過度交易 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guòdùjiāoyì]
過度交易 英文
overtrading
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 過度 : excessive; over; undue; ana-; hyper-
  1. It is right apprehensible for higher system of a kind of performance another a kind of system of in lieu of process, and also apprehensible for right a production line for better system, return apprehensible for the ameliorative process that the system of the interpersonal bargain activity construction

    它既可理解為一種效益更高的制度對另一種制度的替代過程，也可理解為對一種更有效益制度的生產過程，還可理解為人與人之間交易活動的制度結構的改善過程。
  2. The structure of this paper goes like this, the first chapter introduce the development of e - b / l in practice and in laws. and draw a conclution that the electrification of the b / l is a history tide. in the second chapter, on the basic of reseach the security trap in e - b / l running, 1 conclude six security elements of, e - b / l : the liability of the system, the authenticity of dealers ' identity. the integrity and secrecy of electronic data, and the validity and evidence effectiveness of electronic data. from the third chapter to the eighth, 1 reseach these elements one by one. the third chapter introduce the establishment of the e - b / l security system, and some related laws the fourth chapter introduce the certification authority of e - b / l. in the fifth chapter, 1 introduce the encrypt of electronic information and some countries ' control on use / import / export crytography. the sixth chapter introduce the concept and principle of digital signature, and reseach some related legal issues. the seventh chapter reseach the legal demand of validity, then come to a conclution that to establish a independent electronic information system is necessary. in the eighth chapter, 1 reseach some countries " regulation on the evidence effectiveness of electronic data

    第二章在分析電子提單運作中的安全隱患的基礎上，歸納出其六大安全要素，即系統的可靠性、交易者身份的真實性、數據電訊的機密性和完整性、數據電訊的合法有效性以及交易者行為的不可抵賴性。第三章到第八章分別對這六大要素進行分析：第三章介紹了電子提單網路安全體系的建立以及系統安全保護法規，第四章則介紹了電子提單的安全認證機構，第五章介紹了信息加密技術以及各國立法對密碼技術的進出口及使用的控制，第六章介紹了數字簽名的概念及原理，並以bolero為例介紹了數字簽名的技術方式，對有關法律問題作了論述；第七章首先論述了電子提單對有效性的法律需求，然後結合國內法和國際規則的規定論證了數據電訊制度產生的必然性；第八章通過對各國立法對電子證據的法律效力的規定，論述了對電子交易至關重要的數據電訊的不可抵賴性。
  3. In the years of errors and corrections respectively, through the empirical analysis on stockjobbing amount and price, it researches there ' s no difference on studied sample and control sample in appointed areas, and the investors of our securities business have no specially attention on these information. on the other word, we validate the corrections of accounting errors have no market conductibility. later, it analysis the reasons

    分別在會計差錯的發生年度和差錯的更正年度中，通過測試和控制樣本的股票交易量、平均超額收益率和累計超額收益率在報表公布日前後各30天的時窗內的檢驗，說明我國證券市場的投資者對這類信息未予以特別關注，即我國上市公司的會計差錯及其更正行為不具有市場傳導效應，並進一步從理論上分析了這種現象產生的原因。
  4. This article takes the corrections of accounting errors as one of the profit - manipulate. it begins with the root and the objective condition of the profit - manipulate, to analysis the reason and motivation of the corrections of accounting errors. then, on the base of the effective market content and the capm theory, this paper analyses empirically the market conductibility of corrections of accounting errors with all " a " shares in 2001, and discovers there is no difference on stockjobbing amount and price

    從利潤操縱存在的根源和客觀條件入手，分析上市公司進行會計差錯及其更正的原因和動機；然後，以有效市場假說的基本理論和資本資產定價模型為基礎，對2001年滬市a股所有進行會計差錯更正的上市公司進行會計差錯的發生和更正的市場傳導效應研究，通過檢驗發現，公司年度報告披露前後時窗內的股票交易量和股票價格並未存在顯著差異。
  5. On the basis of all the conclusions above, the thesis preparatorily advances that there is another factor of link transaction behavior affecting vertical relationship, and gives primary definition of relative concepts. the thesis advances that link transaction behavior can be classified into priority transaction, information informing, risk co - affording. in order to form effective vertical transaction relationship, the transaction parties will positively process link transation behavior, including transforming incontractible variants into contractible variants or analogously contractible variants

    在此基礎上，本論文初步提出影響縱向關系的因素應該包括關系交易行為這一重要變量，並對關系交易行為和關系交易行為的相關概念作出初步的定義，初步提出企業的關系交易行為可以分為交易優先、信息告知、風險共擔三類，並在此基礎上初步分析其中的機理，並根據分析結果提出，當事人交易的過程是不斷提升關系的強度的過程，為了形成有效的縱向交易行為，當事人會主動進行信息告知等關系交易行為，通過把不可寫入合同的變量轉化為可以寫入合同或者可證實的變量來獲得有效交易。
  6. Another direct take market as beginning point move to corporation, under this case, it, basing on the analysis on the optima ] number of business partners, argue that the forming of vc is the sharing result of transaction cost and incentive of non - contractible investment. at the last, base on the analysis mentioned above, and combining with the cases about clothing enterprise in wenzhou city of zhejiang province, it make suggestions to sems on what is the key factor to set up vc

    另?個方向是以市場為起點，向企業方向發展，從這個角度本義以企業合作的最佳合作數量為研究對象，通過分析企業間協調成一本的以及參加虛擬企業的激勵因索，提出虛擬企業的形成是交易成本和對商業夥伴的非和約投資進行激勵兩種因素共同作用的結果。最後，本文價:前} fll章節的從礎卜，結合筆一者在溫州對企業調研的案例，對中小企業運用虛擬企業這種組織形式提出建議。
  7. The system of the appraisal right of dissentient shareholders is introduced, and the basis of the system is analyzed in this paper. the author claims that the system of the appraisal right of dissentient shareholders should be perfected in our corporate law. this paper contains three parts

    異議股東股份收買請求權制度是多數股東就法律規定的某些重大交易，如合併、重大資產買賣等事項通過決議時，給予反對該交易的持異議股東通過獲得現金補償退出公司的救濟機制。
  8. As a new financing instrument, since convertible bond came to the capital market of china, becase of its speclation and investment, it was accepted by government and companies and investors convertible bond may play an important role in broadening enterprises ' financing channels, enrich the variety of investing instruments and make our security market prosperous. csrc has issued the interrelated rules for public firms issue the convertible bonds. until the end of 2001, it has 55 firms plan to issue the the convertible bonds. but by end of 2002 only 5 firms issued the convertible bonds because of investor ' worry. but in 2003, the management strengthens the security market such as some public firms just to " fold money ", the convertible bonds become the most invest tools for the public firms refinance. only if the behavior of issuing convertible bonds is normalized our security market can tend towards a mature way, social capital can be optimized, and the public firms can also develop in an ample area. this paper base on the character of the convertible bonds

    國務院證券委員會在1997年3月25日頒發了《可轉換公司債券暫行管理辦法》 ，又於2001年4月26日頒發了《上市公司發行可轉換公司債券實施辦法》關于可轉換債券的規定和條例，對上市公司發行可轉換公司債券的要求條件比配股、增發更為寬松，截止到2001年4月，有200多家上市公司夠發行可轉換債券資格，到2001年底有55家公司計劃發行可轉換債券，但受到一些上市公司通過配股、增發等「圈錢」的影響，投資者對上市公司通過發行可轉換債券再融資是不得不持審慎態度， 2002年全年僅5家公司實施了可轉換債券，共籌集資金41 . 5億元人民幣，從總體發行情況看，發行規模越來越小，利率越來越高，投資者認可程度越來越低，發行和交易狀況每況愈下。
  9. In the model, one supposition is that the negotiant is risk neutral and rational. the other supposition is that the investors especially individual investors who acquire real information are irrational. we found irrational herding model of individual investors with the securities transaction mechanism and baye as well as the utility function of the information gainers

    在模型中假設做市商風險中性且理性、知情投資者尤其是個人知情投資者為非理性，通過證券交易機制和貝葉斯學習過程以及建立非理性知情投資者的效用函數來建立非理性影響下的個體投資者羊群效應模型，得到不同情緒狀態和對信息反應程度下個體投資者賣出羊群效應發生的條件。
  10. Never overtrade by taking large positions. this would violate your capital rule. remember " safety first.

    永遠不要用大頭寸（大倉位）來過度交易。這會違反你的資金規則，記住「安全第一」 。
  11. According to various economists " ( marx, kess, etc. ) theories on property right, this paper give detailed analysis on the necessity of the perspicuity of financial industries " property right system, in order to improve the collocating efficiency of financial assets with the decrease of transaction costs in financial transactions

    本文依據馬克思、科斯等人的產權經濟理論對金融業產權關系明晰化的必然性進行分析，認為有必要通過產權制度改革使產權關系明晰化，以降低金融交易中的交易費用，提高金融資產的配置效率。
  12. Firstly, proem, it concise introduces the background ; secondly, it introduces the reform of the commission system and the dilemma of the securities companies in our country ; thirdly, it puts forward the idea of implementation of " optionally differential strategies " as the natural choice for the future development of the securities brokers in our country, through the analysis of the current competitive environment of the securities companies in our country and study on the alternatives of competitive strategies ; the forth, it describes how to practice " optionally differential strategies ", which including three aspect : the choice of the core competition ability, the measures for the implementation are brought forth, and the condition of practice the strategies ; the fifth, it " s the summary of the dissertation

    第一部分，簡介論文寫作背景；每二部分，介紹我國傭金制度改革以及改革后我國證券公司所面臨的困境；第三部分，通過對現階段我國證券公司競爭環境的分析，進行競爭戰略選擇研究，提出實施選擇性差別化戰略應成為我國證券商未來發展的必然選擇。第四部分，提出「選擇性差別化戰略」的實施措施，包括拓展業務領域、拓寬交易渠道及改革證券商管理模式三方面可操作的內容；第五部分，對全文作概括性的總結。
  13. Having studied the securities tax system in china, the paper puts forward that the current single tax system of stamp duty in securities market cannot guarantee the fiscal and cannot promote the market efficiency and social equity

    本文通過對中國證券稅制的制度功能進行反思，認為當前以證券交易印花銳為主體稅種的單一稅制不僅難以保證足夠的財政收入，更無助於增進市場效率和維護社會公平。
  14. Therefore, how to summarizing the success or failure of the past one year, developing our new working on the base of the sodality, strengthen ourselves, do our character will be the task and the major goal of the website work in the future

    隨著電子商務概念的普及，預計兩年內電子商務的交易可增長十倍，金額增長到100億元人民幣。湖南海聯網站是希望通過努力，幫助廣大的非公有制企業抓住商機，擴大企業知名度的同時，能夠有機會開展電子商務。
  15. When the aggregate total of margin financing [ for that type of security ] in securities business money lending, in the margin trading market, and in securities settlement financing by securities finance enterprises as referred to in the preceding paragraph exceeds 20 percent of the listed shares or number of beneficiary units of that type of security, the remainder under the limit shall be distributed proportionally ; the distribution method shall be drafted by the tsec and submitted to the competent authority for final approval

    前項辦理證券業務借貸款項與信用交易市場及證券金融事業辦理有價證券交割款項之融資餘額合併計算超過該種證券上市股份或受益權單位數之百分之二十時，應依比例分配所餘額度，其分配方式由證券交易所擬訂，並報主管機關核定。
  16. Then, the article makes an analysis and comparison between market maker system and auction system, regarding to market running mechanisms and market performance

    在此基礎上，運用比較的方法通過具體的實例分析了競價制和做市商制在市場績效? ?流動性、穩定性、透明度和交易成本四方面的優缺點。
  17. Specially, based on risk - metric and factor variables, the author discusses multi - factor asset pricing model. in theoretical analysis, the author attempts to release the assumption of index ' s random walk, proves a portfolio selection model suitable for the linear index level moreover, based on assets un - exchangeable, the author brings forward asset pricing models for b - shares, h - shares and non - circulated - shares. the author also brings forward multi - factor asset pricing model based on risk - metric indices, such as coefficient of beta, standard variance, standard semi - variance, average absolute deviation, value at risk, and factor variables, such as circulated market equity, exchange ratio, short - term historical return

    在理論分析時，作者嘗試放鬆指數水平滿足隨機遊走過程的假設，推導出指數水平呈線性趨勢的資產組合選擇模型；此外，作者基於資產不可交易這一假設，提出了b股、 h股和非流通股等情形的資產定價模型，並基於系數、標準差、標準半方差、平均絕對離差和風險價值等風險度量指標以及流通市值、換手率、短期歷史收益率等因素變量提出了四因素資產定價模型。
  18. Using the measures of high concentration they developed as an indicator of the relationships ' strength, the two professors demonstrate that brokers with strong bank ties increase the probability of obtaining bank debt

    通過衡量交易的集中程度，並將其作為反映合作關系優劣的指示器，兩位教授證明，和銀行關系密切的經紀人能增加買方獲得貸款的可能性。
  19. Via entering into agreement, the three parties " personal interests will all close to social mterest. thus forms the best state of pareto. the responsibility rule of law economics further states that if the unauthorized disposer gets the right through legal compensation instead of market business. he or she can use resource more efficient and cost less, the key point of system design does n ' t rest with forbidding unauthorized disposition but ascertaining unauthorized disposer ' s compensation standard. the general conclusion of economic analysis method is that the other party of business is aware of or should be aware of the one he deals with is unauthorized, then the contract is invalid. otherwise the contract should be valid

    法律經濟學中的責任規則更進一步表明所有權的相對人（無權處分人）不通過市場交易而是以法定賠償取得權利，能避免過高交易成本的發生並實現效用更高的資源配置。制度設計的關鍵不在於禁止無權處分行為，而在於確定無權處分人的賠償標準。經濟分析方法的總體結論是，交易相對人明知或能以較小成本知悉處分人無權處分（如交易標的物為不動產）時，合同無效，除此之外，合同應為有效。
  20. During 2004 two indian companies, acc and amtek motors, successfully raised funds in excess of 60 million pounds after they issued depository receipts on the exchange

    2004年印度兩家公司， acc和amtek motors通過在交易所發行存托憑證，成功集資了超過6千萬英鎊的資金。
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