進行反還價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìnhángfǎnháijià]
進行反還價 英文
counter counteroffer
  • 進 : 進構詞成分。
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 反 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方向相背） reverse side 2 （造反） rebellion 3 （指反革命、反動派） counterrevolutionari...
  • 還 : 還副詞1 （表示現象繼續存在或動作繼續進行; 仍舊） still; yet 2 （表示在某種程度之上有所增加） even...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 進行 : 1 （開展） be in progress; be underway; go on 2 （從事） carry on; carry out; conduct; make 3 （...
  1. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

    研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。
  2. Since twentieth century scholars all of the world have studied on the indoor thermal environment, this paper first summarizes in detail on thermal environment and thermal comfort, air - conditioning mode and energy conservation, thermal environment judge, simulation and emulation, environment physiology, preventive medicine, hygienics and epidemiology, garment etc of native and foreign countries ’ research status in quo. it introduces the mature achievement of human and environment heat transfer model, thermal environment evaluating indicators and comfort influence factors, standards of thermal comfort of the indoor environment, and some of which are researched in defence such as the thermal environment of aviation module or warship cabin of the psychologic and physiological influence on soldiers. so this paper still discusses human psychologic and physiological mechanics in thermal environment

    自20世紀以來，各國的學者紛紛對室內熱環境進行了研究，本文首先較為詳細地綜述了國內外熱環境與熱舒適，空調方式和節能，評判、模擬與模擬，環境生理學、預防醫學、衛生學、流行病學，服裝學等方面的研究現狀，介紹了人體與環境傳熱模型、熱環境評價指標、影響熱舒適的因素、室內環境熱舒適的標準等方面比較成熟的研究成果，研究中不乏有用於國防研究的特定熱環境（如航空艙、軍艦艙）對士兵生理和心理方面的影響，因此本文還闡述了有關在熱環境下人體生理和心理反應的機理。
  3. The fallacy of composition is a kind of " macro - market failure ", so the stabilization policy should be chosen by the state. also, the paper analyzed the economic bodies " responses and the state ' s behaviors in the deflationary environment, and studied the price fluctuations in the money angle, and finally summarized the causes of the deflation in our country, pointing out that over - investment is the main factor. several suggestions about setting up some institutional and physical infrastructure facilities are brought forward in the end

    本文所做的工作還包括對通貨緊縮環境中微觀經濟主體的反應以及政府（央行）的行為進行了分析，並從貨幣角度對物價變動和通貨緊縮的形成作了探討，最後對我國通貨緊縮形成的原因進行了總結，認為90年代初期以來過度投資造成的生產能力相對過剩是引起我國通貨緊縮的主要原因，而抑制高通脹的「雙緊」政策、亞洲金融危機的沖擊以及國內一系列重大改革措施的負面影響等原因，則在一定程度上提前、加劇或延長了我國的通貨緊縮。
  4. A quantitative appraisal of the prospect of uranium mineralization is completed based on a set of hydrochemical data acquired from the known in - situ leachable sandstone - type uranium, including radon content, acid - alkali ratio, oxidized and reduced electronic potential, hydrocarbonate radical and uranium content in water

    但是在找鈾過程中僅用水化學成份、氡含量、酸堿度和氧化還原電位等數值進行描述，說明它們與鈾礦化的關系，這種單一因素的描述不能綜合反映與鈾礦化的聯系程度，以定量評價鈾礦化與上述因素的關系，從而影響了水化學找礦的效果。
  5. Tts creativity consists in that the use of the quantiative index - - the atandard deviation of the npv can make the analysis reflect the prachce mor objechvely, and that it is a opeiilng system that new variables can be added into according to the practical conditions, which both increase the prachcal value of the system

    它較已有分析系統的創新處在於：用凈現值的標準差來對房地產投資的各種風險進行定量化，使風險分析更加客觀地反映真實的經濟狀況。同時該系統模型還是一個開放的系統，它並不局限於某幾種風險的分析，可根據實際情況不斷加入新的變量，其實用價值較高。
  6. By profound and object analysis combining marxism theory with the reality of china at that time, the paper p oints out the reasons the traditional. socialist model was built in new china as well. on the basis of the analysis, the paper put forwards several self - examinations with great theoretical and realistic significance for better socialist construction in china in future

    本文還力圖結合馬克思主義理論和當時中國的實際做了深入客觀的分析，指出了傳統社會主義模式在新中國得以確立的原因，從而也為我們后來如何更好地進行社會主義建設，提出了一些較有理論和現實價值的反思。
  7. Applying some theories and methods in industrial structure and strategic management, the article integrates papermaking industry ' s actuality and tries to set down strategic measures. firstly, by analyzing its interior and exterior surroundings and applying the factor evaluating matrix, papermaking industry ' s problems are found that it can not effectively react to the exterior surroundings and has relatively inferior interior. by applying swot matrix, main opportunities, threaten

    首先，通過對行業內外部環境的分析，運用環境因素評價矩陣揭示了目前造紙產業對外部環境做出的有效反應還不夠，內部環境還處于相對劣勢地位，運用swot矩陣確認了造紙產業主要機會與威脅、主要優勢與劣勢；其次，確立了造紙產業的使命與目標，並使其與有關的環境因素相結合，運用swot匹配矩陣，先提出了戰略備選方案，接著運用定量戰略評價矩陣對造紙產業的發展戰略方案進行了優化。
  8. Of them some renect and propagate the philosophical views of the confucian, buddhist and taoist schools ; some tell about philosophy of life for molding lofty sentiments ; and some are classical poems or essays, which, while embellishing, enhancing or creating the beauty of garden scenes, trigger off extensive imagination, produce a congenial atmosphere and bring mental satisfaction to the dweller and visitor. moreover, the manuscripts in the handwriting of celebrated calligraphers collected in the suzhou gardens constitute a treasure trove of art works and cultural relics

    其中有反映和傳播儒釋道等各家哲學觀念思想流派的有宣揚人生哲理，陶冶高尚情操的還有藉助古典詩詞文學，對園景進行點綴生發渲染，使人于棲息游賞中，化景物為情思，產生意境美，獲得精神滿足的。而園中匯集保存完好的中國歷代書法名家手跡，又是珍貴的藝術品，具有極高的文物價值。
  9. Chapter two makes a systematic review of our country ' s grain circulation system reform. based on chapter two, chapter three analyzes the reasons for the reversion of grain circulation system reform in our country, the author thinks that, from the deep - seated reasons, the imperfectness of the price formation mechanism in grain sector, the lag of the development of the main body in grain market, the unharmony of benefits distribution mechanism between the production and vendition areas, the lag of adjustment mechanism in grain import & export, are all reasons for the reversion of our country ' s grain circulation system reform, and also, all these reasons are closely connected with the lack of efficient agricultural product futures market. chapter four discusses the development course of our country ' s futures market, then analyzes the existing problems in the futures market

    其中，第二章對我國糧食流通體制的演變歷程作了一個系統的回顧；第三章在第二章的基礎上，深入分析了我國糧食流通體制改革多次出現反復的原因，作者認為，從深層次的原因來看，主要是由於糧食價格形成機制不健全、糧食市場主體發育滯后、產銷區之間的利益分配機制難以協調以及糧食進出口調節機制的滯后性等原因造成了我國糧食流通體制改革的多次反復，而這些問題的存在歸根到底都與我國缺乏運作有效的農產品期貨市場有很大的關系；第四章對我國農產品期貨市場的發展歷程及其存在的問題進行了探討，通過具體的分析，作者認為，由於當時我國的農產品期貨市場本身還很不成熟與完備，因此，它無法在我國前兩輪糧食流通體制改革中發揮其固有的功能和作用。
  10. Section four shows the study of the economic effect evaluation on the extend project of the liyujian power plant. a economic effect evaluation is a core material of evaluating investment projects, in which the indices being used is also very important as they represent the economic degree of the project. indices of invest return circle, invest return rate, net present value, net annual value, internal return rate, external return rate, sensitivity analysis are used in this project and the conclusion that the project brings both satisfactory economic benefit and significant social payback

    經濟效果評價是投資項目評價的核心內容，而經濟效果評價的指標又是非常重要的，它們從不同角度反映項目的經濟性，本文選擇了投資回收期、投資收益率、凈現值、凈年值、內部收益率、外部收益率、敏感性分析等指標進行了定量分析及評價，並得出了結論：擴建工程項目不論社會效率，還是經濟效益都是很好的。
  11. The algorithm of strapdown inertial navigation system is also discussed and then use the flight - track generator to give a simulation, since a closed loop feedback integrated navigation system is designed in this paper, and the output of the filter must feed back to the strapdown inertial navigation system, the analysis of the algorithm in strapdown inertial navigation system is important. the scheme to design the trajectory of gps and the simulation of gps constellation are then studied, the simulation of gps constellation is given from the calculation of vernal equinox base on the principle of celestial mechanics, this method of different from other methods given by other paper and is useful to the research of satellite navigation system. a new method to abstract noise modal in integrated navigation system is proved to be useful in practice, this method, which is given by use the principles of stochastic processes, statistics, time series analysis, and system identification, is suitable for the kalman filter in integrated navigation system

    如航跡產生器的設計，該航跡產生器是研究組合導航問題的前提，從國外一些研究組合導航系統的文獻中可以看出，設計這樣一個航跡產生器是非常必要的，所以本文自行設計了這樣一個系統；還討論了捷聯慣性導航系統中捷聯解算的方法，並進行了模擬研究，由於在本文設計的閉環反饋式組合導航系統中，對捷聯慣導系統的平臺誤差進行閉環控制，需要將濾波器輸出的校正量反饋到捷聯解算內部，所以必須對捷聯解算進行深入的研究和分析，更何況捷聯解算問題本身也是導航界的一個熱門研究課題；另外，本文還介紹了gps軌道及其星座模擬的設計思想和方案，與以往gps軌道和星座模擬不同的是本文從天體力學中計算春分點開始，逐步進行gps軌道及其星座模擬，這樣的設計方法對從事衛星導航的研究工作是有價值的；還對組合導航中誤差建模方法進行了研究，綜合運用隨機過程、概率統計、時序分析及系統辯識等方面的理論提出了一套適合組合導航卡爾曼濾波的誤差建模方法，並運用實際研究工作中的測量數據對該方法進行了驗證。
  12. Due to the importance of earnings index in evaluating the managing achievements and gaining ability, some listed companies often manipulate earnings index. for example, the managers color financial reporting in order to enhance issuing price before coming into the market ; the managers manipulate earnings management to obtain share allotment qualification or avoid being deficit in three years ; on the side, the managers tend to manipulate earnings for their interests. the measures and methods of earnings manipulation in public companies are more and more, for example, affirming earnings in advance, altering means of accounting operation, the recombining of assets, related deals. the financing data of earnings reporting cannot reflect the truth, which cannot forecast things in the future. without good quality, the earnings losses reference value. the low quality of earnings will mislead investors and bring them serious lose

    因此，本文認為我們在進行企業的盈利能力評價時，不能單一地考察會計盈餘數據，還要深入研究會計盈餘的質量問題。因為雖然會計盈餘指標可以反映企業收益的總體水平，但由於它不能反映其具體內容構成與形成過程，也就無法揭示它的內在質量。比如，對一個收益質量很差，但卻有較高收益總量的企業來說，如果投資者僅僅考察其利潤總額數，而忽視了其利潤總額的構成，往往就會被表面假象所迷惑，從而誤認為該企業的經營業績較高;但從收益質量上對該企業
  13. Under this mechanism, a household expenditure survey for cssa households is conducted every five years, in addition to the annual adjustment. the aim is to update the ssaip in light of the relative importance of individual items of goods and services consumed by cssa households, to ensure that the index can more accurately reflect the expenditure pattern of cssa households and the impact of price changes on the purchasing power represented by the cssa standard rates

    在此機制下，我們除了每年按社援指數的變動調整綜援標準金額外，還會每五年進行一次綜援住戶開支統計調查，根據受助人在不同種類的商品及服務上的消費比重，修訂社援指數，確保該指數更能準確反映綜援受助人的消費模式及物價變動對綜援標準金額購買力的影響。
  14. The reduction of ilmenite is one of the key steps of preparation of ti ( c, n ) reinforced iron - based composites by carbothermic reduction. the investigation on the thermodynamics and reaction mechanism of redution has its practical and theoretical value on the stipulation on the process conditions of ti ( c, n ) reinforced iron - based composites

    鈦鐵礦的還原過程是碳熱還原制備鐵基ti （ c ， n ）增強復合材料的關鍵步驟之一，對還原過程的熱力學和反應機理進行研究對制定鐵基ti （ c ， n ）增強復合材料工藝條件具有重要的現實意義和理論價值。
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