認知的制約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [rènzhīdezhìyāo]
認知的制約 英文
cognitive limits
  • 認 : 動詞1 （認識; 分辨） recognize; know; make out; identify 2 （建立關系） enter into a certain rela...
  • 知 : Ⅰ動詞1 （知道） know; realize; be aware of 2 （使知道） inform; notify; tell 3 （舊指主管） admin...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 認知 : [心理學] cognition; -gnosis
  1. Them, the thesis has chosen three china ' s cases as object of study, corporatism and social resource theory as theoretical perspective, and the function of npo integrating social welfare resources as the point of study to research the mechanism of npo integrating social welfare resources, the factors which bring down its effects, the motive power of the development of npo in social welfare field. then, the conclusion comes into being : the instituting and running of a npo which has specific object is a effective mechanism to integrate social welfare resources ; in practice, npo can integrate social welfare resources by instituting former and informer social network ; the factors which bring down its effects include policy and themselves ; and there is several kind of power which can motive the development of npo in social welfare field

    本文選取了在發展程度上呈梯次性的中國三個個案為研究對象，以合作主義和社會資源理論為理論視角，以非營利組織對社會福利資源的整合功能為切入點，探討了非營利組織整合社會福利資源的機制、其效果的制約性因素、以及在社會福利領域推動非營利組織發展的動力，認為定位明確的非營利組織的成立與運營為社會福利資源的整合提供了一條可供選擇的有效的途徑，發現在實踐中非營利組織可利用正式的和非正式的兩種網路建構來開發整合社會福利資源，而現階段其整合效果受到政策環境和自身能力等因素的制約，推動非營利組織發展與能力健全的力量源泉主要來自需求推動、政策推動、專業知識推動和國際交往推動。
  2. In this kind of background, economic agents are limited rational and opportunist in economic exchange and production, which induce transaction costs and supervising cost ; in order to abate costs, enhance bestirring and constrains, property right must be clear ; means to get economic goal contain exchange and production, if transaction costs is too expensive, market exchange will be internalization by hierarchical corporation, but more and more hierarchical administrative cost become while huger and huger corporation size become, which obstruct the enlargement of border of corporation. nie don ’ t think that corporation will supersede market wholly, but they are parallel and supersede dynamically each other. so nie advocate economic action is impacted by macroscopic dualistic institutional framework

    他們以這樣一種認知為基礎，認為在這樣的經濟背景中，有限理性的經濟行動者，是一種機會主義者，一有機會就可能在經濟交換和生產活動中採取種種搭便車行為，使經濟行動存在交易成本和行政監督成本（在德姆塞茨等人那裡，交易成本包括市場交易與行政監督成本） ;為了減少這些成本、增加對經濟行動者的激勵與約束，就必須明晰產權;如果交易成本過高，市場交換就會內部化，出現企業對市場的替代，而組織監督成本又制約了企業擴展的邊界，使市場與企業之間動態替代和平行並列，因此經濟行動在宏觀上主要受這種二分制度框架的影響。
  3. This study first reviewed metacognitive theories and the current conditions of research. then it analysed the structure of the ability to operate physics experiments, and made clear that ability to perform physics experiments is composed of motor skills and intellectual skills, which are mutually influenced and constrained, and among which the physics experiment operation and solving of physics experiment problems can well evaluate the ability to do physics experiments

    在研究中，首先回顧了元認知理論及其研究現狀，然後利用認知、元認知觀點，分析了物理實驗能力結構，指明了物理實驗能力是由相互影響和相互制約關系的動作技能和智慧技能構成，其中物理實驗操作和解物理實驗題能夠很好地評價物理實驗能力。
  4. Knowledge acquisition is one of three major factors which should be dealt with in systems based on knowledge. it is so difficult to achieve knowledge that it is often considered as the crucial and decisive factor in knowledge system. difficulties in expert - orientd knowledge acquisition are especially prominent in the field of rice cultivational simulation - optiminzation - decision making

    知識獲取是基於知識的系統必須解決的三個關鍵問題之一。知識獲取是困難的，以致於被認為是制約知識系統成敗的瓶頸問題。在水稻栽培計算機模擬優化決策領域，面向專家的知識獲取問題尤為突出。
  5. The present article was divided into 3 parts : 1. the theoretical narration about test anxiety : test anxiety is a psychological state expressed by different degrees of emotional reactions, it is constrained by individual cognitive evaluation capacity, personality tendency and other physical and psychological factors. the test anxiety characterized by worry and actions of defending and escaping, and is activated by a certain test situation

    本文的主要內容分三個部分：一、考試焦慮的理論綜述考試焦慮是在一定的應試情景激發下，受個體認知評價能力、人格傾向與其他身心因素所制約，以擔憂為特徵，以防禦或逃避為行為方式，通過不同程度的情緒反應所表現出來的一種心理狀態。
  6. In fact, there were some factors such as mathematical knowledge, mathematical tactics, schema, metacognition, attitude and so on, which jointly influenced the system of internal psychological mechanism in mathematical problem solving

    通過比較分析，筆者認為陳述性知識、程序性知識、圖式知識、元認知及態度、興趣等因素影響數學問題解決的內在心理機制，而且各影響因素之間相互作用、相互制約共同影響數學問題解決內在心理機制系統。
  7. The theory of cognition development of swiss psychologist jean piaget ( l896 - 1980 ) emphasized the restricted function of cognition development towards study, and she also emphasized that teaching should meet the needs of students " cognition development

    瑞士心理學家皮亞傑（ jeanpiaget1896 - 1980 ）的認知發展理論，強調認知發展對學習的制約作用，強調教學應該適應學生的認知發展水平。
  8. The factors that will affect the access of the mental lexicon can be summed up to cognitive restriction and pragmatic restriction

    影響心理詞匯提取的因素有很多，可以歸總為認知制約和語用制約兩大項。
  9. We hold that discoursal coherence is also realized by some deep / implicit cohesive ties and that the cognitive principles like iconicity, cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy have a great bearing on the construction of discoursal coherence in such a deep / implicit manner

    本文作者認為，語篇的連貫性遠不止表現在這些方面，同時還受到深層隱性的銜接方式的制約，主張象似性、認知隱喻扣認知轉喻等主要認知原則制約著語言運用的深層次連貫性，或者說，是實現語篇連貫的重要的深層隱性銜接手段。
  10. One was the cognitive skill acquisition through problem solving, which could be divided into three stages. the first stage, around 1960 ' s, using the protocol analysis initially, concentrated on the fields of unwell - defined knowledge, with the main research topic shifting from the effects on problem solving to the process of solving the specific problem

    關于樣例學習基本加工機制的研究有兩條線索，一是從問題解決的角度研究人類認知技能的獲取，大概經歷了三個階段：第一階段大約在20世紀60年代，研究范圍集中於知識貧乏領域，所關心的問題由影響解題困難的原因，逐步轉向解決一個具體問題的加工過程。
  11. No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the wipo copyright treaty adopted on 20 december 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures

    在任何實現1996年通過的世界知識產權組織版權條約第11章中所述任務的法律，或者是禁止或限制這種破解方法的類似法律下，復蓋程序都不會被認定為有效的技術手段的一部分。
  12. According to the relative knowledge of encouraging theory that i have learnt, by practical investigation and study and multiple analysis, 1 think that the problem of encouraging and restraint mechanism for enterprise lower managers are : no1. as for achievement examination, the goal setting is not reasonable, distort the function of encouraging mechanism ; no2. egalitarianism is universal and it damage the principle of distribution system that according to working result ; no3

    本文運用相關激勵理論知識，通過實際調研，進行綜合分析，認為企業在基層管理者激勵與約束機制上存在的問題是：第一，在績效考核上，目標設定不合理，扭曲激勵機制的作用；第二，平均主義現象普遍存在，破壞了按勞分配原則；第三，短期激勵明顯，缺乏長期激勵；第四，重物質激勵，輕精神激勵；第五，約束上屬內部約束，很難形成有效的監督與制衡。
  13. The moral evaluation is of hastening function for moral cognition, resonance role for moral feeling and control for moral action

    摘要道德評價具有對道德認知的催化功能，對道德情感的共振功能，對道德行為的制約功能。
  14. As far as sustainable development theories are concerned, this article summarizes the sustainable development conception, the studying orientation of its, and the economic studying trends, etc. then, in the aspect of asd, this article expounds its idea, studying content and studying trait, etc. on the basis of that, the author sets forth the theories and practical significance of studying asd in the mid and west region of china from the strategy adjustment of china regional development, economic globalization as well as intellectual economic developing trends, etc. ii. analyse and grasp major factors and outstanding barriers of asd in the mid and west region of china as a whole. after qualitative and quantitative analysis, we conclude the superiority of asd in the mid and west region mainly embodies many ways, such as abundant land resources, munificent agriculture organism resources, variable natural climates, the central government ' s readjustment of development strategy as well as the historical chance that new economic background gives, etc

    在此基礎上，從中國區域發展戰略調整、經濟全球化、知識經濟發展趨勢等方面來認識中西部地區農業可持續發展的背景。 （二）從總體上分析和把握中西部地區農業可持續發展的主要影響因素及突出障礙。通過定性與定量分析后認為，中西部地區農業可持續發展的優勢主要體現在土地資源較豐富、農業生物資源條件得天獨厚、自然氣候千差萬別、國家發展戰略調整及新經濟背景提供了歷史機遇；主要障礙體現在經濟社會發展與農業爭地矛盾突出、水土流失十分嚴重、土地沙漠化加劇、水資源的困擾、農業生態環境破壞嚴重、加上體制與觀念約束等。
  15. In the last part, the situation of the application of ec is outlined, and the facts that impeded the development of ec are presented : the imbalance of supply and demand with regard to the infrastructure of network, the lackey of confidence of consumer and firms on ec because of the lackey of credit in economy life, and the difficulties of how to adapt to and protect the new product style of ec by state legal system. we pointed out that, several aspects, such as fiscal tax revenue, law and enactments, the safety of information, admission of market, the perspectives of information, and technolocrats, will persistently impeded the development of ec. in china, the application of ec should be dominated by firms and conducted by government, which should as soon as possible enact the relative law regarding to taxation, electronic paying, digital signature, certification authority, intellectual property on web, etc. the national physical distribution system, the financial monitory system, the system of credit of firms as well as consumers should be completed

    在最後一個部分，文章簡述了我國電子商務應用的現狀，用博弈論方法分析了制約我國電子商務應用發展的幾個主要原因:網路基礎設施的供需失衡、經濟生活中的信用意識缺乏導致的消費者和企業對電子商務應用中的普遍的不信任及國家法律制度如何適應和保護電子商務這種新的生產方式等，並指出，財政稅收、法律法規、信息安全、市場準入、信息觀念、技術人才等幾個方面的問題將是長期阻礙電子商務發展的因素，電子商務在我國的應用要走企業為主體、政府引導的路子，政府應盡快制定有關稅收、電子支付、電子簽名、身份認證、網上知識產權等方面的法律法規，建立覆蓋全國的現代化物流配送體系，健全和完善金融監管體系，特別是企業信用體系和消費者信用體系的建設，大力推進企業信息化建設，創造發展環境，完善保障機制，加快人才培養。
  16. This paper reviews five contemporary models of sentence comprehension, including two - stage models, constraint - based models, referential support models, concurrent model, and three - phase neurocognitive model, after introducing some background in which these models were proposed

    摘要在簡要介紹當代句子理解理論提出的背景之後，回顧了兩階段模型、基於制約的模型、參照支持模型、同時作用模型與三階段神經認知模型等當代句子理解理論。
  17. Based on the collected literary reviews and survey reports, by using the modern learning theory, this part makes a systematic and deep analysis of middle school students " current learning situation ( including their learning style ), and points out the shortcomings existing in current history learning style. it then further discusses the reasons which cause all the shortcomings, and makes the fact to be clearly realized that teachers " teaching style, which put the task of transmitting history knowledge as the priority, severely influences and confined middle school students " history learning style as well as history learning efficiency

    在收集、整理相關文獻和調研報告的基礎上，運用現代學習理論對中學生歷史學習現狀（含學習方式）作了較系統、深刻的分析，指出當前歷史學習方式存在的不足，並對這些不足存在的原因作了進一步探討，使大家認識到歷史教師以傳遞歷史學科知識為主要任務的歷史教學方式嚴重影響、制約了中學生的歷史學習方式和歷史學習效率。
  18. And in addition, the paper explores the aspects of internal fluctuation, which is viewed as the random choices of the cognitive subject, how it is depend on the initial conditions and is enlarged by the method of positive feedback with step by step on the views of the nature, material outlook and thought modes. what ' s more, under the controls of the nonlinear interactions, the paper respectively explores the development principle in the culture of technology and science between the west and the east on the aspect of attractors and the order parameters, which result from the cooperation and competition. finally, the paper correctly formulates the different value preference in accord with the attractors and the order parameters, and focuses respectively on the traditions of the eastern pragmatic preference and the western contemplative preference and technological preference

    在此基礎上，從東西方科技文化的發生和起源入手，從耗散結構的觀點出發，考察了認知主體的隨機性選擇這種文化的內漲落因素，是怎樣依託于各自不同的初始條件?地理氣候條件，在自然觀、物質觀和思想模式方面一步步得到正反饋式的放大;進而，在文化系統內部種種非線性的相互作用下，從競爭和協同所必然產生的序參量和吸引子兩個方面，分別考察了東西方科技文化不同的發展規律，聚焦東方的實用化取向和西方的思辨化、技術化取向的影響機制，從它們在不同時期所發揮的不同作用正面回答了「李約瑟難題」 。
  19. Generally, if the students like a teacher, the class atmosphere must be active and positive and the studying interest comes being spontaneously

    師生關系直接影響和制約著學生的情感和意志，影響學生的認知活動。
  20. The choice of the teaching medium should be based on the characteristics of the knowledge contents, the requests of teaching target, the students " cognition, emotional need and teaching mode etc. the teachers " competence in mastering morden teaching medium and their cognition in the theory of classroom teaching activities aided by technique information, and that of promoting students to compete development are also very important factors to the choice of teaching medium. moreover, the choice of medium is restricted by teaching efficiency, technique, budget and so on. in numerous factors, study contents and target are the key factors that affect teaching medium choice

    選擇教學媒體應該依據知識內容的特點、教學目標的要求、學生的認知特點、情感需求以及教學模式等方面進行；教師個人對現代教學媒體的掌握和運用能力，對信息技術輔助課堂教學活動、促進學生全面發展的理論與實踐的認識，也是影響教學媒體選擇的一項重要因素；另外，選擇媒體還受到教學效益、技術、經費等條件的制約。
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