規范對稱性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guīfànduìchènxìng]
規范對稱性 英文
gauge symmetry
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 稱 : 稱動詞（適合; 相當） fit; match; suit
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  1. When the field is slowly - varying, the scalar field potential acts like a cosmological constant. in addition to the quintessence models, many other theories for dark energy have been proposed, including models based on super - symmetric gauge theories, super - gravity, small extra dimensions, large extra dimensions, quantum field theory effects in curved space - time. all these models are essentially based on the existence of a mass less scalar field acting at a cosmic scale

    除了真空場模型外，科學家亦提出其他解釋黑暗能量的理論，這些模型建基於不同的物理理論或假設，例如超對稱規范理論超重力增加一些小或大的空間維數量子力學在彎曲時空的影響等等，這些理論模型，返本溯源，其實背後都假設存在著一個特性類似於宇宙常數的無質量純量場。
  2. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  3. Then we in - vest gate seiberg - witten map, which defines the equivalence relation of the gauge symmetries in different spaces. we also analyse the u ( l ) gauge electromagnetic field in noncommutative space. finally we discuss the ambiguities of seiberg - witten map, and find although that some part of the ambiguities can be absorbed by gauge transformation and hence negligible, the existence of the matter field makes some other parts difficult to be absorbed by gauge transformation or field redefinition

    然後利用seiberg - witten映射，我們研究了不同空間的規范對稱性的等價問題，並對非對易空間的電磁場進行了微擾分析，最後我們對seiberg - witten映射的松動進行了討論，研究發現這些松動中的一部分可以由規范變換吸收因而是可以忽略的，由於物質場的存在，另外一部分很難用規范變換和場的重定義吸收。
  4. Therefore the emergence and development of the culture of science and technology can be traced back to the initial conditions of geography and climate, viewed as the factor of internal fluctuation from the sensitiveness of the random choices of the cognitive subject to the initial conditions. since a culture has a pivotal component as its core, once the culture of science and technology comes into being under nonlinear interactions of the social subsystems, the core component functions in the same manner as order parameter in the self - organization system, immensely attracting, regulating and controlling others under the slaving principle. and thus the analysis provides a nonlinear approach to the needham ' s problem

    對于任何思想文化傳統而言，其形成和延續都有其現實的物質生活的根源，因而，對于科技文化的產生和發展，我們能夠返回到其發生的原點? ?即地理氣候等初始條件，從認知主體的隨機性選擇對初始狀態的敏感性方面，視其為科技文化產生的內漲落因素，考察其對科技文化形成的影響；而一種文化之所以稱其為文化，必有其全局控制力的核心因素，科技文化是在社會各子系統非線性的相互作用下形成，其核心因素所發揮的作用就如同序參量在自組織系統中的作用那樣，在支配原理的作用下起著規范、引導和支配等效用。
  5. Great deal of substandard behavior still exists in the individual housing credit market, hence the behavior standarding amongst banks and individuals, the bounded rationality players, can be seen as asymmetric evolution game

    摘要目前住房信貸市場存在大量不規范行為，為此將有限理性的銀行及個人的行為演化過程視為兩人非對稱進化博弈。
  6. The fractal is a geometrical figure with self - similar symmetry, and it is an important tool for characterizing irregular structures in nature that are self - similar on certain length scales. for example, the koch curves can be viewed as a mathematical model for coastlines, percolation model can be used to mimic mixture of mental and insulator, self - avoiding walks can serve as a model for linear polymers, and rock fracture mode can stimulate the process of brittle fracture of rock, and so on

    分形是具有自相似對稱性的幾何圖形，可用來模擬自然界中在一定尺度范圍內具有自相似對稱性的不規則結構，如koch曲線可用來模擬海岸線，滲流模型可模擬金屬絕緣體混合物，自迴避無規行走模型可模擬線性聚合物，巖裂模型可模擬真實巖體的脆性破裂等。
  7. Commercial building telecommunications cabling standard - part 2 : balanced twisted pair components - addendum 1 - transmission performance specifications for 4 - pair 100 ohm category 6 cabling

    商用建築電信電纜敷設標準.第2部分:對稱雙絞合線部件.補充件1 . 4對100歐姆的第6類敷設電纜的傳輸性能規范
  8. The reasons of small town ’ s liability have three aspects. the first reason is that there are various reasons forming the debt ? ? slowly development of economy result in deficiency of capital, and the randomness and nonstandard expenditure cause serious waste. the second, the rigidity financial expenditure spends in wage, education, road, irrigation construct and rising in payment, and the asymmetric bread between financial power and working power in management system

    鄉鎮債務形成的原因多種多樣，客觀分析起來，鄉鎮債務形成的原因多種多樣，既有經濟發展緩慢導致鄉鎮財源不足，也有開支的隨意性和不規范導致浪費嚴重;既有工資、教育、道路、水利建設和加薪等剛性財政支出過大，也有財政管理體制方面財權和事權的不對稱留下的缺口;既有投資決策失誤背上包袱及其他歷史遺留問題，也有鄉鎮機構臃腫、冗員過多增加開支的因素。
  9. We disscuss the field theory in noncommutative space. the gauge invariance of noncommutative gauge field coupled with matter field is studied

    我們討論了非對易空間與規范場耦合的物質場的規范對稱性。
  10. As the atom wiki states, the project creates " specifications for syndicating, archiving and editing episodic web sites. " i think that the defining characteristic of the domain atom addresses is not just web sites that are naturally broken into episodes, but also web sites that have a conversational nature through their interchange with other sites ; the episodes are often fueled by cross - reference to similar entries on other sites, and atom intends to be the glue for this interchange

    如atom wiki所宣稱的那樣，該項目要建立「連鎖、存檔和編輯情節式站點的規范」 。我認為， atom處理領域的定義特徵不僅僅是自然分解成情節的web站點，還包括那些與其他站點交互中具有會話性質的web站點。情節往往帶有對其他站點上類似實體的交叉索引， atom就是為了把這類交換粘結在一起。
  11. From this paper ' s study, it had been identified that the pushover analysis method was reliable in scope below : ( a ) low - middle rise, regular, the first model deformable structures, ( b ) short - period structures, ( c ) middle - rise non - symmetric frame structures, ( d ) middle - rise vertical - irregular frame structures, ( e ) middle - rise base - isolated structures, etc. it had also been identified that the time history analysis method could be replaced by the pushover analysis method when the pushover analysis method was reliable

    通過本文的研究，證明了pushover法在如下結構中的應用具有足夠的準確性：中低層、規則、以第一振型為主要變形特徵的結構，短周期結構，多層不對稱框架結構，多層豎向不規則框架結構，多層基礎隔震結構。同時證明了在pushover法的適用范圍內，可以應用簡單的pushover法代替復雜的非線性動力時程分析法對結構進行抗震性能評估。
  12. The main innovation of this essay includes : through the discussion of information asymmetry, externality, effective prevention, effective trust, the rule paradox of responsibility of independent auditing is made from the perspective of efficiency ; through the research on the implement of contract system, the structure of all types of independent auditing responsibility and their scope are probed ; the evolution of responsibility structure from ethics orientation to law orientation is analyzed by citing the related history of u. s. a and u. k to prove the point that the structure of the independent auditing responsibilities should reflect the rights and responsibilities of social economy and its change ; the structure unbalance of the independent auditing responsibilities in our country is analyzed. the problem of unbalance includes three aspects, which are the obscure scope of responsibility or non - responsibilities, the lack of moral responsibility, and the structure unbalance of legal duty system

    本文的主要創新在於：通過對信息不對稱、外部性、有效預防與有效信賴的研究，從效率的角度提出了獨立審計責任規則悖論；通過對獨立審計履約機制研究探討獨立審計責任類型構成及其各自的范圍；以英美為例通過分析獨立審計責任結構由道德責任為主向法律責任為主的演變，印證獨立審計責任結構應當反映社會經濟權責結構及其變化，揭示獨立審計責任結構之變遷；分析了中國獨立審計責任存在結構性失衡問題，主要體現在責與非責、道德責任缺失以及法律責任體系結構失衡三個方面，並從獨立審計需求角度著手思考與獨立審計責任結構有關的責任安排。
  13. Base on this, the thesis addressed the total food security concept ( tfs ) with normative study firstly ; then combined qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, compared with many kinds of food security evaluation methods and the intellective bp - ann model, improved the heilig ' s evaluation matrix, constructed the total food security evaluation matrix ( tfs matrix ), analyzed grain - production, circulate and consuming all - sidedly ; at last, analyzed and compared with different modes that can realize our country food security, and studied the rationality and feasibility of food cooperative security further using the cooperative game model. the tfs pursuits sustainable grain production, stable and smooth grain circulation, fair and suitable grain consumption increase

    據此，本論文首先運用規范研究，提出全面糧食安全（ totalfoodsecurity ，以下縮寫成tfs ）的概念；然後將定性分析與定量分析相結合，比較了多種糧食安全評價方法及智能bp - ann模型，改進了黑利格評價矩陣（ heidi ' sevaluationmatrix ） ，構建了全面糧食安全評價矩陣（ totalfoodsecurityevaluationmatrix ，簡稱tfs矩陣） ，對糧食生產、流通與消費進行全面分析；最後分析和比較了實現我國糧食安全的不同模式，並應用合作博弈模型進一步探討了糧食合作安全的合理性與可行性。
  14. Independence audit contract ( iac ) is the contract which aim lies in standardizing relation of every one independence audit activity. by auditing accounting information of enterprise and then ascertaining its truthfulness and evenhandedness, the aims of privy c to make use of independence audit work : affirming and relieving accountability or eliminating information asymmetrical distribution among investors and operators, the tow aims make independence audit activity involve harmonizing interest relation among clients and operators or former both and independence auditor. so requirement that harmonizing conflict of interest which three - part product in independence audit activity come into being. idiographic representations are defining aim of independence audit activity, thereout solicitation liability definitude and carve up, audit quality weigh and standard question. everyone independence auditor diathesis request etc. significance of iac is to provide game of flat roof, where the two parties can negotiatio n treat at freedom to help harmonize above contradiction or conflict of interest

    獨立審計合約是規范獨立審計活動各參與方相互之間關系的合約，各參與人利用獨立審計工作活動的目的，在於通過獨立審計人員對企業會計信息真實、公允性鑒證，以確認及解除受託經濟責任或消除投資者與經營者之間的信息不對稱，這兩種目的都使獨立審計涉及到委託人與經營者及前兩者與獨立審計人員之間利益協調關系，因此，產生了規范三者間圍繞獨立審計活動而引發的利益沖突的協調需求，具體表現為審計目標的界定與實現和由此引發的責任界定與劃分、審計質量的衡量及標準問題、各方對審計人員素質的要求等。
  15. The former include the policy premium caused by examining and approving systems, the policy shrink caused by irrational capital stock structure, policy underpricing of rigid ipo pricing method, etc. the non - systemic factors contain the asymmetric information between investors, issuers and investment bankers, the reputation of the underwriters, the proportion of ownership retained by initial shareholders, financial signals such as the capital structure of issuers, etc. using the chinese ipo samples, the paper tested empirically the relationship between the stock issuing method and ipo underpricing, the paper gets some significant conclusions

    在此基礎上，從理論上分析了影響我國ipo發行抑價的因素（主要包括由市場發展初期的政策性溢價，發行中發行人、承銷商和投資者之間信息不對稱，上市公司股東結構，投資銀行聲譽等） 。並且通過對由行政定價與市場化定價方式下新股抑價原因的實證分析，說明新股發行定價市場化是我國股票市場規范化、市場化和國際化的必然趨勢。
  16. Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as

    所取得的主要結論有：結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的相關性較差，偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構，建議採用相對偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標，並給出針對不同平面尺寸的界限相對偏心距；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構，建議採用兩個主軸方向的相對偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標，結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定；凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹比例無正相關關系， 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不對稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當，建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ，只要求分析採用空間模型比較合適； 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要，樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析，可使用相對偏心距（及其夾角）參照單向（和雙向）偏心結構的界定方案，界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。
  17. In sum, the core viewpoint of stakeholder theory can be concluded that the firm is a nexus of relationship among stakeholders, whose responsibilities and obligations are formed through explicit contracts and implicit contracts. the residual rights of the firm are distributed symmetrically, separately and unbalancedly among asset owners and human recourse owners in order to create wealth for its stakeholders and the society

    總而言之，利益相關者理論的核心思想可以歸結為：企業是其利益相關者相互關系的聯結，它通過各種顯性契約和隱性契約來規范其利益相關者的責任和義務，並將企業剩餘權在企業物質資本所有者和人力資本所有者之間進行非均衡地分散對稱分佈，進而為其利益相關者和社會有效地創造財富。
  18. Besides, the small business transparency is low and it is hard to estimate the credit rating of small business. bank makes it difficult for small business to get a loan, since information dissymmetry results in information inferior position for bank. therefore, bank is negative to small business loan so as to avoid risks

    因此，從理論上講:由於小企業財務管理不規范、信息不透明、信用級別難以確定等自身特點，銀行在向其提供貸款的過程中處于信息劣勢，為了避免因信息不對稱產生的逆向選擇和道德風險，銀行在對小企業放貸時缺乏積極性，以至產生貸款難的問題。
  19. Id format for 50 mm magneto - optical disc system iec 62345 : 2005 ; german version en 62345 : 2005, text in english

    機械安全減小由機械排放的危害性物質對健康的風險第1部分:用於機械製造商的原則和規范英文名稱
  20. First chapter give the scientific misconduct definition rintellectual use that not agree with the scholarship moral norm realize personal target ( title, money. . etc ). immediately, point out the scientific misconduct current performance. for example, minority disobey the scholarship morals, seize the others scholarship result, or copy and plagiarize, ask others write the thesis, sign signature dishonest ; work carelessly to the thesis, a few people even distort, forge the experiment data ; suffering the bad moral atmosphere effects, a few people make use of right seek the academic degree, diploma ; some schools drive in the benefits to random confer diploma, etc. further, expatiated the scientific misconduct harm for our science and educate the new person. it ' s making the fair of science trampled, the scholarship custom were influenced badly

    第一章首先從學術失范的定義入手，將學術失范界定為：學術人用不符合學術道德規范的手段來實現個人目標（職稱、金錢等） ，接著指出學術失范在現階段的表現，如研究工作中少數人違背學術道德，侵佔他人學術成果，或抄襲剽竊，或請他人代寫論文，或署名不實；粗製濫造論文，個別人甚至篡改、偽造實驗數據；受不良風氣影響，有的人利用權利為自己謀取學位、文憑，有些學校在利益驅動下降低標準亂發文憑等。並進一步闡述了學術失范對我國科學研究事業、學術新人培養等方面的危害，使得科學的公正性被踐踏，學術風氣受到不良影響。
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