表面變硬 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎomiànbiànyìng]
表面變硬 英文
case hardening
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 硬 : 形容詞1 （堅硬） hard; stiff; tough 2 （剛強; 堅定; 強硬） strong; firm; tough; obstinate 3 （勉...
  • 表面 : surface; superficies; boundary; face; rind; sheet; skin; outside; appearance
  1. The benefits include a high resistance to corrosion which prevents rust, a resistance to high temperatures, long term durability and a bright, easily maintained surface providing for a modern and attractive appearance

    不銹鋼飾品在近年逐漸流行，它抗腐蝕耐高溫硬度高，表面不會因為環境發生變化，長期佩戴都能夠保持光澤與平滑。
  2. The result shows that with the addition of rare earth elements, ultrasonic irradiation and magnetic field, the chemical component, surface configuration, microstructure and properties of electroless co - ni - b and co - fe - b alloy changes remarkably. such kind of change can be described as the followings. firstly the depositing speed of electroless alloy bath is raised while the polarizability and cathodic overpotential are reduced ; secondly the surface quality of the alloy coating and adhesion of the coating and matrix are improved ; thirdly in the coatings the content of the elements in the transient group increases, but the content of cobalt decreased ; fourthly the amorphous structure is transformed to microcrystal structure and polycrystal structure ; fifthly the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating are enhanced ; sixthly coercitive force is reduced, and magnetoconductivity of the coating is increased ; lastly the magnetic intensity of the coating increases with the addition of energy and light rare earth elements such as ce, la and decreases with the addition of heavy rare earth elements such as y. on the other side, when the alloy coatings passes through the heat treatment under the temperature of 250 or 500, their properties will change

    結果顯示化學沉積co - ni - b 、 co - fe - b工藝在稀土元素（ ce 、 la 、 y 、 dy ） 、能量（超聲波、磁場）介入后，沉積過程、合金成分、鍍層形貌結構和性能都有顯著變化，表現在：鍍液的陰極極化過電位和極化度降低，沉積速度提高；鍍層的結合力、表面質量改善；鍍層中過渡族元素的含量增加，輕元素硼的含量降低，同時證實了稀土元素與過渡族元素共沉積的可能性；鍍層的顯微結構由非晶態向微晶和多晶態轉變；鍍層的顯微硬度與耐磨性提高，力學性能優化；鍍層的矯頑力降低；磁導率提高；鍍層的磁化強度在能量（超聲波、磁場）和輕稀土元素ce 、 la介入后提高，重稀土元素y介入后降低。
  3. A rapid and simple method, stearic acid method was also developed to prepare nanostructured tio2 composites. microstructure of the samples was investigated by xrd, ft - ir, tem and bet specific surface area measurement and the results were compared with those obtained by conventional sol - gel method. it was found that nanocrystalline powders with good dispersity, high crystallinity and large specific surface area were successfully prepared by stearic acid method

    採用硬脂酸法快速、方便地制備了微結構可控的al _ 2o _ 3 、 sno _ 2復合納米tio _ 2 ，並與sol - gel法產物相比較， xrd 、 ft - ir 、 tem結果表明：硬脂酸法制備的復合納米tio _ 2表面貧羥基，具有良好的分散性、更高的比表面積，且可通過改變復合量對摘要博士論文產物晶型和粒徑進行控制。
  4. The degrees of crystallinity of pure ptfe under the different conditions of water cooling, air cooling and furnace - varying cooling were made comparison by xrd. the thermal stability of pure ptfe and solid lubricant was analyzed by dsc - tg ; the composition and valence state of elements in the surface of carbon fiber, solid lubricant before and after friction test and lubricant transfer film were characterized by xps ; the frictional property of solid lubricant was tested by pin and disk test rig. the frictional wear property of solid lubricant between embedded bearing sleeve and steel axle friction pair ring was tested by special simulate test machine, the hardness of solid lubricant was tested by pm ; the compression strength of solid lubricant was tested by material test machine

    用sem表徵原料微觀結構、摩擦表面及潤滑轉移膜表面形貌：用xrd進行原料物相分析，及比較水冷卻、空氣冷卻、隨爐冷卻三種工藝條件下的純聚四氟乙烯樹脂的結晶度；用dsc - tg分析純聚四氟乙烯樹脂及固體潤滑劑的熱穩定性；用xps表徵碳纖維表面、固體潤滑劑摩擦前後表面、潤滑轉移膜表面的元素組成、價態變化；用銷盤式摩擦磨損試驗機對固體潤滑劑進行摩擦性能測試；採用專用的臺架模擬試驗機對固體潤滑劑鑲嵌軸承套與鋼軸摩擦副間的摩擦磨損性能進行測定；用萊次偏光顯微鏡（ pm ）測試固體潤滑劑的硬度；用材料試驗機測試固體潤滑劑的抗壓強度等。
  5. The effect of compound casting technology and compound modification on the properties of high speed steel roll collar was studied. the results showed that compound high speed steel roll collar with high and even hardness and good bond between outer and inner layers could be gained when the modified colbalt free high speed steel in outer layer and nodular iron inner layer in connection with appropriate rotational speed of centrifugal machine, pertinent pouring interval between two kinds of the melt and moderate pouring temperature as well as surface induction heat treatment were chosen. it is indicated in industrial use that the service life of compound roll collar is higher by 5 times than that of high chromium cast iron collar

    研究了離心復合鑄造工藝和復合變質處理對高速鋼輥環性能的影響，結果表明，選用變質高碳無鈷高速鋼作外層，用球鐵作內層，選擇合適的離心機轉速、兩種金屬熔液澆注間隔時間和澆注溫度，結合採用表面感應熱處理工藝，可獲得硬度高、均勻性好、內外層結合良好的高速鋼復合輥環，用於工業生產其使用壽命比高鉻鑄鐵輥環提高5倍以上。
  6. The result shows that under the effect of repeated impact load, the stress wave produces reflection in the metallurgical junction plane between coating and basal body, and forms stretch wave causing longitudinal split and angle split of coat ; the microcosmic spot pitting and deep layered peeling off occur in coating surface due to stress concentration ; the energy accumulation of impact loading causes rigidity variation and plastic deformation

    結果表明：在多沖載荷作用下，應力波在塗層和基體的冶金接合面發生反射，形成拉伸波造成塗層的縱裂和角裂；在塗層表面由於應力集中，塗層表面發生微觀點蝕和深層剝落；沖擊載荷能量的積累，造成塗層試樣硬度變化和塑性變形。
  7. Lagrange wave speed in the release process was computed from the measurement, and result shows a good agreement with the data in literature. furthermore from the lagrange wave speed, the stress - strain relationship in the release process was calculated using the impedance match solution. comparison of the stress - strain with the fluid elastic - plastic model indicates that ofhc copper exhibits a clear work - harden behavior during the release

    根據界面粒子速度剖面，計算得到了卸載過程中lagrange聲速隨界面粒子速度變化的關系，所得結果與文獻給出的數據符合很好；其次，利用阻抗匹配近似，計算分析了無氧銅卸載過程的應力-應變關系，並與流體彈塑性模型進行了比較，結果表明：無氧銅的卸載過程存在明顯的應變硬化效應。
  8. Boldwood was listlessly noting how the frost had hardened the surface of the snow.

    博爾德伍德心不在焉地看著冰凌怎樣使雪地的表面變硬。
  9. Goodyear put his idea to the test, and saw that it did have more or less the desired effect, but only on the outside of the rubber

    固特異把這一設想付諸試驗，但並沒有達到預想的結果，只是在橡膠的表面變硬了。
  10. Through experiment and analyzing the changes of the thickness, rigidity, tensile strength and the opening rate of the conduits caused by the different kinds of coating material, the thickness of the coating and the different braiding structures, we investigate the physical and mechanical, properties of the braided conduits. the results show : the chitosan is easy to form the film structure on the surface of the conduits increasing the conduits ' rigidity clearly ; the rigidity and opening rate of the braided structure with inserted reinforcing yarn are better than the others, this will prevent the conduits collapsing and distorting effectively in the practical uses, so we select conduits of this structure for animal experiment

    在導管的物理機械性能研究方面，本課題通過塗層劑的種類（ pgla丙酮溶液和甲殼胺漿液） 、塗層劑的厚度、導管的編織結構三個方面分析它們對導管的厚度、硬挺度、拉伸強力和孔隙率等性能的影響。測試結果顯示：甲殼胺塗層易於在導管表面成膜，對導管的硬挺度有明顯提高，塗層效果較好；加筋結構神經導管在硬挺度和孔隙率方面優于其它導管，能有效防止導管在實際應用中的塌陷變形。
  11. In the processing of single crystal materials, it was found that the sectorial distribution of light and shade appears on the surface, which is the main factor of affecting processing surface quality. therefore starting from the crystal structure, this paper first researched on kdp crystal mechanics characteristics in different crystal plane and orientation through theoretical analysis and nano - indentation experiment, separately calculated the young ’ s modules and shear modules of kdp in different crystal plane, and systematically analyzed the change rule of young ’ s modules and rigidity along with the crystal orientation

    在單晶脆性材料的加工中，人們發現加工表面產生明暗相間的扇形分佈，這種明暗相間扇形分佈是影響加工表面質量的主要因素，因此本文從晶體的結構出發，首先對kdp晶體不同晶面、不同晶向的力學性能進行了理論分析和納米壓痕實驗研究，分別計算了kdp晶體不同晶面上彈性模量和剪切模量，並系統地分析了彈性模量和硬度隨晶向的變化規律。
  12. Firstly, the comparation study between the wedge pressing and the contour forging has shown that the transverse deforming initiated from the surface of the preforms. when the superficies reached the moulding wall, the deforming moved downwards as the high - direction deforming increased, till the moulding chamber was full of stock ; the transverse deforming of the moulding pressing stock initiated from the center of the stock then surned into a drum - type. the distribution of the density and hardness of the high - direction indicated that the wedge pressing acquired a better ability of pressing penetration

    首先對比研究了楔形壓制工藝與模壓緻密化工藝，發現楔壓坯料的橫向變形從上表層開始，當上表面與模壁接觸后，隨著高向變形量的增加逐步向下移動，直至坯料充滿模腔;模壓坯料的橫向變形從坯料中間開始，形成鼓形。高向的密度、硬度分佈表明楔壓比模壓具有更好的壓透能力。
  13. ( s ) weathering and unloading action which are the two main exogenous process is active in epigenetic - surface. so, although one is different with the other, they are associated with each other closely and are cntrolled by geostress and seepage fields. in fact, weak weathered zone corresponds to weak load - off one, strong weathered zone corresponds to strong load - off one in virtue of result of this dissertation. ( 6 ) rock mass is a geologic body which is composed of rock and structural plane. and under the condition of geostress. temperature and seepage fields, correspondingly. studying weathering should pay attation to the aspects of rock, structural plane and fields. according to this. the author subdivises rockmass weathering into rock weathering and structural weathering, ulteriorly, the dissertation studies rockmass weathering from three aspects as follows : ? ock weathering : aberrance degree of mineral and physical mechanical performance of weathered rock ; ? e have already knew that weathering action damage the integrity of rock mass, but few applies it to engineering practice. the dissertation is based on trend o

    本文研究結果為弱卸荷與弱風化大致對應、強卸荷與強風化大致對應； （ 6 ）巖體是由組成它的巖石與缺陷賦存於一定環境場中的地質體，據此本文將巖體風化細劃為巖石風化與結構面風化，並進而將表徵巖體風化的指標相應地歸結為三個方面來加以研究並應用於工程實踐，這就是：對于巖石風化，主要為礦物的變異程度與風化巖石的物理力學性能研究：雖已認識到風化作用破壞了巖體完整性，但將該理論應用於巖體風化分帶卻不多見，本文即從淺表部位硬性結構面間距、條數、跡長、塊度等隨遠離臨空面的變化規律來研究巖體風化分帶：不同風化、卸荷程度的巖體實際處于不同環境場中，彈性波速變化與特定環境場相對應，因而是反映巖體風化、卸荷的綜合因素。
  14. Under the hood, operations on atomic variables get turned into the hardware primitives that the platform provides for concurrent access, such as compare - and - swap

    在表面之下，原子變量的操作會變為平臺提供的用於並發訪問的硬體原語，比如比較並交換。
  15. Standard test method to determine color change and staining caused by aircraft maintenance chemicals upon aircraft cabin interior hard surfaces

    測定由於飛行器維修試劑作用於飛行器座艙內部硬表面上而引起的顏色變化和銹蝕的標準試驗方法
  16. It is these particles that can change nitriding layer microstructure and that accelerates the layer formation. nitrogen is infiltrated through the surface of metals and it changes the chemical components. as a result, the surface of metal has good performance with high hardness, high resistant attrition, high fatigue strength, high resistant erode and resistant die burn

    這些高能粒子可以改變滲層組織，結構和促進化學反應過程，加速滲層形成，使氮元素滲入金屬表面，從而改變金屬表面的化學成分，使之具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高疲勞強度、高腐蝕能力及抗燒傷性。
  17. The variations of the surface state and environment conditions could change the procedure of exfoliation, therefore, the potentiometry and electric resistance methods in this paper are used to measure the exfoliation rate of aluminum alloys in a constant temperature, the experimental results show that relations of natural corrosion potential vs time have a resemblance to those of corrosion rate vs time, both relations are all at the different change rates in the front and back of 120 minutes

    超硬鋁合金表面狀態、環境條件的變化，均可能改變剝蝕的發展過程，為此，本文提出在恆溫條件下，用電位法、電阻法定量研究鋁合金的剝蝕性能。實驗結果顯示了lc4cs鋁合金的自腐蝕電位與時間的關系，和腐蝕速率與時間的關系有著十分相似的規律，兩者均在120分鐘前後有不同的變化。
  18. Studies on technology of transformation hardening on laser surface of ring - gear

    齒圈激光表面相變硬化處理技術研究
  19. Sintering or friction all brought about chemical change in the surface of solid lubricant and the change of valen ce state of mo, s, fe and so on ; the micro - hardness of pure ptfe was minimum and the surface - hardness of solid lubricant was increased with the increase of additional packing filler in formula ; the compressive strength of pure ptfe was minimum and its compressive strength could be increased notably by adding organic and inorganic filler. but not more additional amount, more notable increase of compre

    、 feso4 、 cus等物質;燒結及摩擦均使固體潤滑劑表面發生化學變化，使mo 、 s 、 fe等元素的價態發生變化;純ptfe的顯微硬度最低，固體潤滑劑的表面硬度基本是隨著填料加入量的增加而增加的;純ptfe的抗壓強度最低，在ptfe樹脂中加入無機填料均可明顯提高其抗壓強度，但並不是加入量越多，抗壓強度提高越明顯。
  20. The surface hardness variations of some kinds of polymers were compared and the influence factors such as ion species, particle energy and dose were analyzed

    通過比較幾種不同類型的聚合物材料在注入前後表面硬度的變化，分析注入離子種類、注入能量、注入劑量等工藝參數對聚合物的影響。
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