通貨收縮 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tōnghuòshōusuō]
通貨收縮 英文
contraction of money in circulation
  • 通 : 通量詞（用於動作）
  • 貨 : Ⅰ名詞1. （貨幣; 錢） money 2. （貨物; 商品） goods; commodity 3. （指人, 罵人的話） 4. 動詞[書面語] （出賣） sell
  • 收 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把攤開的或分散的事物聚集、合攏） put away; take in 2 （收取） collect 3 （收割） harvest...
  • 縮 : 縮構詞成分。
  • 通貨 : [經] currency; current money通貨貶值 depreciation of currency; 通貨回籠 recall currency; withdraw...
  • 收縮 : 1 （由大變小; 由長變短） contract; shrink 2 （緊縮） concentrate one s forces; draw back 3 take u...
  1. On the basis of classifmg deflation into moderate deflation and harmful deflation, this paper summarized the achievements of the deflationary research, and made a thorough inquiry into the harm, cause and treatment of deflation. the paper analyzed the fallacy of composition, and pointed out that the fallacy of composition owns two characteristics of self - intensifing and mutual - promoting, which make deflation continue and aggravate. the asymmetry between individual and total is another basic characteristic owned by the fallacy of composition, which changes the economic fluctuation if the fallacy of composition develops continually

    本文對「合成謬誤」這一經濟現象進行了初步分析，指出合成謬誤具有自我強化和相互促進的特點，在經濟遭受負向外部沖擊的情況下，這使總有效需求累積性收縮，通貨緊縮因此得以自我維持，並被不斷加深；合成謬誤發展的結果是引起短期內經濟波動發生轉換，而這正是由於合成謬誤所具有的個量與總量之間存在著非對稱性這一根本特徵所決定的。
  2. The radical shrinking of allende ' s bloated state was a way to avoid sharing patronage, and thus power, with the armed forces

    他的迅速收縮政策也是為了徹底遏制阿連德時期國家經濟通貨膨脹化，當然這也是一種避免分享特權以及政權、軍權的一種方式。
  3. Is deflation made in china

    通貨收縮中國製造？
  4. Hong kong is experiencing deflation alongside deregulation and other fundamental economic changes

    香港經濟正面對市場開放、通貨收縮以及其他根本上的轉變。
  5. In 1999, the hong kong economy started to recover in the midst of unprecedented price deflation

    在前所未見的通貨收縮下，香港經濟在1999年踏出復甦的第一步。
  6. As a result, manufacturers will reduce production, and the economy may fall into a deflationary spiral

    結果，製造商減產，以至經濟進一步萎縮，形成通貨收縮（簡稱「通縮」 ）的漩渦。
  7. Longer observation is needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn, but deflation, taking the word to mean an ongoing or may be even a spiralling process of falling prices, may be over, and the turning point may have been in august 2003

    當然，要百分百肯定，就需研究更長期的數據走勢。不過通縮，即物價持續下跌甚至是所謂通貨收縮的惡性循環經濟現象的情況可能已經告終，而轉捩點或許是在2003年8月出現的。
  8. Investment remained sluggish among the business community, with the stagnant property market and deflationary environment keeping investors hesitant. investment fell by 19. 8 percent in the first nine months of 1999. however, with the strong turnaround of the external sector, real gdp is projected to increase by about 2. 0 percent in 1999

    商界的投資氣氛在年內仍然薄弱，地產市道呆滯以及通貨收縮增添投資者的顧慮。在1999年首9個月實質投資下跌百分之十九點八。縱使如此，憑
  9. In addition to the overall rate of inflation or deflation, the sectoral distritribution of income has been at issue.

    除了總的通貨膨脹率或收縮率之外，部門間的收入分配也是爭論之點。
  10. If the banking system were tightened up, or if government would either reduce its spending or raise taxes, or both, the inflation would be brought to a halt.

    如果銀行系統收縮銀根，如果政府減少支出或增加稅收，或者兩者都採用，通貨膨脹就將停止。
  11. Based on the analysis of deflation and the regulation of tax policy in china, the paper maintains that choices of tax policy should be based on not only a short - term changeable mechanism but also a long - term one that can automatically stab lice

    在分析通貨緊縮和我國稅收政策調控的基礎上，本文認為對稅收政策的選擇不應僅僅立足於短期的相機抉擇機制，而應立足於長期的自動調節機制。
  12. Current account deficits and deflationary pressure are being shifted from the us towards other high - income countries

    經常帳戶赤字和通貨緊縮風險正在由美國轉向其他高收入國家。
  13. It regards the increase of the fortune as the principal goal, but pays little attention to the standards of the living condition of the native people, so that, the social benefit is not enough. in all, the extensive economic growth mode not only caused the low efficient usage of the capital, work force and resources but also arose the inflation and fluctuation

    總之，這種粗放型經濟增長方式不僅造成了資金、勞動力和能源的低效利用，還容易引發通貨膨脹和經濟波動，並且影響了人們就業水平和消費需求的提高及居民收入差距的縮小，從而使我國經濟的高速增長大打折扣。
  14. After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks

    如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。
  15. The reason that ec can improve the competitive ability of firms lies in the fact that, the cost of firms can relatively contracted, and the firms have the competitive advantages of enlarging without boundary. the relatively contracting of firms cost means, the effect of diminishing of managerial costs can simultaneously occurred in the fields of production costs, marginal costs, and transaction costs, with the results that the barriers of competition was founded because of the higher transaction costs of provision regarding to the businessmen of productions and services, which are caused by the reduction of production costs rendered by higher productivity, and of managerial costs rendered by the effect of substitution of soft manufactory technology. the relative enlarging of the optimal bound of firms means, that the firms can share managerial costs through the effect of scale of management by the employment of ec, that the scale of firms is enlarged while the managerial costs are cut as a result of the distributing of managerial costs to every liners and proceeds of the firms, which means that the same managerial costs can be used by larger - scaled firms

    電子商務之所以能提高企業競爭力，是因為企業成本相對收縮和企業的無邊界擴張競爭優勢，所謂企業成本相對收縮即邊際成本遞減，這種邊際成本遞減效應可以同時出現在生產成本、管理成本和交易成本三個領域中，電子商務通過提高勞動生產率來降低生產成本，柔性製造技術的替代效應降低了庫存管理成本，與此同時，電子商務減少企業與消費者之間的環節，縮短路徑距離而降低企業內外的交易成本，提高了企業產品和服務分銷商改變供貨方式的交易成本，使之形成企業競爭的壁壘；所謂企業最優邊界的相對擴張，是指由於規模管理效應即電子商務運用信息技術使企業以低信息成本共享管理成本，使企業總體管理成本分攤到各個管理環節和流程中，企業規模擴大而邊際管理成本逐漸下降，相同的管理成本可用於管理更大規模的企業，即隨著電子商務在企業中的應用，企業的最優邊界相對擴張了。
  16. Deflation may have shorttermbenefits, particularly if it is the result ofgreater efficiencies in the economy, but if itlasts too long, or if it is the result of weakeningdemand, it can be a negative, self - perpetuatinginfluence on economic activity, discouragingconsumption, reducing revenue and wagelevels, pushing up bad debts and increasingthe rate of bankruptcy

    通貨緊縮也有可能會產生短期效益，尤其如果它是因為經濟效率提高而出現的，但是如果通貨緊縮時間延續過長，或者它是因為需求疲軟而出現的，就會對經濟活動產生長期的負面效應，抑制消費、使收益減少、工資水平降低，使環賬增多、破產速率加快。
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