邊際產出 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [biānjìchǎnchū]
邊際產出
英文
marginal output-
In this paper, the author argues that there are four factors which influence the mobility of human capital : individual ' s desire to move, the information for decision on movement needed by both the individual and the acceptant country, the opening level of the nation where the individual lives, the margin production of the individual
但人才能否實現跨國流動，還受作出理性決策所需信息完備程度、所在國開放程度以及人才資本邊際生產力高低的影響。從這四個影響因素出發，建立了分析人才跨國流動成因的理論模型。By the impact of the special rules of network economics, such as metcalfe rule and positive feedback rule, dot - corns have appears the new forms of commercial mode and mode of growth, and had special source of value
在網路經濟的特有規律，諸如梅特卡夫定理、邊際效用遞增和邊際成本遞減原理、正反饋原理等的作用下，網路公司表現出了全新的經營模式和成長模式，並產生了特有的價值形成和實現方式。The primary causes of the regime shortage are the state monopoly and the state control over the education. the primary cause of the structure shortage is that the budgetary appropriations are not in favor of the compulsory education and the underdeveloped district. then this article puts forward some suggestion to alleviant these kinds of educational shortage : to raise the repay of human capital ; to initiate a system of public financial regulation ; to increase the government appropriation for education ; to relax the state control over education ; to improve the form of the financial transference expenditure, and so on
總量性短缺的成因主要是我國人口多、經濟發展水平低，教育投資資本邊際效率遞減趨勢、教育投資預期收益相對偏低等；財政性短缺的主要成因是在國家加快推進工業化特別是優先發展重工業的戰略下，政府財政支出的重點必然傾向物質生產部門，而近二十年的財政制度創新都因利益格局的剛性只能作有限突破等；體制性短缺的成因主要是政府壟斷阻礙各類要素往教育領域的流入等；結構性短缺的成因主要是分級分權撥款體制無法保證教育投資的公平等。In china, during the planned economy era, the government held the planned price regulation model, the price of municipal public utilities production was on or under the brim of marginal cost to reflect the strategy of commonweal, the government undertaked the deficit of municipal public utilities enterprise
建國以來，在計劃經濟思想的指導下，國家一直對城市公用事業採取指令性價格的規制管理模式。出於公益性的考慮，城市公用事業產品的價格一直以低於平均成本甚至低於邊際成本的價格提供給消費者，企業經營所造成的虧損全部由國家負擔。The situation and development of domestic and foreign manufacture, especially in the europe, america and asia, have been summarized and researched in the article, so the following work has been finished, and the conclusions and results are obtained as follows : through analyzing the features of movement, power and construction for the high - speed cnc gear hobbing machine in 6 - axis with four coordinated, the design methods of general arrangement, kinetics and kinematics are put forward. 1. by analyzing the severe challenge to the machine manufacture in the market, developing and managing methods of serial modular products are posed
為了給我國汽車工業和其它行業提供先進的齒輪加工設備，本文在總結、研究國內外特別是歐美國家齒輪機床現狀與發展的基礎上，進行了以下研究工作，並得出相應的結論與成果：分析了六軸四聯動數控高速滾齒機的運動、動力、結構特點，提出了六軸四聯動數控高速滾齒機的總體布局設計、動力設計、運動學設計方法；分析並根據市場對機床製造業提出的嚴峻挑戰，提出了數控滾齒機系列產品的模塊化開發方法與管理方法；在分析了六軸四聯動數控高速滾齒機模塊化設計的技術先進性與經濟性間辨證關系的基礎上，提出了產品開發過程中以邊際成本法進行經濟分析的方法。The available wrv models such as shadow price model, marginal opportunity cost model, reproduction model, income present value model and supply - demand price model are introduced, and their principle, applicability, merits and demerits are analysed. and then, this paper discusses various factors which may have influence on wrv. finally, this paper establishes the fuzzy model of wrv
指出現有的影子價格模型，邊際機會成本價格模型，再生產模型，收益現值模型，供求定價模型等水資源價值模型各自的模型原理、適用性及其優缺點，然後在此基礎上論述有關因素對水資源價值的影響，指出水資源價值的模糊屬性，構建了水資源價值模糊數學模型。Finally, with tobin ' s " separation theorem ", we introduce the transaction cost into the efficient frontier and t he effective efficient frontier is obtained. and a quadratic utility function is applied to demonstrate that maintaining a suitable level of transaction cost in the current chinese stock market is important to the equilibrium of the chinese stock market and the risk control of the individual asset
本文的第四部分，引用托賓的「分離定理」 ，通過加入交易成本，區分了名義有效邊界和實際有效邊界，指出了交易成本調整對我國股票市場均衡影響的作用機制，並引入了效用函數，實證研究了交易成本適度對我國股票市場均衡和個人資產風險水平控制的重要意義。In this paper, we first analyze the input and output as well as cost - benefit rate of chinese livestock industry by the example of hog, beef, mutton and dairy cow. then, we choose the samples from different regions in different time, use the stochastic production frontier suggested by battese and coelli ( 1992 ), which is aimed at the panel data ( balanced or unbalanced ), and make the econometric analysis for the growth of hog, beef, mutton, and dairy cow. different from the former research for livestock industry, the efficiency measurement theory is introdiced into the growth model and the tfp is dissolved into technical advancement, technological efficiency and residual, the translog production function is used to make the estimation more precised
本文首先以生豬，肉牛、肉羊和奶牛為例對近年來我國畜牧業的投入產出和成本收益狀況進行了分析，然後採用battese和coelli在1992年提出的針對混合數據（ paneldata ）的隨機邊界生產函數形式，在不同地區選取一定的樣本，利用樣本省的時間序列與截面混合數據，對生豬，肉牛，肉羊和奶牛的增長因素進行了分析，與以往對于畜牧業增長研究不同的是，將效率測算理論引入生產增長模型，把全要素生產率分解為技術進步、技術效率和殘差項，並採取了更加符合實際的超越對數函數形式，使傳統上使用的索洛余值法得到改進，更深層次的剖析了我國畜牧業目前的增長方式。If the relation between factors of production and outputs is discrete, it is difficult for the distribution, based on the marginal productivity theory, to meet the completeness conditions, and the marginal productivity does consider the existence of group rationality
摘要如果生產要素與產出之間的關系是非連續的，按照邊際生產力理論進行分配難以滿足完備性的條件，並且邊際生產力沒有考慮到群體理性的存在。The migration may yield different results. under different hypothesis migration can either improve or reduce the living levels of the rural people
的邊際產出大小、產品市場的價格水平是人口遷移是否均衡的決定因素。The dissertation reveals the major motive of migration is to pursue greater return of human capital. 3. the dissertation points out that the non - equilibrium migration results in the rise of production cost of agro products
當人口遷移失衡時，由於匯款小於等於邊際產出，對于留剩人口群體而臺一，是資本的凈支出，農村耕地的資本一耕地比率下降，農村經濟陷入了惡性循環。The model explains how migration affects the rural people by proposing two hypotheses. it concludes that under the different hypothesis migration can either improve or reduce the living level of the people remaining in the rural area
然後通過對該模型的應用分析，即通過對匯款大於邊際產出、匯款小於等於邊際產出的假設分析，提出了不同條件下，人口遷移對農村留剩人口貧困的影響狀況。Here are assumptions of this paper : 1. because of migration, the supply of human capital is sufficient relatively to cities, especially to cities in costal areas. due to the accumulation of human capital, marginal productivity do not decrease
本文假定： 1 、由於人口流動現象的存在，對于城市，特別是沿海城市，人力資本的供給是相對充足的，由於人力資本積累的作用，各地區城市的勞動邊際產出不會遞減。The paper deduce the need of labors in cities in a region and further deduce the really scale of labors in these cities. as a result, this paper proves that the gaps of the level of urbanization will change and disperse ultimately when the marginal output of labor and the labor capital ratio are different and constant
從而推導出區域城市部門對勞動力的需求，進而推導出這些城市的實際勞動力規模，並證明：在勞動邊際產出、勞動?資本比例不同，且一定的條件下，兩個區域的城市化水平差異是變動的。At the same time, the construction of urban infrastructure, such as water supply, power supply, public traffic and sewerage, increases fast. urban infrastructure is the premise of urban economy, but the increase of urban infrastructure can ’ t still satisfy the fast exploding of the urban population that deteriorates the urban entironment
同時，城市基礎設施如供水、供電、道路交通、污水處理、固體廢棄物處置場等的建設也得到了迅速增長，但其發展仍遠低於城市化人口的增長速度，使得已建成的基礎設施被過度使用、其邊際產出效率急劇降低，造成城市環境惡化。Thirdly, as the superfluous labour force in the countryside being difficult to transfer to the city, the marginal output of agriculture becomes low and the city population cannot increase accordingly, so the prices and demands of farm produces are on the low side, and peasants cannot rely on lands to provide for security
第三，由於農村剩餘勞動力難以轉移，農村勞動力的邊際產出很低。城鎮化的步伐嚴重滯后，城鎮人口比重較低，對農產品的需求不旺，農產品價格長期在低水平徘徊。土地產出的價值下降，農民難以依靠土地實現保障。Therefore, it is useful to decrease nitrogen application amount or even with n application in split time so as to decrease the n loss and leaching in the paddy - field. 6. to define and calculate even productivity of nitrogen in the surface water - body ' of paddy field ( epnw ), marginal productivity of nitrogen in the surface water ( mpnw ) and elasticity coefficient of nitrogen in the surface water ( ecnw ), indicated that epnw and ecnw increased with n application amount increase, however mpnw has no the rule
6 .定義和計算水氮平均產生力、水氮邊際產生力和水氮產生力彈性系數，表明水氮平均產生力和水氮產生力彈性系數是隨著施氮量的增加而增加的，而水氮邊際產生力隨施氮量的增加並沒有表現出明顯的增加趨勢。( 3 ) analysis the influences to the technological innovation patterns of dg tncs by four industrial types ( resource industry, compare advantage industry, marginal industry i and marginal industry ii ). and make the empiricism research of chinese home appliance market. ( 4 ) have put forward the technological innovation models of " technological & marketing coupling model ", " backward integrated model ", " systems integration & networking model " of dg tncs. ( 5 ) distinguish the specific learning way of dg tncs technological innovation management, and analyze the innovation learning effect of developing country, developed countries and china tncs with dea. ( 6 ) point out the problems of chinese transnational corporation technological innovation pattern, and give out the countermeasure and suggestions
論文的主要創新點包括： （ 1 ）根據影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的主導因素，從國家、產業、企業層面分析發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式； （ 2 ）提出影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的in ? ir框架，總結了工n一1r框架下發展中國家跨國公司技術創新的部分特徵; （ 3 ）分析資源產業、比較優勢產業、邊際產業i和邊際產業h四類產業影響下的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式，並結合中國家電業的現實作實證分析; （ 4 ）提出了「基於技術、市場作用」的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模型、發展中國家跨國公司「倒一體化」創新模式和發展中國家跨國公司的系統集成網路創新模式; （ 5 ）區分發展中國家跨國公司技術創新管理的各種「學習」方式，運用數據包絡分析等方法比較分析發達國家、發展中國家和中國的跨國公司技術創新學習的效果和特點; （ 6 ）指出我國跨國公司建立技術創新模式過程中出現的問題，並提出對策和建議。Since the 1960s, there appeared some important theories such as theory of monopoly advantage ( s. hymer, 1960 ), theory of product life cycle ( r. vernon ), theory of internalization ( p. j. buckley & m. casson ), theory of marginal industrial expansion ( k. kojima, 1978 ) and o - l - c theory ( j. h. dunning, 1976 )
1960年後，相繼出現了海默的壟斷優勢理論、維農的產品生命周期理論、巴克利和卡森的內部化理論、小島清的邊際產業擴張論以及鄧寧的折衷理論。The changes of output elasticity of agricultural investment and marginal output indicate that institutional changes affect the agricultural investment effect
農業投資產出彈性和邊際產值變化表明：制度變遷影響了農業投資績效。分享友人