邊際利率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [biānjìlìlǜ]
邊際利率
英文
marginal rate of interest-
Therefore, the central work what we should do by now is to optimize the level and structure of interest rate, to develop finical system, to strengthen finical inspect and to create conditions for the gradual development of interest system reform
因而,我們有必要從優化利率水平、利率結構,培育完善的金融體系,加強金融監管等方面著手,創造條件並沿漸進路徑從邊際調整中有序地推進利率體制改革。Combined marginal tax-benefit rates of 85 percent became common.
邊際稅-福利稅的合成比率達到85%,這已成為普遍的情況。The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on
總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低,教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等;財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下,政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門,而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等;體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等;結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。The result reveals that standardized software provides a higher return though there exist much customized demands in market ; governmental agencies as big clients contribute a lower return on sales and lower delivery rate because of their monopoly position ; regional business environment affects transaction costs greatly, causing a poor performance ; the performance is significantly influenced by incentive mechanism, not significantly by the cognitive of project managers
結果發現客戶對定製化需求大,但對標準化軟體卻有更高的邊際利潤;政府機構是大客戶,但其壟斷地位,所帶來的銷售利潤率和項目交付率並不高;地域商務環境影響交易成本,進而顯著地影響了項目的業績水平;項目業績受項目經理激勵程度和方式的影響,但與項目經理認知特徵無顯著關系。Rmb deposit and loan interest rate float block expands gradually, and progressively move towards marketization day by day. part iii : on the basis of using the experience and lessons of the change of interest rate in other countries for reference in course of the interest rate marketization, it is believed that there should be a course of raising up slightly in the interest rate in the early stage. but the market fluctuations it causes will not be too much ; according to actual operation result and a medium or long term of the reform, foreign currency interest rate has already drawn close to international interest rate competence progressively ; viewed from a short time, rmb loan interest rate total competence will tend towards dropping, some loan interest rate may rise ; the interest rate of the deposit will raise up unilaterally
總體而言,發展中國家的存貸利差要高於發達國家;第二部分:在總結前幾年利率改革包括市場化改革的基礎上,認為,迄今為止,我國利率市場化改革的程度總體上還比較低:同業拆借利率、貨幣市場債券回購利率、現券交易利率、外幣貸款利率、大額外幣存款利率等已完全市場化或基本市場化,人民幣存貸款利率的浮動區間已逐漸擴大,並已漸進的方式日益走向市場化;第三部分:在借鑒境外利率市場化過程中利率變動的經驗教訓的基礎上,認為在我國利率市場化的初期,利率應該有一小幅上揚的過程,但是其造成的市場波動應該不會太大;從改革的實際運作結果和中長期來看,外幣利率已經逐步的向國際利率水平靠攏;從短期來看,人民幣貸款利率總水平將趨于下降,部分貸款利率有可能上升,存款利率將會單邊上揚。And some experts even believe, the trend in the development of the iax system was, for quite some time, towards keeping high statutory tax rates, but simultaneously provide generous tax incentives tha t reduced the tax base. the basic asymmetry of tax system may favor large concerns, which may be in a better position to take advantage of the provisions in the tax code in certain states of nature. the result may be lower expected average and marginal tax rates, and a lower cost of capital, compared to newer and smaller companies
更有學者認為,在以往很長一段時間里,稅制的發展趨勢是高法定稅率,同時附加大量稅收激勵來縮小稅基,稅制的這種基本不對稱性對大公司有利,可以面對低預計平均和邊際稅率以及低資本成本,然而大公司基於其擴張性的組織結構,與富有彈性的內容提要小公司相比,它轉變供求狀況的適應能力相對遲緩,那麼偏祖于大公司的稅收政策可能會阻礙宏觀經濟增長率和結構調整。This is what he means by equality between the rate of interest and the marginal efficiency of capital.
他所說的利率等於邊際資本效率,意思就是這樣。Analyze the effect of the entrepreneurs " marginal productivity, leisure preference and the difficulty to monitor entrepreneurs on the agency costs. 5. given the entrepreneurs different preference, we analyze the effect of the material incentives and the spiritual incentives
利用委託代理理論對激勵監督機制問題進行研究,在對稱信息和非對稱信息條件下研究了企業的最優激勵合同與最優監督水平,分析了企業家的邊際生產率、閑暇偏好、努力成本和企業所有者對企業家的監督難度對代理成本的影響。The highest marginal tax rate can ' t reach one hundred percent even in a society advocating rawls social welfare function if a little attention is paid to labor supply effect given that he government has to achieve the goal of redistribution and finance income
即使在崇尚羅爾斯社會福利函數的社會里,政府同時兼顧再分配和財政收入目標的基礎上,只要略加考慮稅收對勞動供給的效應,哪怕是微弱的考慮和兼顧,最高邊際稅率都不會達到100 % 。The economic index of icor is also measured and applied to explore the chinese economic background. on the basis of mentioned analysis, the last chapter concluded “ wenzhou model ” and its government - oriented trend of heavy - industrialization at first. then the net loss of capital efficiency has been founded by the measurement of local icor
第三章探討了中國經濟「重化工化」的經濟現實及造成的效率和福利損失,並對改革開放以來中國經濟增長的資本效率進行了以邊際資本產出率( icor )為主要指標的經驗數據檢驗。Consumption demand depends on consumption tendency while effective demand on capital marginal efficiency and interest rate
消費需求是由消費傾向所決定的;投資需求是由資本邊際效率與利息率決定的。For years, interest rate transmission mechanism of monetary policy is regarded as the most important and the most efficient transmission mechanism, but its operation restrains from a series of factors, they mainly include economic entities " expectation, the situation of leisure recourses, marginal efficiency of capital, and so on
多年來,貨幣政策利率傳導機制被認為是貨幣政策最重要也是最有效的傳導機制,但其運行實際上受到一系列因素的制約,這主要包括:經濟主體的預期、市場上存在的閑置資源的狀況、資本邊際效率等。Following, making development study from the three directions : the first one is how to reduce calculation when to use markowitz model. this text has improved the efficient frontier of markowitz model utilizing free risk assets, and reduced calculation about revenue rates " co - variance matrix utilizing single or multiple factors, and so on. the second one is to add thinking factors about, such as transaction fee, fund limitation, lowest transaction unit ' s limitation, risk measures and exchange rate risk of international portfolio securities, so as to make markowitz model closer to our country ' s practice
接著,分三今方向對markowitz模型進行了拓展研究:第一個方向是運用markowitz模型時如何減少計算量,本文利用無風險資產來改進markowitz模型的有效邊界,利用單因子或多因子模型來減少收益率協方差的計算量等等;第二個方向是增加考慮因素,諸如交易費用、資金限制、最小交易單位限制,風險測度和國際組合證券的匯率風險,使markowitz模型更貼近我國的實際;第三個方向是對markowitz模型進行動態拓展研究,提出了將證券收益率看成是隨機序列時的投資決策模型,深入研究了m ? v有效邊界隨資產品種數增加而發生的漂移,並用解析方法和幾何圖形描述了漂移的軌跡和方向。The theory of marketing resource is discussed in detail, and the enterprise marketing resources budget is made into two parts, that are the fixed marketing resource and variable marketing resource for developing the new customers and maintaining old customers. the enterprise fixed marketing resources are made into three parts, which are the enterprise layer, the area layer and the customer layer. according to the customer marginal profit contribution ra te and the customer marginal value make the area layer or the customer layer marketing resource decompose into every customer step by step
然後本文對營銷資源的基本理論進行了詳細的論述,並就發展新客戶和維護老客戶兩方面的問題將企業營銷資源的預算分為固定營銷資源和變動營銷資源兩部分,再針對固定營銷資源部分將企業的營銷資源分為企業層、區域層和客戶層三個方面,並依據客戶邊際利潤貢獻率和客戶邊際價值兩個指標將區域層或客戶層的營銷資源逐步分解到各個客戶上。Accompanying with the transformation of the system circumstances and specialized investment, incomplete property contract will continue adjust enterprise ownership marginally ; achieve the transition from element parties participate in contract to governance parties. at the same time, the dissertation analysis governance parties " dimension and the decision efficiency of muti - individual union decide. this led to plural - character of corporate governance parties
企業的不完全產權契約隨著制度環境和專用性投資的變化,不斷的對企業所有權進行邊際調整,實現參與契約的要素主體向公司治理主體的轉變,同時,通過公司治理主體維度和多個體聯合決策有利於提高公司決策效率的分析,導出了公司治理主體的多元化特徵;並從有效監控成本和收益、制度性安排、社會文化傳統等角度對股東、職工、經營者和債權人等多元利益主體的行為進行了分析。The rationality of the pricing for seos is the key problem to its success. so, it is very important to study the scientific pricing model. at present, there are three methods of seos pricing model
理論界討論的增發定價模型有貼現現金流量定價模式、市盈率定價模式、市凈率定價模式、收入成長性定價模式和邊際利潤保障倍數定價模式等。With margins on stock trading dragged down by falling trading costs, exchanges know that their healthy return on equity ? 26 % a year on average for american bourses between 2001 and 2005 ? will be hard to sustain
交易成本降低帶來股票交易的邊際利潤的下滑,交易所清除它們投資的合理回報? ? 2001 - 2005美國交易所的凈資產收益率是年均26 % ? ?將很難維持。Benefiting from a healthy hong kong property market, the rental and occupancy rates of the group s investment properties in hong kong were sustained at high levels during the year, with sales of completed properties contributing to satisfactory profit margins for the division
受惠于香港物業市場復甦,集團在香港的投資物業之租金及入住率均有出色表現,而已落成物業之銷售亦為部門帶來滿意的邊際利潤。Since material costs also came down during the year, profit margin was not much affected
由於年度內原料價格亦同樣下降,因此邊際利率所受影響不大。In the second part, we randomly select 110 listed companies in sse according to its industrial ratio and examine the influence of 5 firm - specific characteristics on the general level of voluntary disclosure. the 5 variables tested are firm size, ownership structure, firm profitability, leverage and influence of audit firm. the first three variables are influential factors
在實證研究部分,本文按行業比重隨機抽取了滬市110家上市公司作為研究對象,利用其2002年年報和meek等學者建立的信息披露明細表,計算出上市公司自願性披露指數,並與五個可能的影響因素做回歸分析,分別是邊際利潤率、公司規模、大股東及其關聯股東、財務杠桿、審計機構的權威性,結果證明前三個因素對公司自願性披露有影響,與提出的假設相符。分享友人