軟預算約束 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [ruǎnyùsuànyāoshù]
軟預算約束 英文
soft budget constraint
  • 軟 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （質地不硬） soft; flexible; supple; pliable 2 （柔和） soft; mild; gentle 3 （軟弱） we...
  • 預 : Ⅰ副詞（預先; 事先） in advance; beforehand Ⅱ動詞（參與） take part in
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 預算 : budget1991
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  1. As a kind of endogenic phenomenon of progressive reform, the reasons of financial dilemma lie in financial preference of nationalization and soft budget restriction of state - owned enterprises, asymmetric information and the rate which is not decided by market transaction, and the actual ownership - discrimination of stock market and bond market

    作為漸進改革的一種內生現象，民營經濟的金融困境源於「國有化」金融偏好與國有企業預算軟約束，信息不對稱與利率非市場化，以及股票市場與債券市場事實上的「所有制」歧視。
  2. In this paper matlab and vb are used to build a software which can predict absorption coefficient ' s of the underwater anechoic coatings from these analytical models. finally, some algorithm of the single parameter minimization, nonrestraint nonlinear minimization and restraint minimization in the optimization design theory are studied. the formulas of absorption coefficient of these analytical models are object functions

    本論文利用各種解析模型的聲學設計理論，使用matlab與vb軟體建立了一套水下消聲覆蓋層吸聲系數預報軟體，研究了最優化設計中單參數最小化、無約束非線性最小化和有約束最小化理論的一些演算法，利用現有模型的吸聲系數計算公式作為目標函數，初步優化了一些結構的材料參數。
  3. Nevertheless, in the past, our financial management always focused on the income management, and on the other hand, in the aspect of the expenditure management, problems coursed by the old system such as disorder of budgets, weak restrictions and low efficiencies of the expenditure had not been submitted to the agenda of reform

    然而，過去我國財政管理的重心一直是收入管理，而在支出管理方面，舊體制所造成的預算不規范，預算軟約束、財政支出效率不高等問題卻一直沒能提上改革議程。
  4. The ultimate reason is that sate - owned listed companies are none the less struck by sbc, and the state - owned banks do not realize commercialization. the ownership relation among " listed companies - - state - owned banks - - government " keeps unchanged

    其根本原因在於國有上市公司融資依然存在軟預算約束，我國國有銀行尚未真正實現商業化， 「上市公司? ?國有銀行? ?政府」之間依然保持著剪不斷理還亂的所屬關系。
  5. Soft budget constraints

    軟預算約束
  6. Then the author combines sbc with practice of chinese economic transition in order to analyze and discuss current problems in transition economy from three aspects in chapter 3

    然後在第3章中把軟預算約束與我國的經濟轉軌實踐結合起來，從三個方面分析、探討了轉軌經濟中存在的問題。
  7. It can be seen that the way that rebuilding the soe as the stock companies and then listing can not change the soe into real modern enterprise. sbc still exists in state - owned listed companies

    由此可見，通過股份制改造上市並沒有使國有企業成為真正的現代企業，國有上市公司仍然存在軟預算約束。
  8. On the other hand, according to the demonstration, listing the state - owned banks is not a smooth way, and after listing the state - owned banks will probably face the problem of sbc and bad assets

    其次，國有銀行上市並非坦途大道，國有銀行上市后仍可能面臨軟預算約束，不良資產問題仍可能困擾國有上市銀行。
  9. The sbc in the sectors of state - owned economy not only makes soe lack of competition promoting and be deficient, but also lead to a great number of non - performing bank loans, which may cause tremendous risk of finance crisis in the national economy

    國有經濟部門的軟預算約束不但使國有企業缺乏競爭激勵、效率低下，而且造成了大量的銀行不良資產，給國家經濟體系帶來巨大的金融危機風險。
  10. The author focuses on the optimization of economic transition in china from the view of soft budget constraint ( sbc ). firstly, the author introduces the origin, development of sbc and significance of research on it briefly in chapter 1 and introduces four representative theories of factor analysis of sbc systematically in chapter 2

    首先在第1章中簡要介紹了軟預算約束的起源、發展及研究軟預算約束的理論意義和實際意義，並在第2章中系統介紹了四種有代表性的軟預算約束成因分析理論。
  11. The government ' s leading investment has higher cost of entering market, which brings on too bigger scale and more overlapping of investment item ; the government ' s leading investment also has higher obstacle of withdrawing market, which induces the flexibleness of budget restriction and the aggravation of district protecting

    政府主導型投資的進入成本更低，導致此類投資的項目規模更大，重復建設更加普遍；退出障礙更高，導致與之相關的預算軟約束、地方保護問題嚴重。
  12. The soft budge constraint and bad loan mechanism among state - owned commercial banks

    預算軟約束與國有商業銀行不良貸款形成的機制
  13. Discusses the relation between local government fostering, soft restriction on business budget and overinvestment

    摘要論述了地方政府的扶持、企業預算軟約束與投資過熱的關系。
  14. One of the possible reasons for the inefficient utilization of resource in universities is the soft budget constraint

    摘要大學預算軟約束是造成大學資源利用效率低下的重要原因。
  15. This paper focuses on the explaining of sbc in universities from the exogenous and endogenous points of view, and based on this analysis, it puts forward some rational and feasible advice

    本文從外生性和內生性的角度分析了大學預算軟約束的成因，並在此基礎上提出了合理可行的對策建議。
  16. In order to deal with those extremely complex constraints, a two step method was used to solve this optimization problem

    在預處理中利用stk軟體計算時間窗口的約束條件，然後在計算數據的基礎上再建立數學模型並進行求解。
  17. In addition, the author analyzes the reverse coercion system of the soft budget restriction and points out that the collective action taken by state - owned enterprises once coerce banks into providing them the credit

    此外，筆者還分析了預算軟約束的倒逼機制，指出國有企業的集體行動曾迫使銀行提供信貸。
  18. With regard to the existing soft budget constraint problems in some countries after economic transition, the paper makes some comprehensive analyses on the development of the soft budget constraint theory

    摘要針對一些國家在經濟轉軌后仍然存在預算軟約束問題，本文對預算軟約束理論的近期發展進行了總結分析。
  19. In the mature markets such as america, the corporation is an independent financing subject, which has hard budget control. however in china, the corporation is not an independent subject, which is affected by the special economic environment

    企業在相當程度上還不是一個獨立的融資主體，企業產權關系不清，企業的運行在不同程度上面臨著預算軟約束和信貸軟約束，缺乏有效的破產機制的約束。
  20. This present thesis studies the above - mentioned problems by analyzing the characteristics of financial behavioral of state - owned listed companies and measure the degree of soft budget constraint ( sbc )

    本文從國有上市公司融資行為的特徵這一角度出發，以預算約束的軟硬程度做標準，對這個問題進行深入剖析。
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