違法合同 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéifǎgětóng]
違法合同 英文
illegal contract
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 違法 : break the law; be illegal
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. The writer recognizes that as well to should include the concordat the occasion, quanta that establish him also infringement not default the square ' s proper avail, non obstinate this fraction the avail and does not occupy the point, and deny their entity but the non possums, for example the corporeal have the minor faults, treaty about body breach of warranty the etc. ultimately is a treaty about the negligence responsibility is an infringement reliance avail, the writer recognize and should include the modern law of contract of proper avail, quanta to have the infringement

    最後就是締約過失責任是只侵犯了信賴利益嗎，筆者認為應該包括固有利益，因為現代契約法有侵權法向合同法轉移的情況，其根源就是侵犯的包括固有利益。再次是關于預期違約責任的一些問題，預期違約來源於英美法系，對于預期違約的概念國內有三種，筆者認為它的定義是在合同締結之後至合同履行期到來之前產生的履約危險加以救濟的法律制度。
  3. For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion

    對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。
  4. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  5. I open a restaurant at signing contract of commodity chummage room to use as with landlord on november 18, 2006 ( at that time is the restaurant that makes over others ), this inn is in sha wan one in postern, my set up shop is less than a month, one in close, the business all the time very poor, but my chummage is handed in to all the time on june 20, 2007, on june 12 i move one part thing come home, because do not have a place to live at that time, live in inn all the time, after landlord sees, get on door lock instantly, cause me to cannot enter store, owe the charge of electricity that has a many month at that time, the water of 4 months is expended, landlord looks for me now must the evidence that i sign a beak a contract, otherwise continues to lease room set up shop, otherwise he i am sued in order to default water and electricity for cost, because water and electricity expends him to already was cleared on june 15, he defaults landlord of water charge of electricity to authority locks up the door in the regulation in the contract, the contract is written closely password code, urgent at that time set up shop, did not look careful, look now evil spirit eye, the penalty due to breach of contract in contract provision and amerce number are incomputable, i want to remove now contract, do not know what to idea there is

    我於2006年11月18日與房東簽訂了商品房租房合同用作開飯館（當時是轉讓別人的飯館） ，此店在沙灣一中后門，我開店不到一個月，一中封閉，生意一直很差，但我的房租一直交至2007年6月20日，在6月12日我將一部分東西搬回家，因為當時沒地方住，一直住在店裡，房東看到后立即將門鎖上，致使我無法進店，當時欠有一個多月的電費，四個月的水費，現在房東找我非要我簽一個違約的證據，要不繼續租房開店，要不他以拖欠水電費為由起訴我，因為水電費他已於6月15日交清，他在合同中規定拖欠水電費房東有權鎖門，合同寫得密密碼碼，當時急著開店，沒看仔細，現在一看煞了眼，合同條款中的違約金和罰款數都數不清，我現在想解除合同，不知有什麼辦法？
  6. As electronic funds transfers mainly use the bank card as launch tool, however, the present bank card itself has inhesion defaults, such as easily be forged and illegally used, so there have many unauthorized electronic funds transfers, and then it becomes a problem that any country which want to develop it. the loss caused by the third party outside the system is that party, such loss should be beard by the third party, just for sustaining normal operation of the system of electronic funds transfers, when the third party disappears, the loss should be allocated among parties in the system

    由於磁條式銀行卡易被偽造和冒用，使得未經授權的電子資金劃撥不斷發生，由此而造成的系統內的損失承擔也成為一個難以解決的問題。筆者通過考察我國各發卡銀行制定的銀行卡章程及領用合同中確定損失分擔的條款，發現這些條款違背了《合同法》第四十條的規定，違背了誠實信用原則，應當認定為無效。
  7. In the leading case of hochster v. de la tour, british court created the rule of repudiation in 1853, which allowed the victim to cancel contract and claim damages when the other party breached contract expressly. again in 1894 ' s mrs. single v. mr. single, british court established diminished expectation, allowing the victim to suspend his performance and to demand adequate assurance of the other party ' s performance if the other party breached main contract obligations, or to cancel contract and to claim damages when the other party failed to provide assurance of his performance

    本章第二節對明示預期違約進行了分析，從以下三方面展開：一、明示預期違約規則的確立與發展英美法最早於1853年英國法院在審理霍切斯特訴戴?納?陶爾案中確立了明示預期違約規則，允許預期違約的受害方當事人在對方違反合同主要義務時解除合同，並向違約方請求損害賠償。
  8. Distress or seizure of property was the mode of satisfaction for breach of contract.

    扣押或佔有財產是對違反合同而獲取補償的一種方法。
  9. 3 no period of grace may be granted to the seller by a court or arbitral tribunal when the buyer resorts to a remedy for breach of contract

    如果買方對違反合同採取某種補救辦法，法院或仲裁庭不得給予賣方寬限期。
  10. 3 no period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court or arbitral tribunal when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach of contract

    如果賣方對違反合同採取某種補救辦法，法院或仲裁庭不得給予買方寬限期。
  11. Article 106 citizens and legal persons who breach a contract or fail to fulfil other obligations shall bear civil liability

    第一百零六條公民、法人違反合同或者不履行其他義務的，應當承擔民事責任。
  12. Article 106. citizens and legal persons who breach a contract or fail to fulfil other obligations shall bear civil liability

    第一百零六條公民法人違反合同或者不履行其他義務的，應當承擔民事責任。
  13. If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the breach

    如果賣方已根本違反合同，第六十七條第六十八條和第六十九條的規定，不損害買方因此種違反合同而可以採取的各種補救辦法。
  14. They might try to take legal action against you if you break the contract

    （如果你違反合同，他們可能會對提起法律訴訟。 ）
  15. Remedies for breach of contract by the seller

    第三節賣方違反合同的補救辦法
  16. Remedies for breach of contract by the buyer

    第三節買方違反合同的補救辦法
  17. Ascertaining the responsibility for breaking a contract is one of the most important rules in present chinese contract law

    摘要違約責任追究制度是我國現行《合同法》合同法中的一項最重要的制度。
  18. 2 unless the buyer has received notice from the seller that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the buyer may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract

    除非買方收到賣方的通知，聲稱他將不在所規定的時間內履行義務，買方在這段時間內不得對違反合同採取任何補救辦法。
  19. 2 unless the seller has received notice from the buyer that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the seller may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract

    除非賣方收到買方的通知，聲稱他將不在所規定的時間內履行義務，賣方不得在這段時間內對違反合同採取任何補救辦法。
  20. To carry out the principles of justice and good faith, continent countries created the system of right of uneasy pleadings, allowing the former performer to exercise right of uneasy pleadings to suspend his performance and to claim assurance of the other party which is in bad property conditions and has the probability not to perform his obligations to pay the price or to take delivery of the goods. the system of right of uneasy pleadings has the same value and functions as that of anticipatory breach of contract, esp. diminished expectation

    （ 3 ）合同履行期屆至后尋求實際違約的救濟本章第三節對默示預期違約進行了分析，從以下三方面展開：一、默示預期違約規則的確立和發展英美法最早於1894年英國法院在審理辛格夫人訴辛格一案中確立了默示預期違約規則，允許默示預期違約受害方在對方違反合同主要義務時解除合同，並請求損害賠償。
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