表現管理工具 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎoxiànguǎnlǐgōngjù]
表現管理工具 英文
performance management tool
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 現 : Ⅰ名詞1 （現在; 此刻） present; now; current; existing 2 （現款） cash; ready money Ⅱ副詞（臨時; ...
  • 管 : Ⅰ名詞1 （管子） pipe; tube 2 （吹奏的樂器） wind musical instrument 3 （形狀似管的電器件） valve;...
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 工 : Ⅰ名詞1 （工人和工人階級） worker; workman; the working class 2 （工作; 生產勞動） work; labour 3 ...
  • 表現 : 1 （所顯露的行為或作風等） expression; representation; manifestation; show; behaviour; conduct 2 ...
  • 管理 : manage; run; administer; supervise; rule; administration; management; regulation
  1. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. The paper indicates that, on the premise of the reform of property rights, the choice of modes of establishing a healthy credit system in china should follow the way of marketing. therefore a lot of work remains to be done such as opening credit inquiry data, founding the data base, establishing a scientific credit rating system, forming a credit punitive mechanism, etc. the bank should also play its role in the establishment by perfecting the existing credit management system, forming an effective credit risk precaution mechanism, and carrying out the work of interior credit rating

    關於我國信用制度的具體建設，研究表明：在產權改革的前提下，我國信用制度建設的模式選擇應走市場化的道路，必須做好開放徵信數據、建立數據庫、制定科學的評級指標體系、建立失信懲罰機制等多方面工作，並且要完善銀行現有的信貸管理體制，建立有效的銀行信用風險防範機制，開展銀行內部資信評級工作，發揮銀行的作用。
  4. It was completed in september 2003. consultants were hired to help develop common tools for specific core areas, including management audit, output costing methodology, hrm - core competencies, hrm performance management system and hrm - reward system. the 2nd joint bip started in january 2004, with 26 participating ngos to develop management tools through consultancy service in four areas, namely : management audit, output costing methodology, competency - based performance management system, and performance measurement and management system

    本會負責項目管理，並聘用專業顧問服務，協助機構發展有關的管理系統及措施，以及發展通用工具。第二期於2004年1月開始，共有26間機構參與，透過顧問服務開發四項管理工具，包括管理審計、輸出成本計演算法、人力資源管理、機構表現量度及管理。
  5. In the method of combing theory and practice, the thesis analyzes the manifestations of students " deviated behavior and their negative influence on students. after exploring the possible causes of deviated behavior, the thesis puts forward some concrete remedies : the nation should strengthen the supervision and the management of computer networks ; middle schools should effectively manage, guide and educate their students ; teachers should be quick in improving and broadening their knowledge and pay more attention to the psychology of their students ; parents should supervise their children well

    本文採用理論聯系實際的方法，在界定網路偏差行為的基礎上，指出了網路偏差行為的表現及其對中學生所產生的危害性，並從多角度分析了產生網路偏差行為的原因，最後闡述了具體的對策：國家要加強對計算機網路的監督和管理；學校應加強對學生的管理、教育和引導；教師應加速知識的更新和提升，並注重對中學生進行心理教育，開展心理咨詢；家長應切實做好對孩子的監護工作等，多管齊下，齊抓共管，共同促進中學生身心的健康發展。
  6. The main parts of this paper is now be showed in the following : 1 ) the development for the compiling of the schedule had been finished 2 ) the realization of the management function for the schedule system, the base managements can be processed with the management tools. 3 ) the data taken and expressed from the drawing layout system, in the schedule system. 4 ) the data transfer from the schedule system to the drawing layout system

    本文的研究工作主要包括以下幾個方面： 1 ）適合電廠工程的進度計劃編制功能的開發完成; 2 ）實現電廠工程的施工進度計劃管理功能，可以利用施工進度計劃編制系統的管理工具對施工進度計劃進行基本的管理； 3 ）實現在施工進度計劃定製系統中對施工平面布置系統中的數據的讀取和表達； 4 ）完成施工進度計劃數據向施工平面布置系統的傳送。
  7. Now we have the small and medium - sized business of representative for a company ' s electromechanical profession in homeland, the manpower resource management present situation investigation analysis, discover the program of the manpower resource of a company ’ s recruit 、 training 、 effect check and salary reward system have many problems : the function of a company ' s manpower resource management is as follows, the company ’ s management is the experience of each department class cadre of straight line, especially lacks effect check system ; employees lack competitive consciousness, lacking actuating pressure, the employees lose initiatives gradually ; the manpower resource management of a company is confined to only somewhat daily recruit, salary capital calculation provide wait for general affairs, manpower resource management is not obvious for strategic influence as well as and strategic connection

    在筆者對a公司這樣一個在國內機電行業具有代表性的中小型企業的人力資源管理現狀進行調查分析后，發現a公司的人力資源的規劃、招聘、培訓、績效考核及薪酬體系存在很多問題： a公司人力資源管理的功能不足，甚至缺失；公司以各直線部門班幹部的經驗化管理為主，尤其缺乏績效考核體系；員工普遍缺乏競爭意識，缺乏工作壓力，由於缺乏績效評估，沒有有效的激勵，干好乾壞差不多，員工逐漸失去進取心； a公司的人力資源管理只限於一些日常的招聘、薪資計算發放等事務，人力資源管理對戰略的影響以及和戰略的聯系都不明顯。
  8. Re - examining the fields of college students management from the point of lawfulness, we find the problems existed unneglectable, whose main manifestation is that it is a common phenomenon to intrude on the students ’ lawful rights in college students management work, for example : actual inequality exists in the work of enrolling college students ; the school dismiss students freely, and intrude on the students ’ rights of being educated ; disrespect the students ’ privacy, and intrude on the students ’ personality rights ; impose fines and collect fees freely, and intrude on the students ’ property rights ; some problems exist in the standard and procedures of evaluating students, and intrude on the students ’ just evaluation rights ; manage and punish students subjectively and randomly without considering procedures, which makes the students ’ appealing rights and lawsuit rights could not be used effectively, and intrude on the students ’ procedural rights ; intrude on the other rights laid down by the students ’ laws and regulations

    以法治的眼光重新審視高校學生管理領域，其中存在的問題不容忽視。主要表現為在高校學生管理工作中侵犯學生合法權益現象較為普遍，具體包括:高校學生錄取工作中存在著事實上的不平等，學校恣意開除學生，侵犯學生受教育權;不尊重學生隱私，侵犯學生人格權;亂罰款，亂收費，侵犯學生財產權;高校對學生評價的標準、程序方面存在著一些問題，侵犯學生公正評價權;管理處分學生主觀隨意，缺乏程序，學生申訴權、訴權不能有效行使，侵犯學生程序性權利;侵犯學生法律法規規定的其它權利。
  9. It includes : dynamic show of technics flow, real time data acquirement and show, history data save and print, fault alarm, etc. the plc control system mainly accomplishes the wastewater technics flow control, harmonizes the logical relationship among local intelligent control instruments and transmits the state of each local equipment to the industrial computer simultaneously, the plc control station receives the control commands from the industrial computer ; the local intelligent units take charge of the correlated parameters measure, disposal and control, and it will transmit the related parameters to the computer, etc. in this thesis, introduced municipal wastewater treatment technics, the integrated application program development of computer, the design method of plc control station, the communication between plc control system and computer, and the network of wastewater treatment with profibus - dp was also discussed

    上位計算機主要實現遠程監測和管理功能，具體包括:工藝流程動態顯示、實時數據獲得及顯示、歷史數據存儲與列印、故障報警等功能plc控制系統主要完成工藝流程式控制制以及協調現場各智能儀表之間的邏輯關系，將現場各設備的運行狀態通過通訊網路傳輸到上位計算機，並接收上位計算機的控制指令;現場各智能儀表單元負責各相關參數的監測和處理、控制，並將有關參數送往上位監控計算機進行處理、保存等。本文以莎車污水處理項目為例，介紹了城市污水處理工藝、上位監控計算機的綜合應用程序開發、城市污水處理自動控制系統plc控制站的設計和採用profibus系列中廣泛應用於現場設備的profibus - dp總線。
  10. It also gave a reference federation model of the satellite passing data analysis simulation application ; 2, by using a tool named kd - rti, it constructed this simulation system based on hla, and realized the simulating function of the system in the condition of local net ; 3, it realized the output of the satellite data report in stk by connecting the output module of stk with rti, and makes the whole federation run synchronically ; 4, in allusion to the magnitude calculation module of the satellite at present, it realizes initially the dating calculation of the exact size of the magnitude when the satellite passes territory ; 5, it finished the data - writing, data - keeping and data - analyzing when the satellite pass territory simulate, it also concluded a reference data - analyzing report for the operators according to the outcome of the analysis

    3 、通過衛星工具包軟體stk介面模塊stk / connect和rti的連接，實現了stk中衛星數據報告的輸出，並且通過hla的管理控制機制達到了對stk場景推進的控制，使其和整個聯邦運行同步。 4 、針對目前衛星的星等計算模型進行了研究，初步實現了對衛星過境時星等大小的估算。 5 、完成了對衛星過境模擬時的軌道數據的實時記錄、保存和分析，對分析結果給出了能夠給實際操作人員提供參考的各種數據分析報告和數據圖表。
  11. There must be a marine casualty happened every 4 days before 1984, the amount of marine casualty happened at this area corresponds to 1 / 7 amount of the whole changjiang " marine casualty, so mariners gave it a name as " mouth of tiger ". due to the specific geographical condition and the extremely representative vessel traffic management of changjiang yingongzhou channel section, many intelligent people began researching and practicing the vessel traffic management of this changjiang " s down - stream complicated channel section from 1980s, at dec 15th 1984 the authority at that time - changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously ; up to the last years of 1980s ministry management administration applied traffic control on changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously, up to the last years of 1980s ministry of communications assigned shanghai marine college, shanghai ship & shipping research institute and changjiang harbor superintendence administration to make feasibility demonstrate about modern vts of zhenjiang traffic control section ; in 1990 dasha radar station which is the first radar vts station with inner river was finished, groped a new way for applying modern radar traffic control of vessel traffic management ; in 1997 the vtms of changjiang " s down - stream from nanjing to liuhekou was completed with connecting net and came into operation formally, meanwhile the signals of dasha radar station were conveyed to vts center by light cable, and then united applying vessel traffic management upon the whole authorized area ; in jun 2001 jiangsu msa made changjiang yingongzhou channel section as the first experimental group of creating " civilized, safe, passable channel activity, updating dasha radar antenna and receive - transmitter building closed - circuit television monitor system, setting uo safety warning board, starting navigational route reformation, carrying out united construction

    1984以前這里平均每四天就發生一起海損事故，事故數占整個長江的1 7 ，被行船人稱為「老虎口」 。長江尹公洲航段緣其極為特殊的地理區位條件和極具代表性的船舶交通管理，從上個世紀八十年代初就有識之士開始了這個長江下游最復雜航段的船舶交通管理探索和實踐。 1984年11月15日當時的長江航政管理局在長江尹公洲水域率先施行交通管制；到八十年代末交通部委託上海海運學院、上海船舶研究所和長江港監局聯合開展鎮江交通管制段建立現代化交管系統的可行性論證； 1990年大沙雷達站? ?內河第一座雷達交管站建成，摸索實施現代化雷達交管的船舶交通管理新途徑； 1997年長江下游南京至瀏河口船舶交通管理系統建成聯網投入正式運行，同時將大沙交管雷達信號通過光纜傳輸至交管中心，統一實施全轄區船舶交通管理； 2001年6月江蘇海事局將長江尹公洲航段作為第一批創建「文明平安暢通航段」活動試點航段，更新大沙雷達天線和收發機，著手閉路工業電視監控系統建設，設立安全警示牌，啟動航路改革，開展聯合「共建」 。
  12. The modern retail trade develops changes with each new day, when the civil air defense, the video frequency monitoring ordinary guards against damages the management method starts to display narrow and cramped, when the stealing japan zhejiang method wise specialized is highly effective, the eas system the important management tool which guards against as the thing, rapidly is listed as each big retail trade to sell the field to guard against damages the management the necessary facility

    現代零售業發展日新月異，當人防、視頻監控普通的防損管理手段開始表現出狹隘和局促時，當盜竊者日浙手段高明專業高效時， eas系統作為物防的重要管理工具，迅速被列為各大零售業賣場防損管理的必備設施。
  13. Pile ng examination of the system based on the latest promulgated by the ministry of public security, " motor vehicle drivers license application and management " ( decree 71 ), the two examination subjects ( zhuangkao ), computer images using real - time detection technology and electronic infrared optical interface detection technology, i combine the companies creating two - dimensional moving object identification and tracking software through acquisition of vehicles running state examination pile pole, the signal line, after computer processing, analysis and judgment, the actual realization of the computer monitor screen on the basis of the examination process real - time simulation, tracking examination candidates track and record car line, is set admission, examination results published combines the real modernization zhuangkao tools

    本系統依據公安部最新頒布的《機動車駕駛證申領及管理規定》 （ 71號令）中有關科目二考試（樁考）的規定，採用微機圖象實時檢測處理技術及電子紅外線光界面檢測技術，結合我公司獨創的二維移動物體識別跟蹤軟體，通過採集考試車輛運行狀態、樁桿、庫線等信號，經過微機處理、分析判斷，真正實現了在微機監視屏上根據考試過程實時模擬、跟蹤考生考車軌跡並記錄路線，是集錄取、考試、發表成績為一體的真正的現代化樁考工具。
  14. ( 5 ) user management system is built by asp technology on the server - side. user ' s register and logging is accepted and the user permission for different group is designed ( program files referred to appendix 1 ) ; the connection between web server and plastic die material database system realized by ado, odbc technology, which will guarantee the mutual information transportation between the database system and different terminals ; ( 6 ) further study of expert system is discussed and the implementing reasoning base on plastics mould material selection neural networks is put forward and key problems is also discussed. according to the requirements of sustainability, extended knowledge frame of mould selection and track algorithm meeting the requirements of dynamics, history, structuralism, illegibility, unintegrity and uncertainty are verified and corresponding examples are also put forward

    （ 3 ）通過ado 、 odbc技術實現web服務器與塑料模具材料數據庫系統的連接，從而保證了塑料模具材料數據庫系統和各終端之間信息的雙向傳遞； （ 4 ）在服務器端利用asp技術建立塑料模具材料遠程選擇優化專家系統交互界面，通過標準數據庫查詢語言，客戶能對數據庫中的塑料模具材料信息進行查詢（程序文件列表參見附錄1 ） ；廣東丁業人學1學m學位淪義門）在服務器端利用sp技術建立用戶管理系統，接受用戶的注冊、登錄消求，為不同等級的用戶設定相應的權限（程序文件列表參見附錄1 ） ； （ 6 ）討論了進一步完善該專家系統所需做的工作，提出塑料模具選材神經網路批理的實現方案，並對其中的關鍵問題進行了討論：按照可持續發展的要求，對擴展的模具選材知識框架、滿足動忐性、歷史性、結構性、模糊性、個大根性、不硯定性等需求的跟蹤演算法進行了論證並給出計算示例。
  15. Based on the three layer architecture technology, the platform system is developed by microsoft visual studio. net, and it realizes the operating module on database based on component technique of ado. net interface ; sql server 2000 is as the database management system, defines some key tables of database, designs an realizes the functions of appending, querying and renewing services, such as the organization, personnel, production, project and information issue of the scientific research management, respectively in the research part of ispssrm ’ s development, it first analyzes inadequacies and technological difficulties of the original edition of ispssrm, then discusses the problem of dealing with diagonal line, the combination of multi - table, the design of query on dynamic tables, and the web report forms, and the extension of the service function such as the applying and estimating in web, and finally proposes the concept to extend the function of ispssrm

    Net開發工具，基於三層結構技術實現了web業務功能模版;基於ado . net介面的組件方式實現了數據庫訪問操作，在數據存儲層使用sqlserver2000作為后臺數據庫管理系統，定義了數據庫關鍵表;設計實現了科研管理的機構、人員、成果、項目、信息發布、維護等業務的添加、查詢、更新功能。在ispssrm的發展研究部分，首先分析了ispssrm原型系統的不足之處及存在的技術難題，探討了動態表格的斜線處理、多表合併、查詢設計及web的列印問題以及網上申報、評審功能模塊等業務功能的拓展，提出了擴展ispssrm的功能的思路。 ispssrm現已經在蘇州大學科研處投入試運行，為高校的科研管理信息化建設、提高科研管理水平提供了一個切實可行的方案。
  16. The risk estimation of the exposure to market risks as the risk - management ' s core, there are many risk - management models of estimating the risk of financial markets, in this paper, the author first analyses the characteristics of the current financial market risks, then makes a comprehensive systematic analysis and estimation of all kinds of risks present in financial market with the help of var ( value at risk ), a world - wide valuably and widely accepted brand - new risk management tools. finally, a substantive suggestion about the applications of var models to the financial markets risk management of our country is provided on the basis of the detailed analysis of the calculation of all kinds of var models, along with their advantages and disadvantages and also the applications. with the development and betterment of our country ' s security markets, the entry into wto and openness of financial market, financial product innovation and extensions of traditional bank off - balance business, the augmentation of market risks will surely lead to risk management innovation and identity to international standards. therefore, the research of financial market risk management signifies a lot not only in a realistic sense, also in a guideline sense. this is just where this paper aims

    針對金融市場風險管理的核心主要是對風險的測量，本文先分析了當前金融市場風險的特點，然後應用近年來在國際上受到廣泛重視並開始為大家所接受的一種全新的風險管理工具? 「在險價值」 （ valueatrisk ） var的基本思想，全面、系統地分析和測量了金融市場所存在的各種風險，並對各種var基本模型的計算、優缺點及應用作了詳細分析，最後對var模型在我國金融市場風險管理的應用提出了實質性的建議。隨著我國證券市場的發展壯大和不斷完善，及加入wto和金融市場的開放，金融產品的創新及傳統銀行表外業務的不斷拓寬，市場風險的加大必將帶來風險管理的創新並同國際接軌。所以金融市場風險管理的研究不僅具有現實意義，更具有指導意義實，這也是論文的出發點所在。
  17. Performance management tool

    表現管理工具
  18. The annual performance incentive award is intended to provide a management tool for continuous improvements in hospital services. granting of the award in each year is subject to an annual performance assessment by an assessment panel

    每年給予醫管局行政總裁、聯網行政總監和醫院行政總監的工作表現獎勵金，旨在為醫管局提供一個能不斷改善醫院服務的管理工具。
  19. Compared with others, investment fund, an innovation in finance, shows off such aspects as innovation in management mechanism, innovation in funds operating manner, innovation in risk management, innovation in financing means and innovation in equity creation and so on

    相對于其它金融工具而言，投資基金作為一種金融創新表現：管理機制創新、資金運作方式創新、風險管理創新、融資手段創新和股權創造創新等方面。
  20. Based on analyzing the main characters and the limited aspects of many software testing management tools in existence, regarding the requirement of many domestic software companies, the author researched and developed a software testing management tool, which includes such characters as listing under : ( 1 ) testing running process management, separating the static information and dynamic information of the testing cases to manage the running process of the testing cases, supporting iterative testing and regressive testing ; ( 2 ) providing the individual setting of the classified properties of bug and testing case, which user can define in according to their requirements, and then providing corresponding querying and statistic functions ; ( 3 ) testing progress plan management, setting testing milestone and management check point to manage the testing progress plan ; ( 4 ) testing task management, using tier structure to express task ' s relationship, supporting task cooperative management based on work flow, monitoring the task ' s time, cost and performance during the whole process ; ( 5 ) testing evaluation, using testing cover rate and bug reports to evaluate a test

    本文分析了現有的軟體測試管理工具的主要特點和局限性，結合國內從事軟體開發的組織的實際需求，提出了一個具有下列技術特色的軟體測試管理工具： （ 1 ）測試運行管理，通過將測試用例的靜態信息和動態信息分離來進行測試用例運行的管理，為重復測試、回歸測試管理提供支持； （ 2 ）軟體缺陷和測試用例的分類屬性值的定製功能，使用戶可以根據自身組織的管理要求進行自定義，根據定製提供相應的分類查詢、統計等處理功能； （ 3 ）測試進度計劃管理，通過設定測試里程碑和管理檢查點來對測試進度計劃進行管理； （ 4 ）測試任務管理，使用層次結構表達任務的結構關系，提供基於工作流的任務協同管理，全過程監測任務的時間、成本和績效； （ 5 ）測試評價，通過測試覆蓋和缺陷報告等方法來進行測試評價。
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