足價貨幣 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zújiàhuòbì]
足價貨幣
英文
full-bodied money-
Bloom s bodyguard distribute maundy money, commemoration medals, loaves and fishes, temperance badges, expensive henry clay cigars, free cowbones for soup, rubber preservatives, in sealed envelopes tied with gold thread, butter scotch, pineapple rock, billets doux in the form of cocked hats, readymade suits, porringers of toad in the hole, bottles of jeyes fluid, purchase stamps, 40 days indulgences, spurious coins, dairyfed pork sausages, theatre passes, season tickets available for all tram lines, coupons of the royal and privileged hungarian lottery, penny dinner counters, cheap reprints of the world s twelve worst books : froggy and fritz politic, care of the baby infantilic, so meals for 7 6 culinic, was jesus a sun myth
布盧姆的衛兵們散發濯足節的貧民撫恤金235紀念章麵包和魚戒酒會員徽章昂貴的亨利克萊雪茄煮湯用的免費牛骨裝在密封的信封里並捆著金線的橡膠預防用具菠蘿味硬糖果黃油糖塊折疊成三角帽形的情書成衣一碗碗裹有奶油麵糊的烤牛排一瓶瓶傑那斯溶液購貨券四十天大赦236 。偽幣奶場飼養的豬做成的香腸劇場免票電車季票匈牙利皇家特許彩票237一便士食堂的餐券十二卷世界最劣書的廉價版：法國佬與德國佬政治學怎樣育嬰238幼兒學七先令六便士的菜肴五十種烹飪學耶穌是太陽神話嗎？At the late stage of metal currency times, however, finding out impure noble metal currency also could be in circulation corresponding with their par value, the coin minters thereupon adopted impure noble metals to mint coins. by this means the extra balance between par value and actual worth of currency was obtained and the seigniorage was produced accordingly
在金屬貨幣時代後期，鑄幣者發現不足值、不足量的貴金屬貨幣同樣可以按其面額大小在市場上流通，於是他們採用沒有十足成色和重量的貴金屬來鑄造貨幣，從而得到了貨幣面值大於實際價值的額外價差收入，鑄幣稅也就產生了。Token money could at one time be contrasted with "full bodied" money.
代幣曾一度是「足價」貨幣的對立面。A study by two imf economists, steven dunaway and xiangming li, found that estimates for the undervaluation of the yuan ranged from zero to nearly 50 %, depending on which method was used
兩名國際貨幣基金組織經濟學家? ?史蒂文.達納韋和李向明（音） ? ?的一項研究表明，因使用的方法不同，對於人民幣低估的價值估計從零到50 %不一而足。One should not assume that price elasticity of imports and exports is such that an exchange rate appreciation would necessarily reduce the current account surplus, or conversely an exchange rate depreciation would necessarily reduce the current account deficit
我們不應該假定進口及出口有足夠的價格彈性：在貨幣升值時，經常帳盈餘必然會減少當貨幣貶值時，經常帳赤字必然會減少。As the price level goes up, 10 yuan notes are becoming more commonly used for change. the usage of 10 yuan is also greater than other denomination. therefore, we need a new denomination between 50 yuan and 10 yuan to satisfy the circulation need
隨著物價水平的不斷提高，在商品交易中10元面額的主幣逐步承擔起找零的角色，相對其他面額的貨幣來講， 10元面額票券的使用量較多，致使客觀上需要一種介於50元與10元面額之間的票券擔當重任，以滿足市場貨幣流通的需要。As the price level goes up, 10 yuan notes are becoming more commonly used for change. the usage of 10 yuan is also greater than other denomination. therefore, we need a new denomination between 50 yuan and 10 yuan to satisfy the circulation need. consequently, 20 yuan is added to complete the currency system
隨著物價水平的不斷提高，在商品交易中10元面額的主幣逐步承擔起找零的角色，相對其他面額的貨幣來講， 10元面額票券的使用量較多，致使客觀上需要一種介於50元與10元面額之間的票券擔當重任，以滿足市場貨幣流通的需要。1 ) if bank capital are forbidden thoroughly to get into stock market, it will bring low profit on monetary market, constrict the development of capital market and affect the transmission of monetary policy ; 2 ) vice versa, allowing bank capital to flow into stock market too early may also lead to unfavorable effects, such as endangering financial stability, disturbing financial order and constraining the development of economy
（ 1 ）限制銀行資金入市，造成了貨幣市場收益率低下，商業銀行、保險公司在貨幣市場上融出資金基本無利可圖，只好通過各種途徑違規進入股市；使資本市場失去資金支持，不僅造成市場流動性不足，還因缺乏基準利率參照而難以形成合理的定價機制，制約了資本市場的發展；影響貨幣政策的傳導，貨幣市場與資本市場的關聯性低，貨幣政策信號受阻，傳導路徑相對單一，貨幣政策效應的時滯加大。It would not be appropriate to extrapolate these results to try to estimate how much tightening would be needed to correct a substantial putative overvaluation in stock prices, but it seems clear that a light tapping of the brakes will not be sufficient
擬譯：嘗試由這些結果去推測糾正顯著的股價高估所需要的貨幣政策緊縮程度，這種方法是不恰當的，但「輕踩剎車」明顯不足以解決問題。Economics assessment models try to value population, society, resources, environment and over - loss of resources and pollution of environment into money, but it has many disadvantages. first, market price can not really reflect the scarcity of resources
經濟學評價模型試圖把人口、社會、資源、環境以及資源的過渡損耗和環境污染等因素以貨幣的形式表達;但是，貨幣化技術在評價區域資源約束時存在著不足? ?市場價格不能真實反映資源的價值。The content of the first part is the systematic introduction of the generation, deduction and development of the option pricing theory. emphasis is laid on the black - scholes option pricing model and its analytic solution with the restriction of the boundary condition. by adjusting the basic hypothesis of the model, the model is broadened to the multi - factor option pricing model
通過引入風險中性假設，推導期權價格滿足的微分方程，結合基於股票的不付紅利歐式看漲看跌期權價格的邊界條件，得出方程的解析解，並通過轉化得出支付紅利的歐式期權的價格，以及美式期權和以其他資產為標的的期權的價值，如貨幣期權和股票指數期權。50 cents in respect of the first hk $ 46, 000 of the value of the goods and 25 cents in respect of each additional hk $ 1, 000 or part thereof and rounded up to the nearest 10 cents. for exports of hong kong manufactured clothing and footwear items specified in the schedule to the industrial training ( clothing industry ) ordinance, chapter 318, clothing industry training levy of 30 cents in respect of each hk $ 1, 000 value or part thereof in addition to the export declaration charge
香港法例第三壹八章《工業訓練（制衣業）條例》附表所列的港製成衣品及配件和鞋履項目，在出口時除繳付上述出口貨品報關費外，每港幣一千元或不足港幣一千元價值的貨物須加繳制衣業訓練徵款港幣三角。In 1999, facing the complex economic environment home and abroad, especially when the contradiction of insufficient effective demand became more prominent, the state adopted comprehensive counter measures in a timely manner to increase the implementation of active fiscal policy and try to give play to the role of monetary policy, utilize adjustment and control means such as tax, price and income distribution, effectively drive investment, increase consumption and expand export
1999年，針對復雜的國內外經濟環境，特別是有效需求不足的矛盾進一步突出的情況，國家及時採取綜合性對策，進一步加大實施積極財政政策的力度，努力發揮貨幣政策作用，綜合運用稅收、價格和收入分配等調控手段，有效地拉動投資、增加消費和擴大出口。The first chapter reviews the theories and empirical literature on asymmetric effect of monetary policy. after reviewing the research history of asymmetric effect, we can find that there are four reasons to explain the existence of asymmetric effect, the asymmetric price adjustment, the credit constraints, the outlook changing, and two constraints ( reserve requirements and capital requirements ) theory. compared with overseas research, domestic scholars began to study asymmetric effect after 2000, most of their research focused on empirical analysis and few of them gave thorough explanation for empirical conclusion
各章節的主要內容和觀點如下:論文的第一章首先對貨幣政策非對稱效應的理論作了一個研究綜述，在追溯了貨幣政策非對稱效應研究的歷史沿革以後，具體歸納了目前為止西方學者歸納出的產生貨幣政策非對稱效應的四個主要原因，即信貸約束效應、預期效應、價格調整的非對稱效應、存款準備金率和資本充足率雙重約束效應。分享友人