自罰機制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìfájīzhì]
自罰機制 英文
self punishment mechanism
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 罰 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （處罰） punish; penalize; fine; forfeit Ⅱ名詞（處罰） punishment; penalty
  • 機 : machineengine
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 機制 : 1 （機器製造或加工的） machine processed; machine made 2 （機器的構造和工作原理; 有機體的構造、功...
  1. After review of the captioned aspects, we may find that we have to solve several problems of different levels like : to make the owner of state - owned assets and their agents to act as real owner and agent not government officer, to make the information exposal mechanism more effective and to make the behavior of supervising bureau more effective

    而且我們比較的終極目的是要尋找那些對於我們國家的治理問題有一定借鑒意義的思路，而不是全盤照搬。我們認為，要改變目前這種現狀，需要做許許多多的工作，包括：政府以適當方式行使自己作為國有股股東的權利並履行義務；加強外部的監督機制和懲罰機制，建立公眾的上市公司和政府的信心等。
  2. In part, the article will begin with comprehensive discussion of the rationality of the self - regulation, while highlighting the nature of the self - regulation rights, and the two major source of the self - regulation rights, and analyze every concrete right, such as the right of issuing banking codes, the right of supervision, the right of non - legal punishment and disputes settlement, respectively

    本論文站在充分肯定銀行業自律管理的立場上，對銀行業自律管理合理性、必要性以及可行性進行了論證;提出了自律是穩定和發展銀行業最本質和最基礎的結構性條件。而國家立法機關和政府監管機關必須充分尊重銀行業自律組織的規章制訂權，非法律懲罰權，監管權和爭端解決權等諸項自律管理權力。
  3. Changed the way hunter pet family armor bonuses and penalties are applied to allow the exact value from the natural armor talent to be applied correctly

    改變了獵人的各類型寵物的護甲加值和懲罰機制，以使得自然護甲天賦的效果正確施加於寵物。
  4. The essay deeply analyzes the elementary theory of the developing teacher - assess system and points out its intrinsic essence and basic principle, goes into the base in theory which consists of 5 respects and finally makes the comparison between the developing teacher assess and present - day teacher assess. the developing teacher assess system, with the purpose of the promotion, is a kind of formative evaluation which is based on the aim, stresses the process and the timely feedback. it does not consider the result of the assess as the base of prize or reproach. its direction is to face the future, its aim is to promote the all - round development of all staffs, its function is centered on the lead - in, inspiration, development, and its means is the formative teacher evaluation. it pays special attention to the desire of teachers and esteem the requirement of teachers as its motive and power of the assessment. however, the present teacher assess is the closed - ending one whose feature is mainly to stress the daily performance before the evaluation and accordingly judge whether they possess the conditions of being rewarded or reproached

    其方向? ?面對未來，目的? ?促進全體教師的發展，功能? ?導向、激勵、發展為主，方式? ?形成性的教師評價制度，在啟動方式上注重教師自己的成就期望，把教師的需要當作評價的動機和力量。而現行的教師評價是終結性評價，其特點主要是面向過去，特別注重教師在評價前的工作表現，並根據教師的工作表現，判斷他們是否已經具備獎勵或處罰的條件。為了全面了解現行教師評價制度存在的問題，做到有的放矢，本研究對濟南市156名高中教師進行了調查，通過分析反映出以下問題： 1 、大多數教師對教師評價認識不清，引不起全體教師的共鳴，容易走過場。
  5. With the cases which are retlising to accept admirlistrative punishment, refusing to accept administratix / e coercive measures, retlising to accei ) t the resolution, issued by admin1strative organs, for changing, terminat1ng or disso1vlng some certiticate, retlising t ( ] accept the resolution, issued by administrative organs, for confirming the ownership or utilize ol natural resources. considering the fact that administrative organs infring rlghts of the aut ( ) nomous management, considering the tac1 the thrm contract is changed, abolished ( ) r interfered by administrative organs. considering adminlstrativc organs illegall } levy propertives, apportioned charges, collect capitais, or demand perform1ng other duties, considering administrative orga11s, according to the lau ", shouid issue some certificates or sanction, register some other things which have n ' t be ( : n done, applying administrative organs for performing some legal duties which have n ' t been pefformed, applying adrninistrative organs for issuing consolations, social insurances or the lowest funds of life which have n ' t been issued and considering the concrete administrative conduct of administrative organs infringes other ll legitimate rights and interests

    本文運有我國有關法學理論，並結合《行政復議法》的相關規定，對行政復議范圍進行了分析和研究，其中第二章對具體行政行為的復議范圍進行了分析，包括：不服行政處罰決定的行政案件：不服行政強制措施的行政案件；不服行政機關變更、終止、撤銷有火證書的決定的案件；不服行政機關確認自然資源的所有權或者使用權的決定的案件；認為行政機關侵犯合法的經營自主權的案件；認為行政機關變更、廢止或者干涉簽訂農業承包合同，侵犯其合法權益的案件；認為行政機關違法徵收財物、攤派費用、強行集資或者違法要求履行其他義務的案件；認為符合法定條件，申請行政機關頒發有關證書或者審批、登記有關事項但行政機關沒有依法辦理的案件；申請行政機關履行某些法定職責，行政機關沒行依法履行的案件；申請行政機關依法發放撫恤金、社會保險金或者最低生活保障費，行政機關沒有依法發放的案件；認為行政機關的其他具體行政行為侵犯其合法權益的案件等。
  6. Enterprises which have not been approved by the office for industrial and commercial administration and which have developed without authorization pyramid retail operations, or which have violated the circular concerning the curbing of illegal activities within pyramid retailing or any of the above regulations shall be resolutely suppressed by office of industrial and commercial administration in that region, have the retail commodities and any illegal gains from the sale thereof confiscated, and be subject to a fine according to the consumer protection law and other relevant stipulations

    三、對未經工商行政管理機關審查批準，擅自開展多層次傳銷的企業，或違反《關于制止多層次傳銷活動中違法行為的通告》以及上述規定的企業，由當地工商行政管理機關堅決予以取締，沒收傳銷商品、銷貨款和非法所得，並按《中華人民共和國消費者權益保護法》等有關規定處以罰款。
  7. The author thinks that to formulate a regulatory charge system with incentive compatibility, we should consider the specific conditions of regulated institutions in aspects of risk control level, operational efficiency, prospect of company, etc, and then quantify these aspects with some specific indexes as well as adopt some penalty mechanisms so that the regulated institutions will cooperate with the regulator to disclose the risks in their operation

    一個激勵相容性監管收費方案應該考慮到被監管者具體情況：風險控制水準、經營效率、公司前景各個方面，然後採用一些具體的指標進行量化，並採取一些懲罰機制，讓被監管者採取合作態度，不敢隱瞞自己的風險情況。
  8. According to the work condition of one 1450 five - stand tandem cold mill, reduction distribution as decision variable, the penalty function was established, in which rolling pressure distribution ratio was as objective function and the constraint condition of reduction distribution was as penalty term

    根據某1450五機架冷連軋機生產工況，以壓下量分配為自變量，以軋制力成比例分配為目標函數，將壓下量分配的約束條件作為懲罰項，建立懲罰函數。
  9. Article 45 those who buy or sell foreign exchanges privately, under disguise, or for profiteering purpose shall be warned by foreign exchange administrations, forced to sell their foreign exchanges, have their illegal incomes confiscated and fined at above 30 per cent and below three times their illegally traded foreign exchanges, or be affixed with legal responsibilities if they commit crimes

    第四十五條私自買賣外匯、變相買賣外匯或者倒買倒賣外匯的，由外匯管理機關給予警告，強制收兌，沒收違法所得，並處違法外匯金額30 %以上3倍以下的罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
  10. Administrative authority is the abstract subject on the base of the concrete contents of governmental authorities in the field of administrative law. as the other governmental mechanisms, cbrc has administrative authority of admission, punish, and compulsion, which is characterized by formalism and procedures. economic power refers to the power of government ’ s supervision on economy

    行政權力來自於行政法學對政府權力具體內容的抽象，不論是銀監會還是其他國家機關，其行政權力都包括行政許可權、行政處罰權、行政強制權等，都帶有形式化、程序化的特徵;經濟權力是政府干預經濟的權力，不同的國家機關所擁有的經濟權的內容是不同的，銀監會的經濟權力就是法律賦予的金融監管權。
  11. Explicit contract and appealing to the court do n ' t solve " hold - up " problem effectively, while implicit contract is a practical way to solve " hold - up " problem

    明示的合約和訴諸法院的方式並不能有效的解決要挾問題。起作用的往往是基於個人懲罰條款的默契合約或者合約的自我履行機制。
  12. The main manifestations are providing false information ; lack of the punishment mechanism against deception and internal self - discipline ; providing nonexistent or fake houses, business enterprise and personnel and so on

    社會中介組織誠信文化缺失主要體現為：提供虛假信息；失信行為的懲罰機制和內部自律機制不健全；提供「不實」的房屋、企業和「人」等。
  13. Resource type of both enterprise and the focus of strategy development decide preference of participator in the future alliance gradation of enterprise strategy and different combination of resource type decide the alliance type of strategy. beside the system of self improvement and form the control structure to adjust alliance activities and business relationship

    企業之間雙方所擁有的資源類型和企業發展的焦點，決定了預期聯盟中參與者的偏好，企業戰略層次和資源類型的不同組合決定了戰略聯盟的類型，此外自我實施機制和懲罰機制組成了調節聯合行為和交易關系的規制結構。
  14. It include : 1. the scope of legal person crime need to be limited, 2. the constitution of crime : ( l ) the subject should not include the personal individual investment enterpriser ; the personal enterprise which run in partnership ; the government organization, ( 2 ) there exist criminal negligence, and " take benefits for corporation " should be looked as a subject characteristic, 3. the legal person crime should be made a light punishment, 4. bring up punishment of the nature person which worked in the criminal corporation should be light than that of the pure nature person crime. 5. more penalties should be added in order to establish a special penalty system that aim at corporation crime

    主要包括： 1 、法人犯罪的范圍應受限制； 2 、法人犯罪犯罪構成方面： （ 1 ）主體不應當包括個人獨資、個人合夥企業和機關； （ 2 ）主觀方面應承認存在法人過失犯罪，且應將「為法人謀取利益」作為法人犯罪的主觀特徵; 3 、法人犯罪法定量刑應當樹立輕刑化的觀念; 4 、通過對自然人成員在法人中地位的探討，提出自然人成員的處罰應輕于單純自然人犯罪; 5 、法人刑罰體系方面，應增設刑種形成針對法人犯罪的獨特刑罰體系，同時罰金制度也應當明確其處罰幅度，並在配套制度上予以完善，從而有效的預防法人犯罪。
  15. To use economic means and moral condemnation means to govern the universal presence of market failure behaviors, such as breach of contract and commercial fraud, to punish those who are not honest in the business transactions and create a social environment of honesty and trustworthiness, to set up efficient penalty system of breaking credit, we need to take the following measures : first, set up a monitoring system of which our government can punish the frauds ; second, establish market withdrawal prohibited from entering the system for the credit lost persons ; third, set up judicial system which match with penalty system of breaking credit ; forth, set up social condemn system ; last, create a good faith disciplinary conditions to speed up the establishment of penalty system of breaking credit

    失信懲戒機制一般由政府管理部門負責和民間自發成立兩種組成，其中，政府管理部門側重於行政強制性處罰，而民間機構則側重於運用市場機制發揮商業懲戒作用，兩者相互補充，共同構成失信懲戒法律制度的整體。政府各個管理部門主要依據相關的法律法規，對失信行業進行懲罰，或者成立專門的機構對個人的失信行為進行披露。而民間機構一般主要指信用中介機構，主要通過提供有償的信用服務，將信用信息傳遞給信息需求者，通過需求者自身的決策行為，來實現對失信者進行懲罰。
  16. In chinese stock market there are a variety of falsification and breach of faith which result in belief crisis. now is the situation that the regulator, the public companies, the financial intermediaries and the investors will have no faith in each other. on june 6th, 2005 the shanghai composite index fell below 1000. during four years bear market investors have losed almost $ 1, 000 billion, and the heavy loss gives us a lesson that the stock market must build on the foundation of credit. the non - tradable shares is a big barrier. now we are sweeping off the barrier and cherish a open, fair and justicial stock market. to make a sound foundation for the stock market the key is to rebuild the credit of the market, including the credit of the regulator, the redit of the public companies, the credit of the financial intermediaries and the cultivation of the credit culture. this paper profoundly analyses the credit environment of the chinese stock market by the use of credit theory, pointing out that the reason accounting for the lack of credit of the chinese stock market is the unclearly established ownership of the property rights. another reason is that the regulator makes his credit destroyed when he is sustaining the public companies. how to improve the credit environment of the chinese stock market

    但真正要重建中國證券市場，關鍵還在於重建市場信用，包括政府信用、上市公司信用、中介機構信用、以及由全體投資者參與的信用文化培育。本文在研究信用理論基礎上，深入研究中國證券市場信用現狀，指出中國證券市場信用缺失的根本原因是上市公司產權不明晰、政府為了維護國有控股上市公司的利益使自身信用一再遭到破壞，同時沒有有效的失信懲罰機制。對于如何改善中國證券市場的信用狀況，研究表明:重建證券市場信用，必須首先改革國有資產管理體制，使政府擺脫與上市公司的利益糾葛，從而政府成為中立的裁判者。
  17. On the base of analysing the shortcoming of genetic algotithms, three improved techniques for genetic algorithms are bring forward in this paper : fuzzy penalty fitness function, random dislocation arithmetic crossover, fuzzy parameter adjust policy, which improve genetic algorithms capability of global convergence and convergent speed. at the same time, the improved genetic algorithms are applied to nonlinear mixed integer problems and complex nonlinear function optimization

    在分析實數型遺傳演算法不足的基礎上，本文研究了遺傳演算法的關鍵技術，分別提出了模糊懲罰評價函數、隨機錯位算術雜交運算元、模糊自適應參數控制等改進技術，以提高遺傳演算法的全局收斂性和收斂速度，並應用於求解非線性混合整數規劃問題和復雜高維的函數優化問題。
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