致冷作用 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhìlěngzuòyòng]
致冷作用
英文
refrigeration-
With advantageous water, soil and organisms resources, the dadiwan culture, the yangshao culture, the longshan culture and the xiashang culture developed, original settling - down dry farming culture formed gradually, which laid sound foundation for agriculture civilization in the weihe valley ; among which, land use of arable farming was replaced largely by pastoral farming in the mixed area of agriculture and animal husbandry in north weihe region between 4 000 - 3 000 a b. p., because of dry and cold weather resulted in environment deterioration and soil degradation. at the beginning of 3 100 a b. p.,
在8500 3100abp全新世大暖期，渭河流域水、土、生物資源條件優越，人類發展了大地灣文化、仰韶文化、龍山文化和夏商文化，逐步形成了原始定居旱作農業類型文化，從而奠定了渭河流域農業文明的基礎，其間在4000刁000ab衛，渭河流域北部的農牧交錯帶，由於氣候的逐漸冷干化，導致水、土、生物資源退化，造成旱作農業土地利用方式由遊牧業取而代之。Calculation results fit experimental data well. at last, in order to further discover the matching between the two systems of small - scale cold storage, phoenics - cfd general software is applied in the study on 3 - d distributions of the airflow and temperature fields in the chamber of the small - scale cold storage. buoyancy model in the simulation are considered and the results are in agreement with the experimental data
最後，為了進一步了解小型冷庫兩個組成系統間的匹配特性，用phoenics數值計算專用軟體對冷庫內三維流場和溫度場分佈特性作了計算，並在計算中考慮浮升力的影響，計算結果與特徵點的實驗結果基本一致。The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th, june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa, subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average, this is the rainy season for the south of china, but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability, but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain
作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，並討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： （ 1 ） 「 02 . 6 」強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣於6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； （ 2 ） 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利於本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； （ 3 ）偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； （ 4 ）整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分佈，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。Results show that the brittle fracture is mainly caused by hydrogen brittleness that results from the oxidation arid absorbing hydrogen of copper tube during braze welding
同時在加熱和冷卻時，由於異種材料的熱脹系數差別過大，產生的較大熱應力作用於已存在的裂紋，促使裂紋二次擴展，甚至使得晶粒脫落產生空洞，最終導致焊接接頭漏氣失效。The southeast low - air jet accompanying the tropical cyclone transported plenty of heat and moisture for the storm, the low - level heating and wetting weakeed the stability of the air, and the weak cool air intruded from the low - level and stimulated the convection, thus leading to the heavy storm
伴隨登陸熱帶氣旋生成的低空東南急流為暴雨輸送了豐富的熱量和水汽，低層增暖增濕促使層結不穩定加劇，而西風帶弱冷空氣的侵入對暖濕空氣具有抬升作用，可觸發對流發展和不穩定能量釋放，導致大暴雨產生。As we all know, the hydration of concrete is a radiative process, which might lead to emergence of, cracks in the early age of concrete while the heat cumulated exhales. thus great disadvantage may be engendered as far as seepage prevention, erode resisting and the whole structure maintaining are concerned
因為水泥的水化作用是一個放熱的過程，它所產生的熱量在冷卻過程中可能導致早期混凝土中溫度裂縫的出現，這對水工結構的防滲、抗沖及保持結構的整體性是極為不利的。Examinations of steady status and analysis of dynamic experiments have been conducted on band - tube evaporator and parallel - flow condenser using r134a refrigerant. the steady examination show that the model error was under the allowable error, the inlet mass and enthalpy disturb experiments indicate that the subsection model, be good at reflecting the change of parameters of the heat exchanger, accord with the basic principle of thermodynamics theory and the actual work status. hence, the subsection simulation model research has important benefits both on theory and engineering application
在進行模擬試驗時，以使用r134a作製冷劑的管帶式蒸發器和平行流式冷凝器為對象，完成了穩態模擬計算、試驗和動態模擬分析，穩態計算結果和試驗數據對比表明，其誤差在允許范圍內；進口質量和焓值的擾動試驗結果表明：本文所建的區段式換熱器模擬模型，能很好的反映換熱器性能參數的動態變化，與系統熱動力學理論和冷凝器、蒸發器的實際工作過程基本一致。The results indicate that soil water moves from the warm end to the cool end in both gaseous and aqueous phases under temperature gradient, which causes changes of matric po
研究表明，在溫度勢梯度影響下土壤水分以液態和汽態兩種狀態從暖端向冷端遷移，從而引起暖端基質勢的相應改變，導致水分在兩種勢梯度交互作用下逐漸達到平衡。Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction
目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究For proper use of the cold fogger, it is essential to follow the instructions in the operation manual that comes along with the machine. regarding precautionary measures, it is similar to those for thermal fogging except that it does not cause visibility hazard for motorists
要適當使用冷噴霧器，必須遵照機器隨附操作手冊的指示。至於施放冷噴霧時的預防措施，大致與熱噴霧法相似，然而冷噴霧法不會妨礙駕車人士的視線，減少意外發生。Firstly, subtropical high center lay to the north than usual, and forms a blocking high in combination with land high in eastern asia. secondly, on account of the strong southwest current which occurred at the west side of the subtropical high and dynamic effect of the typhoon itself, the landing northward tropical cyclone ( 9711 ) landed in liaoning again. thirdly, a trough with some weak air from ural mountain and the northeast cold air entering into the tropical cyclone showed that the systems in different latitudes had some effects each other
模擬結果表明：此次熱帶風暴造成遼寧全省大暴雨的天氣背景是：副熱帶高壓偏北並與大陸高壓疊加，構成了穩定的東亞阻塞形勢； 9711臺風減弱的熱帶風暴，在其自身內力和副高西側的強盛偏南氣流引導下，持續北上並在遼寧營口至盤錦之間登陸；從烏拉爾山冷堆分裂南下出的弱冷空氣不斷南下，與熱帶風暴在遼寧產生了相互作用，增強了上升運動，致使大暴雨出現。In this paper ， first, the author drew some important conclusions by analyzing several technical factors and experimental conditions which would have great influence on the quality of diamond thin films during mpcvd process ， including gas proportion ， the power of microwave ， the plasma ' s location, the nucleation technique, etc. finally ， the author has successfully deposited nanocrystalline diamond thin films with 300nm crystal particles on the slick surface of silicon by using ch4 / h2 gases in the mpcvd system ， and the nanocrystalline diamond thin films was proved to have good field emission performance. all these researches will make the foundation for the field emission cathode of diamond films
本論文中，作者分析了mpcvd方法中氣源成分比、微波功率、等離子體球的位置、成核技術等各種工藝條件對金剛石薄膜質量的影響，並總結得到了一些有意義的結論；同時，在自行研製的mpcvd沉積系統上，於4 - 7kpa 、 1000左右的熱力學條件下，採用ch4 / h2氣源氣氛在光滑的硅襯底上制備出了晶粒尺寸在300納米以下的納米晶金剛石薄膜，測試得到了較好的薄膜場致電子發射性能，為金剛石薄膜場致發射冷陰極的研究工作打下了實驗基礎。The third part is the analysis to uprightness instability condition. it is made that there was the ascending air current about shenyang, the hailstone forming height is between 700hpa and 400hpa, die water vapor coagulating height is between 950hpa and 900hpa from the simulated tlogp evolvement chart. cape is in favor of severe convection development
干濕空氣間強的風垂直切變是此次冰雹強對流爆發的又一個重要觸發機制，強冷空氣到達地面強迫暖濕空氣抬升，致使對流層中低層出現強風垂直切變，強風垂直切變對強對流的發生和發展起到了非常重要的作用。1. introduction for the pre - stressed concrete bridges in offshore and cold area, due to the corrosion effect of the corrosive agents in the environment to the structures, the safety of the bridge structures will decline with the service time, and this will affect the normal use of the bridge structures in the residual service time
第一章緒論處于沿海地區及冬季寒冷地區的預應力混凝土橋梁，由於所處環境或冬季所採用的除冰鹽中氯離子的腐蝕作剛，導致結構安全性的降低，使結構不能保證其在後續使用期內的正常使用，造成較大的經濟損失。Analyzing the characters, the thesis believes that the post cold - war international interference coincide with the characters as disaggregation of the bipolar pattern, strengthening of the situation of mutual dependence, cooperation of the entire world and the correspondence of the powers. it contains more rational elements and plays a positive role, but its negative elements abound because of the hegemony and power politics
在分析特徵的同時，筆者認為，冷戰后的國際干預與兩極格局解體、相互依存態勢增強、整個世界出現合作與大國協調特徵相一致，所蘊含的理性因素大大增加，發揮了積極作用，但由於霸權主義、強權政治的影響，其消極因素也大量存在。Meanwhile, we proved that the major factor that determines the distribution of plants in china is the primary productivity. the cold index ( the lowest temperature ) plays a more important role than the highest temperature and the annual mean temperature in restricting the diversity of plants
Dcca和cca排序也顯示了和dca一致的結果，同時證明，決定中國陸地植物多樣性分佈格局的環境因素主要是初級生產力，而寒冷指數（即低溫）對多樣性的限製作用要大於高溫和年均溫的作用。分享友人