻蝕加工又進行了歸納與綜述，對其特殊的加工方法作了原理性的介紹，並分析了目前存在的共性問題與應用前景。分享友人