調形變化 的英文怎麼說

Fist of all, on the basis of the research of agone boffins, this author investigates the interaction mechanism of bolts and rock, and introduces the elastic ? lastic analytical resolution which is consist of the liner structure, the equivalent reinforced wall rock and the original wall rock in the simple loading from the equivalent well - proportioned view ; this solution is very important meaning for the engineering design. on the basis of coulomb friction model, the author introduces the finite element equation of the contact problem in order to provide the academic foundation for the application of msc. marc. finally, combining the engineering practice of the non - linear analysis of shield tunnel through yellow river of the south - north water transfer and using the model of friction, the author researched the evolution law of stress and displacement field in the structure of grouted rock bolts, and analyzed the effect to the stress and deformation of surrounding rock mass due to anchor supports

首先，在前人研究成果的基礎上，對錨桿與圍巖的相互作用機理進行研究，利用全長錨固錨桿的中性點理論，從等效均化的角度來考慮錨桿對圍巖的加固作用，並推導了在簡單荷載作用下，含有襯砌、等效加固后的圍巖、原始圍巖三者的彈塑性解析解，對工程設計有著重要的參考意義；在數值模擬方面，以考慮錨固圍巖滿足規則化庫侖摩擦模型為基礎，利用虛功原理推導了接觸問題的有限元方程的計算格式，為開發運用大型商用有限元軟體msc . marc提供了理論根據，也形成了本文的理論基礎：最後，論文以南水北調東線穿黃隧洞穩定性分析項目為工程實例，利用本文所述的接觸問題的摩擦模型理論，對錨桿支護結構的應力場、位移場的變化規律進行了研究，分析了加錨支護對隧洞圍巖應力、變形的影響。

It thoroughly analyses the drastic competitive market faced by yongsheng group, which consequentially promote the enterprise inside continuously to improve its labor productivity, product quality, and improve the outer circumstances of services, anisomerous structures on the employee ’ s quantity and quality, and the inner circumstances which limited and affected the whole stuff diathesis ’ s improvement and enhancement. it sums up the existing problems on yongsheng group ’ s human resources development and management and puts forward the mode of yongsheng group ’ s 1e3p1c human resources management system. the mode of 1e3p1c human resources management system is composed of engage system, position analyse system, performance examine system, pay administration system, culture system

永生集團同其他民營企業一樣也曾走過一段輝煌的時光，但隨著外部競爭環境的不斷變化，至1998年年底，已累計虧損200萬元，但近幾年來，集團高層管理者及時調整了管理思路和領導班子，至2005年低，集團公司利潤超過了公司重組集團效益最優時5個百分點，在長期的調查研究過程中，不難發現，永生企業在外部競爭環境日常激烈的情況下扭虧為盈並取得迅猛的發展的強大動力源很大程度上取決于其是在人力資源管理方面的及時調整，並在長期的模索中形成一套適合自身企業發展的科學合理的1e3p1c人力資源管理系統。

In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。

At the same time, in order to get adapted to the market change, improve the competitiveness, reinforce the cohesiveness and maintain the upswing trend, cec should take effective measures, such as to accept new idea and develop the managers " awareness of competitiveness ; reform the selecting and appointing mechanism ; establish a sound compensation system ; improve consumption for the position ; break the dominance of state - owned shareholders on the stock market and improve corporate governance structure ; reinforce the financial supervision on the corporation ; make a full use of restraint effect of competitiveness and reputation mechanism ; build various " golden parachutes "

與此同時， cec在企業經營者激勵與約束方面應採取針對性的措施，通過轉變觀念，樹立市場經濟的競爭意識和產權意識；改革企業經營者的選拔任用方式，積極推進企業經營者管理的市場化進程、建立科學合理的薪酬體系、規范職位消費，實行職位消費貨幣化、調整股權結構，實現投資主體多元化，健全公司法人治理結構、加強企業財務監控和內部制度建設、充分發揮市場競爭機制和聲譽機制對企業經營者的激勵約束作用、設計各種形式的「金色降落傘」等措施的實施，適應市場變化，提高企業核心競爭力，增強企業的凝聚力，保持事業的長盛不衰。

Based on the close analysis of the influence factors of the vertical bearing capacity, circular aperture extension theory is employed to establish the computing formulas for the pile vertical stress and the foundation vertical bearing capacity, respectively. moreover, with analyzing the features of the calculation parameters such as materials of gunite mortar, jet pressure, diameter of the jet pipe, pile length, pile layout, a design theory for chemical churning pile composite foundation is proposed. then, the variation of the pipe deformation with loads, the deformation coordination of pile and soil are studied

在此基礎上深入探討了旋噴樁的樁土受力特性及其復合地基的加固機理，從影響旋噴樁復合地基豎向承載力的因素入手，基於圓孔擴張理論給出了樁體豎向應力及旋噴樁復合地基的豎向承載力計算公式;通過對噴射漿液、噴射壓力選取、噴射直徑估算、樁長及樁位設計等各種計算參數的深入分析和研究，提出了一套相應的旋噴樁復合地基設計計算方法;通過計算分析，深入探討了旋噴樁復合地基變形隨荷載變化規律、樁和樁間土變形協調關系、樁土應力比及復合地基壓縮模量的確定，並提出相應的設計方法和修正參數;此外，結合工程應用，對旋噴樁復合地基的施工技術及其現場質量檢測方法進行了較全面的探討。

Since the varies of gun attitude angle and the vertical vector of the homograph plane are one - to - one, all the elements of modulation gun can be transformed into the calculation of the vertical vector angle, which avoids the calculation accuracy loss of the traditional approach under the condition of the tiny attitude angle disturbance

由於火炮姿態角變化與相應平面的法向量是一一對應的，從而可將調炮諸元轉化為法向量夾角來計算，這樣可避免傳統方案在微小姿態角擾動情形下導致的計算精度可能的損失。

Through the input parameters modification, we got the micro process image of latent image formation, which indicate the variation of the number of different particles with time and the transformation relationships between them ; also, we got the dependence of photosensitive process on these parameters. on this condition, all kinds of reactions occurred during the process of a certain carrier are very clear from the analysis of the results

通過對模擬程序中輸入參數的調整，我們得到了不同勢阱密度下潛影形成過程的微觀圖像，揭示了各種粒子數量隨時間的變化關系以及它們之間的相互轉化關系，同時還得到了每一種粒子在感光過程中的反應過程以及它們對整個感光過程的影響。

Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece

將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義

The attainment proves that the method is prompter than the conventional ones and reduces the amount of work greatly. moreover, when the db is connected with regional information system of transfered, it is possible to study the changing characterises or regional land use through quantity change, furthemore, to find out the decipline and the dynamic changes of spatial distribution of type of land use through land use maps

結果表明與傳統調查方法相比速度快，工作量大大減少，且把數據庫與區域信息系統連接或被調用，不僅可以通過數值的變化，研究區域土地利用狀況的變化特徵，還可以從圖形上體現出土地利用類型的空間分佈規律，以及空間分佈的動態變化情況。

In this paper, the centenary changes of the area in the four - lake area were studied by interpreting on the water resources map, relief map and images of remote sensing supported by gis

在野外調查和歷史文獻分析的基礎上，利用不同時期的水利圖、地形圖、遙感影像圖作為基本信息源，在gis技術支持下，提取湖泊面積信息，對四湖地區近百年湖泊水域變化進行了研究。

4. the driving cause of the formation and change of land desertification in keerqin sandlot is analyzed from the nature and society aspects based on field investigation and former research

本研究在野外調查和總結前人研究成果的基礎上，從自然條件和社會因素兩個方面總結分析了科爾沁地區土地沙漠化形成和變化的動因。

The thesis is consisted of five parts : first, the history environment of america when dewey formed his thoughts of vocational education : the great change that had happened in america society after the civil war, the rising of pragmatism which believes that the truth or value of a conception or something depends upon its practical bearing. upon human interests, and the widely receiving of the thought of labor education coming from europe

南北戰爭以後，美國國內的社會發生了巨大的變化：生產的發展，科學技術的應用，人口的劇增，各種社會問題的產生，教育思潮的變遷，強調概念或事物的價值在於它對於人生利益的實際效果的實用主義的興起，歐洲教育思潮的湧入，都迫使美國國內職業教育必須改革，以適應社會形勢的發展需要。

Biotic or abiotic stimuli can first cause the alteration in apoplastic signaling system ; on the other hand, apoplast provides a convenient pathway for cell - cell communication, and therefore plays a key role in regulation of cell differentiation, organ genesis, and growth development of plants

當植物遭受生物或非生物環境刺激時，可能首先引起質外體信號系統的變化；同時質外體作為植物細胞之間最方便的通道，在細胞間信號傳遞和信息交流上起重要作用，從而成為協調植物細胞分化、器官形成和整體生長發育的決定性因素之一。

Rab7 mediates transport of proteins from early endosome to late endosome or fusion of early endosome with late endosome, while rab9 mediates the retransport of m6pr from late endosome to trans - golgi network. the gtp / gdp - binding ability and intrinsic gtpase activity of rab proteins make them exist in rab - gtp or rab - gdp status. the switching of rabs between gtp - bound ( active ) and gdp - bound ( inactive ) forms requires other regulatory proteins, including guanosine exchange factor ( gef ), gdp dissociation inhibitor ( gdi ) and gtpase activating protein ( gap ), and lays the foundations of rab function

Rab蛋白家族成員和其他小g蛋白一樣可以結合gtp gdp ，在自身gtp酶的水解作用和其他蛋白（ gef 、 gap 、 gdi ）的調節作用下發生gtp （活化狀態）和gdp （無活性）結合形式的轉變；同時rab蛋白也在膜結合性（ membrane - bound ）和胞漿可溶性（ cytosolic ）之間變化，一個變化過程對應著一個功能循環，接著rab蛋白回到初始狀態參與下一個循環。

In the new environments of china ' s entry into wto, on one hand, as all enterprises are facing different competitive environments and the competition becomes more severe, it objectively requires all enterprises to shorten market response time and make themselves to manufacture according to po ; on the other hand, along with the innovation of new technologies of changan auto and the speedup of new products development, the increase of production scale, the company has the internal demand to establish advanced computer system to enhance the production management level and the site cannibalization & control capabilities, to convert itself to coordinated production and provide flexible technological guarantee for the mixed vehicle production line in the aspects of materiel coordination & product line management, when it builds new product line or rebuilds old product line

在加入wto的新形勢下，一方面由於企業所面臨的競爭環境發生變化和程度進一步加劇，在客觀上要求企業縮短市場反映時間，盡量實現按定單組織生產；另一方面隨著長安汽車技術創新和開發新產品的加快，其生產規模的進一步擴大，在公司內部存在要求在建設新生產線或者改造舊生產線時，建立先進的計算機系統，提高生產線的生產管理水平，提高車間的現場調度和控制能力，向協同生產轉變，為多品種的汽車混線生產在物料投放與生產線管理上提供柔性的技術保證。

Human being, directly or indirectly, has made damage and pollution to cave animals, which leads to the change of flow and cycle of material and energy in cave, malformation of natural compounding and function of cave animals, destruction of harmonious state between cave animals and their environment, obvious ch ange of cave animal ' s diversity, and they are momentous loss to both human being and cave animals

人類直接和間接地對洞穴內外環境進行破壞、污染，致使洞穴的物能循環面貌和性質發生改變，各類型動物的自然組合和功能產生畸形，打破了動物與環境的自然協調關系，動物多樣性發生明顯變化，這對動物和人類環境都造成了重大損失。

The case study shows that the compounding and distribution of the cave animals has changed under the interference of human activities in the studied area, in detail, the change of the amount of such animals as mosquito and fly, the reduction of the amount of bat, the aberrance of the amount and body size of oreolalaxrhohostig metu stadpole, the death of bat, the shape change of diestrammena marmorata, the change of population and community, the change of bio - relation, the weakening of eco - function, and some special adaptive form

案例研究顯示，定點調查地區的洞穴動物在人類活動的干擾下：種類組成與分佈發生變化，蚊蠅類動物的數量發生變化，蝙蝠數量趨減與位移或遷移和紅點髭蟾蝌蚪的數量與個體大小發生變異，蝙蝠致死與斑灶馬形態發生變異，動物群落類型發生變化，生物關系發生變異，蝙蝠的生態功能削弱，動物產生特殊的適應形式。

The rule of loads and settlement is concluded from numbers of settlement observation points ’ data. and in actual construction, this rule could be used to prevent immediate settlement under the accelerated load, and also, the serious result of the soil destruction could be avoided. at last, a proper method of settlement computing is derived from the identified rules, which can be used to guide the practical construction work, of course, meeting the compulsory standards of the settlement control well

採用逆作法施工，現實地解決了樁、土與筏板接觸面的變形協調關系;通過對樁、土受荷過程的實際測試，得出了樁、土分擔荷載比例和變化過程，從而為樁、土的荷載計算提供實際依據;從設置的大量沉降觀測點中所得到的沉降資料，得出荷載、沉降變化規律，從而指導在實際施工中，防止加載過快而導致速沉，避免由此帶來的土體破壞的嚴重後果;通過沉降規律分析，得出了適用於軟土地區的樁基沉降計算方法，用於指導實際施工，以滿足沉降控制的強制性標準。

Relating closely to the main problem of the high sidewall and wide span underground cavities excavation stability of xiluodu hydroelectric project, the evolution characters of geo - stress field in deep - cutting gorge and the whole features of the stress field, strain field and plastic failure zone around the underground chambers after excavation are studied systematically in the dissertation, based on a great deal of data gathered in field investigation and taking the flac3d v2. 0 software as basic computation tools. meanwhile, in the course of research, the new methods of dynamic numerical simulation are summarized and applied. furthermore, the effects of rock mass qualities, initial geo - stress field and excavation procedure on surrounding rock mass stability are discussed

本文緊密結合溪洛渡水電工程大跨度、高邊墻復雜地下廠房洞室群，施工開挖過程中和開挖后圍巖穩定性研究這一重大課題，在詳盡的野外地質調查工作和對大量基礎地質資料的整理與分析基礎上，以目前國際工程地質界公認的最新通用軟體flac ~ （ 3d ） 2 . 0版作為基本計算工具，從整個壩區地應力場的研究開始，通過動態數值模擬分析這一新的模擬思路，系統地研究了深切峽谷區地應力場多階段的特徵和演變規律，進而對左、右岸地下廠房洞室群開挖全過程中圍巖應力場、變形場和塑性破壞區的變化特徵，進行了全過程動態數值模擬研究，並詳細討論了圍巖質量、初始地應力場、施工開挖順序對大型地下洞室群圍巖穩定性的影響。

According to the configuration and ecotope of the earths surface, the coverage of vegetation, occupation ratio of bare sandy land and the soil texture were selected as evaluation indexes by using the field investigation data

利用外業調查數據，依據地表形態和生態狀況的變化，確定了植被蓋度、裸沙地佔地百分比和土壤質地3項評價指標，並建立了基於遙感的科爾沁沙質荒漠化評價指標體系，其中裸沙地佔地百分比用混合像元分解的方法獲得。