表層劑量 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎocéngjìliáng]
表層劑量 英文
skin dose
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 劑 : Ⅰ名詞1 （藥劑; 制劑） a pharmaceutical or other chemical preparation 2 （某些有化學作用的物品） a...
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 表層 : skin layer; superficial coat; veneer; surface; sexine; bloom; supercrust; surface layer表層沉積 [...
  • 劑量 : [物理學] [醫學] dosage; dose; dosis劑量槽 dosage bunker; 劑量測定（法） dosimetry; health work; ...
  1. A method to calculate quantitatively the adsorption volume or adsorption space of per mass of adsorbent derived from both the adsorbed molecule volume and the maximum adsorbance of a solute in an adsorption isotherm under a given experimential condition is presented firstly for a solid / liquid adsorption system of the solute in a dilute aqueous solution. this method is suitable for not only mono - layer adsorption, but also mani - layer adsorption and micelle adsorpion of surfactant constructed by hydrophile and lipophile groups. therefore, the surface concentration of the adsorbate, cs, deduced from the adsorption volume is possessed of the meaning of true concentration, and the value of the patition coefficient of the adsorbate between solid and liquid phass, p, attained by the cs and the c, solution concentration of the adsorbate, can be accurate. the foregoing a set of calculations are presented for the solid - liquid adsorption systems consisted of the wool fiber and separately dodecyltrimethyl - ammonium bromide ( dtab ) and hexadecyltrimethyl - ammonium bromide ( ctab ) in this paper. this provides a strong basis for adsorption thermodynamic investigation of adsorbate

    對稀溶液中溶質的固/液吸附體系，首次提出了根據吸附分子體積和實驗條件下吸附等溫線中的最大吸附量計算單位質量吸附劑的吸附體積或吸附空間的方法.此法適用於單層吸附，也適用於多層吸附和具有親水親油結構的表面活性劑分子的膠團吸附.由此，吸附質的表面相濃度cs具有真實濃度的含義，相應地，計算得到的溶質的固/液分配系數p就有了準確值.分別計算由溴代十二烷基三甲銨（ dtab ）和溴代十六烷基三甲銨（ ctab ）與羊毛纖維構成的液/固體系分配系數等，為溶質吸附的熱力學研究奠定了基礎
  2. The mechanical properties indicated that the improved exfoliation degree of mmts was essential for better properties of the nanocomposites, while the mechanical properties of interc alated nanocomposites were dependent on the structure of the organic modifiers 3

    有機蒙脫土層間有機物含量較高，有利於聚合物插層和mmt片層剝離分散。片層剝離分散程度大，有利於提高復合材料的力學性能；插層型復合材料的力學性能與表面活性劑分子結構有關。
  3. Go still one step further on the traditional antibacterial method of mere cataloes, adopt nanotechnology to incorporate the antibacterial catalyst in the top layer of floor, realize long - efficiency trace release antibacterial factor, reach, sterilize, except that peculiar smell and purify the treble efficiency of air

    在傳統的光觸酶抗菌方法上更進一步，採用納米技術將抗菌催化劑融入地板表層，實現長效微量釋放抗菌因子，達到殺菌、除異味和凈化空氣三重功效。
  4. Wra - fluey ring cleaner, green, the body is of micro - porous type, soft and elastic with special surface structure capable of absorbing flying floss, oil, moisture, and static form rubber roller, ring, dent roller, metal duff, so as to keep up elements clean and dry

    清潔輥絨圈，綠色，本體為微孔層、柔軟富有彈性、表面有峰谷，可吸附膠輥、膠圈，鋸齒羅拉，金屬道夫表面的微量飛花、油劑、水分、靜電質等，從而保持元器件的結晶乾燥。
  5. The chemical compositions of sei films formed on the interfaces of a3000 samples in different electrolytes during the first charging process are mainly li2co3 and lioco2r, but their textures are different. the sei films formed in ec - based electrolytes are thin and compact, which can prevent the solvated lithium ions from cointercalating between two graphene layers of the graphite crystallites effectively, therefore samples a3000 have small irreversible capacities and good compatibilities with this kinds of electrolytes. however, the sei films formed in pc - based electrolytes are thick but defective, which could not effectively prevent solvated lithium ions from intercalation, therefore sample a3000 shows large irreversible capacities in pc - based electrolytes and bad compatibilities with this kind of electrolytes

    A _ （ 3000 ）試樣在六種不同的電解液中，首次充電過程中所形成的sei膜，其化學組分均為碳酸鋰和烷基碳酸鋰，但在ec基電解液中形成的sei膜薄而緻密，可以有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子插入石墨層間，不可逆容量少，表現出與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣有良好的相容性；在pc基電解液中形成的sei膜厚，且有缺陷，不能有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子嵌入試樣中石墨微晶的層間，不可逆容量大，與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣的相容性極差。
  6. During the high - voltage device design, the thick epitaxial layer ldmos which is compatible with current technology was researched. this device used piecewise vld and multiple region structure f reduce field layer. the using of the f reduce field layer effectively reduce the surface electric field of the device, shorten the length of its drift region, enlarge the choice of range of the ion implant dose of the p layer, and effectively restrain the disadvantageously affection on the breakdown voltage of the interface charge qss

    在高壓器件研究中對與現有工藝相兼容厚外延ldmos進行研究，該結構採用分段變摻雜多區p ~ -降場層，有效降低器件的表面電場，縮短器件的漂移區長度，增大p ~ -降場層注入劑量的選擇范圍，並有效地抑制界面電荷qss對器件耐壓的不利影響。
  7. Meanwhile, fundamental principles about electroless tin plating by reducing agent and disproportionation reaction were explained. function of every component in the bath was explained that complexing agent can effectively change the potential of copper and tin, and accelerate the beginning of replacement reaction favorably ; reducing agent can increase the rate of chemical reaction and has the effect of promoting reaction dynamics too ; antioxidant can effectively prevent sn2 + in the bath from being oxidated ; additive agent a can improve the stability of the bath ; additive agent b has such effects as refining and brightening for the tin deposits, and it enlarges the range of brightening section ; additive agent c used as leveling agent can not only make the depostis level off, but also improve the dispersive ability of the bath ; surface - active agent can solve bubble problem which gathered on the surface of the deposits, and improve the surface quality of the deposits and the bath stability

    闡述了鍍液中各組分的作用：絡合劑能有效地改變銅、錫的電位，促使初期的置換反應順利進行；還原劑能加快化學反應速度，對反應動力學有積極的促進作用；抗氧化劑能有效地防止鍍液中sn ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化；添加劑a能提高鍍液的穩定性，添加劑b對鍍層能有細化和光亮作用，擴大了鍍層光亮區的范圍；添加劑c作為平滑劑，不僅能增強鍍層表面的平整性，而且能提高鍍液的分散能力；表面活性劑較好地解決了化學鍍過程中汽泡在鍍件表面聚集的問題，提高了鍍層的表面質量和鍍液的穩定性。
  8. Levels of fasting blood glucose and 24h urinary microcontent of albumin 24 h malb were determined dynamically ; the serum glycosyl hemoglobin hba1c was determined after the last medication ; the ultrastructural changes of kidney were observed by transmission electron microscope ; the expressions of collagen, fibronctin, laminin ln, and the ecm metabolism influencing factors, including mmp2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase timp2, transfer growth factor 1 tgf 1 in renal tissue were detected by immunohistological chemistry and image collecting analytical system

    動態檢測各組大鼠空腹血糖fbg 24h尿微量白蛋白24h malb ，末次給藥后測定大鼠血漿糖化血紅蛋白hba1c透射電鏡觀察各組大鼠腎臟超微結構改變，應用免疫組化技術及圖像採集分析系統測定各組大鼠腎臟組織中型膠原c纖維連接蛋白fn層粘連蛋白ln的表達，測定影響ecm代謝的基質金屬蛋白酶2 mmp2基質金屬蛋白酶抑制劑2 timp2及轉化生長因子1 tgf 1的表達。
  9. The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film

    試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。
  10. With increasing implantation dose, the thickness of the box layer increases while that of the si over - layer decreases. the thickness of the si over - layer is dependent of the ion energy

    通過調節注入能量可獲得所需要的不同表層硅厚度的soi結構材料，但為獲得高質量的soi材料，注入能量需要和注入劑量有合適的匹配。
  11. The soi is of crystal quality and the box is uniform in thickness, with the interfaces of si / sioa / si smooth and sharp. we have systematically studied the dependence of the formed soi structure on the process parameters, such as ion energy, implantation dosage, substrate temperature, as well as the annealing temperature. with xtem, sims, srp, rbs, ir, raman, aes, xps and other characterization tools, it was found that a dose window at fixed energy for water plasma ion implantation to form high quality soi structure similar to the conventional simox process exists

    本論文還系統地研究了不同注入劑量、注入能量、注入時基底溫度以及退火溫度對所形成soi結構性能的影響，藉助xtem 、 sims 、 srp 、 rbs 、 ie 、 raman 、 aes 、 xps等測試分析手段，我們發現，與傳統注氧隔離（ simox ）技術類似，存在著「劑量窗口」形成優質的soi材料，但在水等離子體離子注入方式中soi材料結構質量對劑量變化更為敏感，隨著注入劑量的增大， soi材料的埋層厚度增大而表層硅厚度減小。
  12. The results were shown as follows : ( 1 ) the electrolyte components for electroplating pb - sn coatings in fluoborate system were studied. the effects of concentrations of main salt, dissociative acid, inhibitor, antioxidation and surfactant on the cathode polarization curves of electroplating pb, sn and pb - sn alloys and contents of alloying element were investigated systematically. the scale of current density was confirmed using hull cell

    （ 1 ）研究了氟硼酸體系電鍍pb - sn合金鍍層的電解液組成，詳細討論了主鹽濃度、游離酸濃度以及阻化劑、抗氧化劑、表面活性劑等添加劑對氟硼酸體系電沉積pb 、 sn及pb - sn合金陰極極化曲線的影響和對pb - sn合金鍍層中合金含量的影響。
  13. Use of mineral silicate as adsorbent in wastewater treatment is studied, which refers to its modification with different methods in order to improve the adsorption ability

    摘要國內外許多學者對硅酸鹽吸附劑進行了改性研究，通過增大吸附劑的比表面積、改變表面化學性質、增強離子交換能力以及擴大層間間距等來提高吸附劑對污染物的吸附量。
  14. Sige simox : oxygen ions with high dose were implanted into sige grown directly on silicon substrate for the first time, and sige - oi novel structure was formed successfully with additional high temperature annealing ; it has been confirmed that oxygen implantation with 45kev, 3 1017cm - 2 and annealing at 12500c in ar + 5 % o2 for 5 hours, are fit for the formation of sige - oi structure ; ge loss during the high temperature annealing has been observed, which is originated from ge volatility and ge diffusion ; it has been proposed to use nanoporous layer induced by h + / he + implantation to surppress ge diffusion and to use surface oxidation to overcome the upper limit of sige simox. sige smart - cut : hydrogen ions were implanted into sige material and followed by high temperature process ( 4000c to 7000c ) ; blistering study was done and suggested the possibility of sige layer transfer by smart - cut technology ; it is concluded that the bubble formation is easier in sige than in si, and the strain in sige / si and the difference of binding energy in sige and in si could possibly contribute to this effect. behavior of sige / si implanted with hydrogen : gave a detailed study on sige implanted by beamline or phi hydrogen implantation ; it has been found that great strain is introduced into sige by hydrogen implantation and this strain could be alleviated by high temperature annealing ; both for conditional beamline implantation and piii hydrogen implantation, 600 is appropriate for the post - implantation treatment

    Sige - simox工藝方面：首次採用硅（ 100 ）襯底上直接外延的100nm厚sige的樣品中注入高劑量的o離子，通過退火處理成功制備了sige - oi新結構，即sige - simox工藝，證實了以45kev注入3 10 ~ （ 17 ） 7cm ~ （ - 2 ）劑量的氧離子，隨后在氧化層的保護下經1250 ， ar + 5 o _ 2氣氛的高溫退火（ 5小時）過程，可以制備出sige - oi新型材料；實驗中觀察到退火過程中的ge損失現象，分析了其原因是ge揮發（ ge通過表面氧化層以geo揮發性物質的形式進入退火氣氛）和ge擴散（ ge穿過離子注入形成的氧化埋層而進入si襯底中） ，其中ge擴散是主要原因；根據實驗結果及實驗中出現的問題，對下一步工作提出兩個改進的方案：一是通過在si襯底中注入適量h ~ + / he ~ +形成納米孔層來阻斷ge擴散通路，二是可以通過控製表面氧化來調節安止額士淤丈撈要表面sige層中的ge組分，從而部分解決sige
  15. The patch delivers medication intradermally ? just below the surface of the skin ? and enables precise control of dosage timing, access to dosage history, patient activation mechanisms and inherent safety protocols for preventing adverse drug interactions

    該貼劑通過皮下施藥-恰好位於皮膚表層之下-可以做到精確地定時定量給藥，可以獲取給藥歷史，帶有患者激活機制以及防止藥物相互作用的內在安全性設計。
  16. The technique of water conservation in gneiss area of tai - hang mountain : on the facet of water conservation measure, four sorts of water conservation measures can all improve the soil water content. the result of straw mulch is best, using water holding agent in soil and plastic mulch are better, stone mulch is worse. four sorts of water conservation measures all improve the physical character of surface layer soil

    太行山片麻巖區保水技術：在保水措施方面：四種保水措施均能提高土壤含水量，秸稈覆蓋的效果最好，土施保水劑和地膜覆蓋的效果其次，石塊覆蓋的效果較差；四種保水措施使表層土壤的物理性狀均有一定改善，使土壤容重降低、孔隙度和土壤飽和含水量增加。
  17. The formulae that didn " t contain fluorine had low rates of corrosion, high stability and easy operation and had distinct improvement in coating quality, surplus of chromium, saving electricity and energy and environmental protection etc. when they were compared with the commercial additive of wr - 1 and the electrolyte formula of fenghui galvanization plant, the results showed that the effect of chromium plating of the formulae obtained in this study are more excellent

    所研製的配方，不含氟、腐蝕率低，穩定性好，易操作，在鍍層質量、節鉻、節電、節能、環境保護諸方面都有明顯的改善，並將其與市售的wr 1添加劑和淬惠電鍍廠鍍鉻效果進行了對比，結果表明本研究得到的配方鍍鉻效果更優良。
  18. The reason was that pma was linear polymer and that the incompatibility of pdms and pma leaded microphase separation. additional, xps analyzed the three kinds of elements in surface and interior of ipn, the results indicated that the content of the elements c, si and 0 were misdistribution and different in surface as well as in interior of ipn. the reason was the poor compatibility of pdms and pma, and found that amount of initiator and the reaction rate effected the distribution

    另外，本論文還通過xps電子能譜儀對工pn材料的表層和內層的化學元素c 、 51 、 o進行分析，發現表層與內層中的三種元素的含量並不相同，也沒有規律可循，說明在形成ipn結構過程中，由於兩相相容性不一致，它們的微運動趨向于兩相分離，同時發現引發劑用量和反應速度對元素分佈影響較大。
  19. This thesis focuses on the study of the layered lithium nickel - based oxides as catho de materials lithium - ion batteries, the main aspects follow : 1 study on the synthesis and properties of linixco1 - xo2 by the sol - gel method compared with solid - state method, sol - gel method enjoys the advantage of lower calcining temperature and small uniform particle size of products. after the xrd measurement, it was shown that the single - phase layered compound can be prepared in sintering temperature of 750 for 6 ~ 8 hours. the sintering temperature, the properties and the amounts of doping materials can all affect the product ' s phase, and its structure ( lattice parameter, crystal phase distance )

    本論文的研究工作主要集中在作為鋰離子電池正極材料的層狀鋰鎳基氧化物上，包括以下幾個方面： 1溶膠凝膠法（ sol - gel ）合成lini _ xco _ （ 1 - x ） o _ 2的研究與固相合成法相比，溶膠凝膠法合成lini _ xco _ （ 1 - x ） o _ 2煅燒溫度低，產物顆粒均勻一致，經過xrd的測試過后，結果表明750下燒結6 8小時，即可得到單相產物；燒結溫度，摻雜劑的種類及摻雜劑量均對產物物相的形成產生影響，並對產物的結構產生影響。
  20. The coating adhesion was detected by scribe - grid test and thermal shock test. the morphology of the coating was charactered by metallographic microscopy and sem. the research results of the experiments show that : 1

    研究結果表明: 1 .採用草酸酸洗、堿性活化、配合劑鉀鹽浸鋅液浸鋅的前處理獲得的后鍍層質量高。
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