落差法 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [làchāfǎ]
落差法
英文
fall method-
And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results
接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。English, french, spanish, portugese, georges, and louises, doubloons and double guineas and moindores and sequins, the pictures of all the kings of europe for the last hundred years, strange oriental pieces stamped with what looked like wisps of string or bits of spider s web, round pieces and square pieces, and pieces bored through the middle, as if to wear them round your neck - nearly every variety of money in the world must, i thin, have found a place in that collection ; and for number, i am sure they were like autumn leaves, so that my back ached with stooping and my fingers with sorting them out
其中有英國的金基尼雙基尼，法國的金路易，西班牙的杜布，葡萄牙的姆瓦多，威尼斯的塞肯，有最近一百年歐洲各國君主的頭像，有古怪的東方貨幣，上面像是縷縷細繩張張蛛網有圓的有方的，有中間帶孔的，好像可以串起來掛在脖子上。我估計差不多世界上每一種貨幣都被搜羅全了。至於數量，我相信大概跟秋天的落葉一樣多，我總是彎著腰，手不斷地整理著，一天下來弄得疲憊不堪。The influence of the cloud droplet spectrum character and the spectrum growth and change is considered, which does not use a cut - off value for conversion from cloud water into rain water process. in the continuous coalescence equation, the particles fall velocity difference is not moved out from the integral, but is integrated in the equation as the function of diameter d to avoid the error of using particles average fall velocity. in the new scheme, generation rate of graupel due to the collection of snow by graupel and the collection of cloud ice by graupel are included
雲中凝結核ccn的數濃度採用超幾何函數表示；雲水向雨水的自動轉換過程採用grabowski （ 1999 ）的公式，考慮了雲滴譜的特徵和發展變化對該過程的影響，而不是採用原方案給定閾值的方法描述該過程；對連續碰並方程不再將粒子落速差作為常量提出積分號外，而是直接作為粒子直徑函數在積分號內求解，這樣處理可以迴避使用粒子群的平均落速帶來的誤差；增加了霰和雪、霰和冰晶的碰並微物理過程。The thesis includes three parts : firstly, previous study and latest advance of molecular motor in biology are outlined, including myosin ' s and kinesin ' s construction and function, the latest advance of molecular motor in constructional biology ; secondly, the latest advance of molecular motor in physics is reviewed, including the general view of brownian motor and two examples of molecular motor, one being related to two kinds of flashing potention energy, the other being related to electronical bipole ; and finally, the model on unidirectional motion of molecular motor is in detail come up with, and especially, the interact ion between two heads is taken into account, followed by the construction of langevin equation and fokker - planck equation involved in the model. by using solutions of fokker - planck equation, unidirectional motion mechanism of molecular motor is analyzed
本文內容包括：首先綜述生物學領域分子馬達研究的最新進展，內容安排為：肌球蛋白的結構和功能，驅動蛋白的結構和功能，肌球蛋白和驅動蛋白定向運動機制的結構生物學方面的最新進展；其次綜述並分析了當前研究分子馬達定向運動機制的幾種物理模型，內容安排為：分子馬達運動的基本觀點和建構模型的一般方法，勢壘的兩態漲落誘導的分子馬達運動模型，分子馬達定向運動的偶極子模型；最後討論雙頭相互作用的分子馬達模型，內容安排為：先詳細論述模型的構建，再建立langevin方程和fokker - planck方程，接著用差分的方法求解出fokker - planck方程的解，然後分析和研究分子馬達定向運動的機制。Based on fractional sampling method, a new super - exponential iteration decision feedback blind equalization algorithm for severely nonlinear phase distortion channels was proposed
因此針對嚴重頻率衰落和非線性相位失真通道，提出了一種分數采樣的混合盲均衡演算法，並獲得了較快的收斂速度和較小的剩餘均方誤差。The control system of mould level is crucial to improve the slab quality in the continuous casting process, pid controller is used in the traditional mould level control, and it has some defaults, such as : at the start - up or finishing period of casting or during the changeover of tundish, pid control has a bad effect, its overshoot is large and its transient time is long ; the erosion of the tundish stopper and the submersed nozzles lead to the accuracy of control become bad ; the abrupt falloff of block in the submersed nozzles makes the level acutely fluctuate, and pid control can not overcome the disturbances resulted from the change of casting speed
結晶器液位控制系統是提高連鑄產品質量的關鍵環節，傳統的連鑄機液位控制方法採用常規的pid控制，存在如下不足：開始、結束澆注和換中間罐澆注時，控制效果差，超調量大，過渡時間長；塞棒頭和浸入式水口被腐蝕后引起控制精度差；浸入式水口堵塞物的突然脫落所引起的液位劇烈波動；無法克服拉速波動引起的擾動。However, the gap between the vetch and the poor in our country will not lead to polarization as : first, the socialist system wiped out the foundation for polarization in production relations second, we allow and encourage some people to get rich first, but it does n ' t mean that we encourage people to get rich through illegal ways ; third, to be rich first is not the final goal while common prosperity should be the final goal of socialism
稅收執法漏洞多，稅收手段落後。但是，我國目前的貧富差距不會導致「兩極分化」 。這是因為：第一，社會主義制度從根本上消除了產生兩極分化生產關系的基礎；第二，允許和鼓勵的先富，不是無條件、無原則、不擇手段的先富；第三，先富不是最終目的，全體人民共同富裕才是社會主義的奮斗目標。Turbo codes represent the new code structures, which consist of pccc ( parallel serially convolutional code ) and sccc ( serially concatenated convolutional code ). in this paper, the background of turbo codes are firstly introduced, which includes the base principle of error correction code 、 block code and convolutional code ; the principle of turbo code and the iterative decoding is secondly expanded ; the key decoding algorithm : a revised map algorithm and iterative decoding theory are detailed ; then, a new turbo code structure : hccc ( hybrid concatenated convolutional code ) is presented, and the capacity of this code method is analyzed, the average capacity upper bound is derived ; at last, this code is simulated on awgn ( additive white gaussian noise ) channel and rayleigh fading channel
本文首先介紹了turbo碼的背景知識，包括差錯控制的基本原理、分組碼和卷積碼；然後闡述了turbo碼的基本原理，包括turbo編譯碼器結構及迭代譯碼原理；較為詳細地描述了關鍵的譯碼演算法： ?種改進的最大后驗概率（ map ）譯碼演算法及迭代譯碼演算法；提出了一種新的turbo碼結構：混合turbo碼（混合級聯卷積碼） ；並用編碼性能聯合界分析方法對混合turbo碼進行了性能分析，得出了其平均性能上界；並在高斯白噪聲通道和瑞利衰落通道上分別作了一些應用研究及計算機模擬實驗。Because of the simplicity of differential detection system, we could consider to apply it to the selective fading channels instead of coherent detection
由於差分檢測的簡單易實現性，當通道衰落比較嚴重時，可以考慮採用該方法替代相干檢測。For 2h, the osc and special surface area decreased sharply, meaning a bad thermal stability. the osc and special surface area of the samples prepared by precipitation keep very well after aged, exhibiting a promising thermal resistance. while the samples prepared by dipping method have a much more stable osc at different temperature, that is, they have a good thermal stability
研究表明，採用溶膠?凝膠法制備的樣品在老化前具有最大的儲氧量和比表面積，但經高溫老化后，其儲氧量急劇下降，表現出很差的抗高溫老化性能；採用沉澱法制備的樣品在老化前後，其儲氧量和比表面積降幅最小，有良好的高溫熱穩定性能；採用浸漬法制備的樣品不管老化與否，其儲氧量並不隨著儲氧溫度的改變而大起大落，表現出較好的熱穩定性。It divides the main vegetation of the headwater region of huangpu river into 4 categories based on field survey and observation and methods of factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis and according to the degree of soil and water conservation function : deciduous trees and shrubs are category 1 which shows very strong soil and water conservation function ; tea plantation, grasslands and pine trees are category 2 which has stronger function ; the category 3 is moso bamboos and broadleaved evergreen trees which have stronger permeability and erodibility, but the permeable performance is not outstanding, the capacity of soil moisture storage common and soil and water conservation function moderate and ; the category 4 is uncovered land where the soil and water conservation function is very weak and its permeability, erodibility, erosive resistance and soil moisture storage capacity are all notably smaller than that of the other lands
摘要在野外調查、實測的基礎上，採用因子分析、系統聚類分析的方法，根據土壤層水土保持功能的強弱，將黃浦江源區主要植被類型分為4類：落闊林、灌木林為第一類，表現出很強的水土保持功能；茶園、草地、松林為第二類，土壤水土保持功能較強；毛竹林、常綠闊葉林表現出較強的抗蝕性和抗沖性，但滲透性能並不突出，土壤貯水能力也一般，水土保持功能中等，為第三類；裸露地水土保持性能很差，單獨作為第四類，其滲透性、抗蝕性、抗沖性、土壤水庫容都顯著小於其他各樣地。Using the system designed in this thesis work, flow field calibration of the wind tunnel is accomplished, which covers dynamic pressure drop coefficient, dynamic pressure time stability, axial static pressure gradient, boundary layer, and degree of turbulence, etc. boundary layer measuring principle and method are especially described in detail, the relationship between boundary layer thickness, wind speed setting, and the depth of the experimental section is summarized, and finally the calibration data for th e model center zone under specific wind speed are given
然後利用本文設計的系統完成了落差系數、動壓時間穩定姓、軸向靜壓梯度、邊界層及湍流度等內容的流場校測。特別對邊界層測量的原理及方法做了較詳盡的敘述，總結出邊界層厚度與設定風速、實驗段深度的關系，然後給出模型中心區一定風速下校正數值。As my own studies have advanced ， i have been increasingly impre ed with the functional similarities between i ect and vertebrate societies and le so with the structural differences that seem ， at first glance ， to co titute such an imme e gulf between them
隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對昆蟲和脊椎動物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻，而對結構上的差異印象愈發淡漠，雖然這些結構上的差異初看上去似乎構成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。Direct solution to fall exponent in rating curve analysis
水位流量關系分析中落差指數的直接解算方法The work on seasonal dynamics of litter input and decomposition and the relationship between them and environmental factors was studied through the method of harvest and weight loss. soil respiration rate was measured by alkali - absorption method and the contribution from soil microorganism respiration and from root respiration was determined through trendline method of linear regression between soil respiration rate and belowground biomass. mathematical models were established between the seasonal dynamics of main components of soil total respiration including soil respiration, root respiration, soil microorganism respiration, litter respiration and environmental factors
應用收獲法和重量損失法對枯枝落葉輸入與分解的季節動態及其與環境因子的關系進行了研究；應用靜態氣室法測定了土壤總呼吸和凋落物呼吸，應用土壤呼吸量與地下生物量線性回歸趨勢線法測定了土壤微生物呼吸及根呼吸的貢獻量，運用相關分析法建立了土壤總呼吸、根呼吸、土壤微生物呼吸及其凋落物呼吸季節動態與環境因子之間的數學模型；應用灰色分析比較了兩群落土壤呼吸季節動態產生差異的原因；應用干重換演算法對土壤微生物能量積累量的季節動態進行了測定，建立了土壤微生物能量積累量與環境因子的數學模型；應用系統分析方法，利用分室模型，對兩群落枯枝落葉與微生物之間的能量流動進行了定量測定和穩定性分析。This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage
本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。This research established an estimating model of pinus massoniana stand volume with the elements as variates directly obtained from rs and the conditions of stand that were extracted from 130 samples of pinus massoniana stand from the fifth forest resource continuous investigation data in min - jiang watershed and flitered by the thrice standard deviation method and liner regression method and the correlation coefficient is 0. 735 the suitability and precision of the model were tested and regression analysised with data that were extracted from another 30 samples
摘要從福建省第5次森林資源一類調查落在閩江流域的樣地中抽取馬尾松林樣地130個，以rs可提取因子及樣地林分立地條件因子為可選變量，利用3倍標準差法進行異常數據的篩選，對林分立地條件定性因子進行數量化處理，通過逐步回歸構建閩江流域馬尾松林分蓄積量估測模型，研究結果所構建的蓄積量估測模型的相關系數為0 . 735 。Therefore, how to determine a proper trade - off line of materiality threshold to satisfy both the providers and users of accounting information is a critical subject in this research, because any failure will trigger the " expectation gap ", which may lead to a legal liability on providers of accounting information
然而，這條劃分有限責任的重要性界線應當如何確定，才能同時滿足會計信息供需雙方的需要，是研究重要性判斷時的主要課題。因為劃分不當形成的「期望落差」 ，可能給會計信息提供者帶來法律責任。Based on such background this system brings forward microcomputer monitoring and controlling technique to pvc process in production, researches ipc - plc distributed control system, applies new algorithm of measurement, realizes automatic compensation of dropping of material and automatic amendment of high - speed measurement in the dynamic measurement, improves dynamic measurement precision and speed in pvc continual production. at the same time, this system accomplishes the whole process in airtight pipelines and storehouses, realizes dustless production, clean producing condition, automation, scientific management, meets the demand of modern production, makes some new exploration and creation in production of pvc industry
基於這樣的背景，本論文對pvc塑料生產的整個工序提出計算機監控技術，研製出ipc - plcdcs系統，運用一定的給料演算法，實現系統動態稱量中落差的自動補償與粗流給料設定值的自動修正，提高了pvc連續生產中動態稱量的精度與速度，並將整個生產工藝規劃於密閉管路和各種料倉中進行，實現作業無塵化、環境優化、生產自動化與管理科學化，適應當前現代化生產的需求，為pvc塑料工業的發展作出新的探索與創新。分享友人