觀測值差 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [guāncèzhíchā]
觀測值差
英文
difference of observation-
We can use the mm5 model in definite time, definite area weather forecasting. we conclude that : : the moving route of this necw in its developing progress was direct - south along latitude, the cold air is rough, and just this made the rough vertical velocity ; the necw southern moving and conflicting with the west pacification sub - tropical high makes rough jet steam. the plenty south - west warm and wet air made by the jet stream gave the rainstorm demanded vapor ;. the rough vertical velocity by jet stream is a main reason in this rainstorm ; the mm5 model uses four - direction analysis data as its input, this avoids some errors occurred in observe and transfer, thus made the result more useful
綜合分析認為： （ 1 ） 、這次冷渦在其發生發展過程中，其移動路徑是沿經圈直線南壓，攜帶的冷空氣勢力較強，形成槽后較強的垂直運動； （ 2 ） 、西太平洋副熱帶高壓偏北位置與東北冷渦南壓形成的急流軸，把源源不斷的西南暖濕氣流輸送到遼西地區，也就是急流軸的左前方位置，為這次暴雨的產生提供了充足的水汽來源； （ 3 ） 、低空急流不但為暴雨輸送水汽，其造成的較強的垂直環流也是產生強降水的一個主要原因； （ 4 ） 、 mm5模式以四維同化資料作為初始場，最大限度地避免了觀測誤差可能造成的積分不穩定，提高了模擬結果的參考價值。A reasonable method to adjust observed coordinate value is put forward for total powerstation traverse in this paper. its validity and feasibility are proved by example
本文依據誤差理論，針對全站儀導線提出了一種合理的對其坐標觀測值進行平差的方法，並用算例驗證了該方法的正確性與可行性。The equations of the mean value functions and the covariance functions are established for dynamical systems whose inputs are fuzzy stochastic processes. an existence and uniqueness theorem of ito fuzzy stochastic differential equations is proved, some explicit representations of solutions and the equations of statistical characteristics are deduced for linear fuzzy stochastic differential equations, and numerical methods to nonlinear fuzzy stochastic differential equations are proposed, the conditions for stability and observability of fuzzy linear systems are derived. the kalman filter algorithms of linear fuzzy stochastic systems are brought forward
主要成果包括：提出了模糊隨機變量協方差和反向協方差的概念；研究了二階模糊隨機變量的均方收斂性，並在此基礎上得到了均方模糊隨機分析、平穩模糊隨機過程及其譜分解的若干定理；根據均方模糊隨機分析理論，得到了輸入為模糊隨機過程的線性系統的輸出輸入統計特徵關系方程；證明了ito型模糊隨機微分方程解的存在唯一性，並給出了ito型線性模糊隨機微分方程解的表達式，統計特徵方程以及非線性模糊隨機微分方程的數值解法；得到了模糊線性系統的穩定性和可觀性條件、線性模糊隨機系統統計特徵方程和線性模糊隨機系統的kalman濾波演算法；研究了當觀測值是模糊數據時，線性回歸模型的建立。Conclusion modeling the covariance structure is especially important for analysis of repeated measures data because measurements taken close in time are potentially more highly correlated than those taken far apart in time
結論由於在重復測量資料中，同一受試者的不同觀測值之間具有相關性特點，故對其指定協方差結構尤其重要。Based on an analysis of the sources of errors in airborne gravity measurements, an error model is studied to constructed mathematically which can characterize the change of systematic errors, with which the network adjustment is carried out and the model parameters are determined simultaneously. and finally, the compensation of systematic errors is realized
航空重力測量測線網平差就是在分析、總結航空重力測量的主要誤差源基礎上，研究建立反映航空重力觀測系統誤差變化規律的誤差模型，根據交叉點不符值條件，平差求解各測線上重力觀測值系統誤差改正數，然後對各測線上所有重力觀測值進行改正（補償） 。( 2 ) different calculating schemes are designed which are used to analyze in detail the characteristics of the effect from instrumental bias ( ib ) in gps observations on determining ionospheric delays
（ 2 ）設計了幾種不同的計算方案，用於分析儀器偏差對確定電離層延遲的影響的特點。研究表明，儀器偏差對求解電離層延遲的影響遠大於觀測噪聲的影響，給電離層延遲觀測值帶來高達數米的系統誤差。According to the present status of studying the solar flare using gps, a new algorithm of processing gps data studying the solar flare is brought forward : after the instrumental bias has been determined, with the data of dual - frequency gps code and phase and navigation message, the vtec at the satellite ' s epp can be worked out
根據現在研究太陽耀斑的實際情況，提出了利用gps研究太陽耀斑的數據處理方法：利用雙頻觀測值確定出儀器偏差后，再利用碼和相位觀測值，結合導航電文就可以求出電離層交叉點的沿天頂方向上的電子總量vtec值。Based on the statistics of the double observing date of tunnelsurveys, the paper analyses the targets affect sighting errors and points out the ways of the selection of targets and the questions needed to attention in observing
根據隧（巷）道雙次觀測值的統計資料，分析覘標對瞄準誤差的影響，提出覘標的選取方法和觀測中注意的問題。Ustment of observation
觀測值平差Abstract : the design problem of reduced - order state observer for a class of multi - input multi - output ( mimo ) nonlinear time - varying systems is studied in this paper. a new design method of nonlinear reduced - order state observer is proposed, and the exponential convergence is proved for the proposed state observer. the observer has the characteristics of that the speed of convergence is adjustable. finally, an example is given to show that this approach is effective
文摘:研究一類多輸入多輸出（ mimo ）非線性時變系統的降維狀態觀測器設計問題.提出一種非線性降維狀態觀測器設計方案，並從理論上證明了狀態觀測誤差的指數收斂性.其中設計的降維狀態觀測器具有收斂速度可調的特性.最後給出了數值算例，模擬結果表明了本文方法的有效性Examples show that, with normal observed data, the results obtained by the three methods are satisfactory, however, if the observed data are abnormal, the estimated results by lsm is not satisfactory, while the results from the other two methods are still satisfactory
結果表明，當觀測值中不含粗差時，採用最小二乘法、 huber估計方法、 igg估計方法率定的參數結果相差不大，採用該參數的ar模型進行實時校正，校正效果也比較接近。However, the effect of gross errors on the standardization residuals are influenced by observation space and the data structure, thus the observations are divided into four types to some specific criteria and the qaos are chosen by the value of standardization residuals and the classification information of the observations
初選時，考慮到粗差對標準化殘差的影響受觀測空間和結構空間的制約，所以將觀測值按一定標準分為4類，根據標準化殘差和分類情況初選擬準觀測，盡可能使初選的擬準觀測比較準確。Last step is overall adjustment by using multi - epoch absolute and relative results of positioning and timing, in order to improve precision of positioning and timing. ii. some problems about attitude determination and integrity ambiguity resolving by using gps carrier phase are discussed
本論文主要論述了利用星載偽距、載波相位觀測值（含gps和擴展gps ）進行編隊星座運動狀態（位置、姿態和鐘差）整體解算的有關問題。1. method that controls quality of field observation values of unbonded elastic wire resistance type meters is studied. methods that examine system error of different types in observation values are discussed
主要研究內容如下： （ 1 ）研究了差動電阻式儀器現場觀測值的質量控制方法；探討了對監測數據中不同類型的系統誤差進行檢驗的控制圖法和連檢定法。That is, to examine the residuals for the individual observations. this process is called residual analysis
也就是，檢驗個體觀測值的殘差，即殘差分析。A real - time estimation of a prior variance - covariance of gps observations is developed for the ( near ) instantaneous ambiguity resolution for short - baselines, which improves the stochastic model of the observations, and then the success rate and the reliability of ambiguity resolution
針對短基線模糊度的快速解算，提出了一種實時估計觀測值方差-協方差矩陣的方法，改進了觀測值的統計模型。算例顯示這種方法能提高模糊度瞬時解算的成功率。From the past research work, it has been known that the main mechanisms of spectral lines broadening in the atmospheres of stars are doppler broadening, spectral lines broadening by rotation and expending, pressure broadening ( stark broadening ), natural broadening, spectral lines broadening in magnetic field, sonic waves and alfv e n waves broadening, etc. but it is not enough to explain the recent observation phenomena by above theories of spectral lines broadening
以往的研究已經判明，在恆星大氣內譜線致寬的主要機制是多普勒致寬、自轉源或膨脹源引起的致寬、壓力致寬（斯塔克致寬） 、自然致寬、磁場引起的加寬、聲波及阿爾文波致寬等。然而，已有的譜線致寬理論不足以解釋最近的一些觀測現象，仍存在觀測值與理論值之間的差異。The kalman filter theory is introduced and the dynamic error vector equation of the initial alignment is derived at the first. using velocity error as exterior value of observation, maneuverable characteristic that is influenced with system ' s observability and its degree is studied at length by do amount of simulations and experiences. choosing output error of accelerometers and angle error of attitude as observation respectively and system observation model is derived, which is based on analyzing kalman filter theory
首先介紹了卡爾曼濾波理論及相關技術，建立了系統卡爾曼濾波的狀態方程和觀測方程；首先採用速度誤差作為觀測值，詳盡的研究了系統機動特性對可觀測性和可觀測度的影響，並做了大量模擬實驗：通過對濾波原理的分析研究了影響的原因；分別選用加速度計輸出誤差和轉臺輸出姿態角誤差作為外部觀測值，推導建立它們的觀測模型，並通過模擬證明了分析結論的正確性。The estimators of real errors would appear a " hive off " phenomenon if there existed gross errors and the preliminary selection of the qaos are correct
當觀測值中存在粗差時，如果初選擬準觀測正確，得到的真誤差估值會出現分群現象。When the number of observation is small the order index for initial selection should be unit weighted rms ; the weight should be take into account ; the unit weighted rms correlated to gross error determination standard should adopt empirical value
當觀測值較少時，初選之前觀測值的排序指標宜採用單位權中誤差進行；粗差的判別和復選之前的排序都應該考慮權重的影響；判別準則中的單位權中誤差應該採用先驗值。分享友人