防災規程 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fángzāiguīchéng]
防災規程 英文
disaster plan
  • 防 : Ⅰ動詞（防鷥） provide against; defend against; guard against Ⅱ名詞1 （防守; 防禦） defence 2 （堤...
  • 災 : 名詞1. （災害） disaster; calamity 2. （個人的不幸） personal misfortune; adversity; unluckiness
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 防災 : take precautions against natural calamities
  • 規程 : directive rules; standards; standing order; regulations; dictate; code; rules規程曲線 rule curve
  1. In order to make clear the regulation of the combustion and the heat - transport process of fire - retardant treated wood, the combustion of untreated, fire - retardant solution soaked, and fire - proof paint coated white pine ( pinus bungeana ) and northeast china ash ( fraxinus mandshurica ) wood as well as the rising process of temperature at different sites in wood were measured in this study, taking a multi - function fire - proof experiment oven to simulate the typical process of fire

    摘要為了弄清楚阻燃處理木材的燃燒及其熱傳導規律，該研究採用多功能耐火實驗爐模擬典型火災的發生過程，測定了未處理、阻燃劑水溶液浸漬處理、塗刷防火塗料白皮松和水曲柳木材的燃燒及木材內不同位置的升溫過程。
  2. The fire design for a large building of saling books is always a very important research subject. because of the large scale, high space, high hazard of fire and particular construction of these buildings, their fire - protection designs, including fire compartmentation, safety evacuation, smoke control, construction protection and positive fire - protection device and etc., put forward a challenge to the traditional ‘ prescriptive ’ fire - protection design codes

    大型公共建築物的防火設計一直是非常重要的研究課題，由於這類建築規模大、空間高、結構特殊、火災危險程度高，其消防設計在防火分區、安全疏散、煙氣控制、建築結構防火保護、主動消防設施設置等方面對傳統的「處方式」防火設計規范提出了挑戰。
  3. It is one foundational work of large - scale construction and enormous investment. the departments of the highway design must be required to make decision according to the indexes, such as rational highway capacity, level of service and road alignments, etc. if not, the huge wasting and back - end ecocatastrophe will be brought

    這是一項建設規模宏大、投資規模巨大的基礎工程，要求各級部門在公路設計時，必須依據合理的公路通行能力、服務水平、道路線形等指標來確定，防止工程投資的巨額浪費和後期的生態災難。
  4. This brings much difficulties to safety evacuation and fire protection and fire extinguish. life is precious, the main focus of the fire science and technology is the human beings life and the most important of the study is the egress safety of the people

    大量新型建築材料和建築製品的使用使建築火災對人們造成更大的威脅和傷害，從而使高層建築火災的規模和危害程度發生了重大變化，這給安全疏散和防火、滅火帶來了許多困難。
  5. The contributions in this monograph may be valuable for the scientists and engineers engaged in spatial data mining, computer science, geomatics, geographical information system ( gis ), remote sensing ( rs ), global positioning system ( gps ), data analysis, artificial intellengence, cognitive science, spatial resources planning, land science, hazads prevention and cure, management science and engineering, decision making, and so on, and can also be used as a reference book for undergraduate students and graduate students

    本書可供空間數據挖掘、計算機科學、地球空間信息科學、地理信息系統（ gis ） 、遙感（ rs ） 、全球定位系統（ gps ） 、數據分析、人工智慧、認知科學、空間資源規劃、土地科學、災害防治、管理科學與工程和決策支持等領域的研究人員和開發人員使用，亦可作為高等學校相關專業的本科生、研究生教學用書和參考用書。
  6. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  7. Safety signs, including fire safety signs - code of practice for escape route signing

    消防安全標志包括防火災安全符號.逃離路線標記的實施規程
  8. Operators conducting operation with fire danger like electrical welding and gas welding or operators for automatic fire control system, must hold relevant certificates and strictly observe operation rules on fire control safety

    進行電焊、氣焊等具有火災危險的作業的人員和自動消防系統的操作人員，必須持證上崗，並嚴格遵守消防安全操作規程。
  9. Whereafter, based on the analysis on the flood influence for traffic lines, the research is centered on the following parts : firstly, the destroying modes, reasons and mechanism of flooded lines are discussed, and the frameworks and countermeasures of preventing and controlling hazards system are put forward ; secondly, the ways of region forecasting for the landslide are analyzed and the automation of landslide forecast for certain site through visual programming is realized. furthermore, the function of dynamic segmentation in arc view is made use of to realize the forecast result ' s visualization ; thirdly, the reasons and patterns of roadbed subsidence are discussed and the methods of forecasting subsidence based on the gm ( 1, 1 ) model are put forward. then the applications of the arcview software and its extended module on the study of roadbed subsidence are debates upon ; fourthly, an analysis on the sources of flood for traffic lines, which situate in the reservoir coverage area, is given

    接著，論文探討了山區交通線路災害的特點、分類、時間和空間分佈規律以及災害的防治原則和對策等；然後，以洪水災害對交通線路的毀壞為主線，重點研究和分析了以下幾個問題：第一，探討了洪水對交通線路的破壞方式，水毀原因以及水毀機理，並提出了交通線路水毀防禦系統框架和對策；第二，分析了雨季邊坡塌方災害的區段預測方法；通過可視化編程，編制了雨季邊坡塌方災害的工點預報程序，並結合arcview實現了預測結果的可視化；第三，對路基沉陷原因和模式進行了分析，並提出利用gm （ 1 ， 1 ）模型對路基沉陷區進行分析和預測，最後論述了arcview軟體及其擴展模塊在沉陷區研究分析中的應用；第四，對汛期庫區線路災害的原因進行了分析，並探討了利用數量化理論對路基防護工程抗洪能力進行預測的意義；第五，提出從風險的角度對交通線路的防災減災進行管理，對風險估計的相關問題進行了論述，並探討了交通線路水害危險區段的劃分問題。
  10. The author starts with the essential conception of flowing soil, classifies the flowing soil disaster presenting to earthy engineering to different kinds and discusses the mechanisms respectively, summarizes the general model describing flowing soil and discusses the coupling model describing flowing soil, depending on the two kinds of models, discusses the academic bases of flowing soil disaster controlling

    從基本概念人手，對工程中出現的流土災害類型進行劃分，並討論其機理，總結描述流土的常規模型，並對流土輻合模型進行探討，根據模型探討流土防治方法的理論依據。
  11. The results showed that : the integrated ecological risk was presented symmetrically along brahmaputra, and was mitigated from valley farming area to mountain pastoral area ; the hazards of main risk sources to risk suffer in each sub - region was differently, drought was the common risk source and imperils farming and stock raising severely ; aimed at enhancing the ability of fighting drought, controlling flood and stabilizing sand engineering measures should be taken steps to prevent those hazards ; mountain hazards must be controlled in resident area and along arterial traffic ; manual work should be done to void hail in those area where hails attacked heavily ; there is need to promulgated risk knowledge to herdsmen for strengthening their risk consciousness and improve the ability of preventing risk and self - help after hazards happened in the pasturing area

    扎囊縣綜合生態風險沿雅魯藏布江呈現對稱型分佈，並由河谷農業區向高山牧業區逐漸降低；各亞區的主要風險源對風險受體的危害強度差異較大，乾旱是共同的風險源，造成的農牧業生產損失最為嚴重；抗風險措施主要有在河谷地帶採取工程措施以提高抗旱、防洪和固沙能力，在半山臺地加強治理居民點及交通沿線的山地災害，在多雹區進行人工消雹；在高寒牧區向牧民傳播風險知識，以加強其風險意識，提高規避風險和災后自救能力。
  12. Abstract : this paper introduces the main applied accomplishment in flood disaster is quick - reporing system by remole sensing based on network for chinese flood monitoring and assessment in 1998. it includes the following aspects : monitor flood dynamically, assess the losses of crops, analyze the efficiency of the flood - preventing projects, analyze the surveying results for dangerous regions, monitor flood in cities, evaluate the vulnerability of the life - line projects and industry areas, analyze the necessity of flood eater - storage and flood - diversion for the floods in changjiang river ; finally, it gives some proposals for decision making in prevebtubg flood and mitigating harzard and function - zoning planning for rebuilding of homestead after hazard etc

    文摘:介紹了基於網路的洪澇災害遙感速報系統在1998年全國特大洪澇災害監測評估中的主要應用成果，包括動態監測、農作物損失評估、防洪工程有效性分析、險工險段調查分析、城市洪災監測、工業區生命線工程易損性評估、長江洪水蓄洪分洪必要性分析、防洪減災決策建議和災后重建家園功能分區規劃等
  13. This paper introduces the main applied accomplishment in flood disaster is quick - reporing system by remole sensing based on network for chinese flood monitoring and assessment in 1998. it includes the following aspects : monitor flood dynamically, assess the losses of crops, analyze the efficiency of the flood - preventing projects, analyze the surveying results for dangerous regions, monitor flood in cities, evaluate the vulnerability of the life - line projects and industry areas, analyze the necessity of flood eater - storage and flood - diversion for the floods in changjiang river ; finally, it gives some proposals for decision making in prevebtubg flood and mitigating harzard and function - zoning planning for rebuilding of homestead after hazard etc

    介紹了基於網路的洪澇災害遙感速報系統在1998年全國特大洪澇災害監測評估中的主要應用成果，包括動態監測、農作物損失評估、防洪工程有效性分析、險工險段調查分析、城市洪災監測、工業區生命線工程易損性評估、長江洪水蓄洪分洪必要性分析、防洪減災決策建議和災后重建家園功能分區規劃等
  14. Based on setting up the fire safety goals, performance criterion, fire scenario and uncertainty factor, this article simulated the occupants ’ evacuation time, smoke spread, radiation flow etc and determined fire detector and automatic extinguishing device by using the developed engineering method. and so these buildings ’ fire safety goals, which have the equivalent safety level with the existing national standard, can be achieved and those problems, which caused by some incompliment requirements or the existing codes not adapting to the practical need, can be solved

    針對這類建築存在的典型問題，通過設定消防安全目標、確定性能判據、建立火災場景，考慮不確定因素，運用已開發的工程學方法對人員安全疏散時間、煙氣蔓延、輻射熱通量等進行模擬計算，對火災探測和自動滅火設施進行分析選擇，認為大型書城建築採用至少與現行國家標準的規定等效的方法來實現建築物的消防安全目標，能夠解決現行標準與實際需要不相適應或某些不完善的規定所帶來的問題。
  15. In general, fireproof design is considered by architects not by structure engineers. after fire, we compare the fireproof time of the component with the fireproof limit supplied by standards to design

    在進行建築設計時，防火問題一般由建築師考慮，結構工程師考慮的問題不多；發生火災后，通過比較試驗測得的構件耐火時間與規范所給耐火極限來進行耐火設計。
  16. Investigation and evaluation on groundwater resources. demonstration in water search and supply. demonstration of engineering and environmental geology. investigation and evaluation of geological disasters and design of control plan

    地下水資源調查評價、找水供水論證、工程地質、環境地質評價論證、地質災害調查評價及防治規劃設計。
  17. Answer : ( 1 ) build perfect and aseismatic take precautions against natural calamities to guarantee a system ; ( 2 ) make and carry out an enterprise program of aseismatic take precautions against natural calamities and lash - up countermeasure ; ( 3 ) had done seriously build a project the aseismatic consolidate of aseismatic fortify and original project and equipment works ; ( 4 ) the conduct propaganda of knowledge of aseismatic take precautions against natural calamities mixes aggrandizement gain ground

    答： （ 1 ）建立健全抗震防災保障體系； （ 2 ）制定並實施企業抗震防災規劃和應急對策； （ 3 ）認真做好新建工程抗震設防和原有工程及設備的抗震加固工作； （ 4 ）強化抗震防災知識的宣傳和普及。
  18. With the long time research, the railway management has mastered some characters and rules about the disasters. some techniques, such as engineering and biological prevention and mitigation measures, have been put into practice, some techniques, such as the supervise technique, the prewarning technique and the forecast technique are in the process of researching

    鐵路部門經過多年的研究，對鐵路沿線水害的特徵和規律有了較為深刻的認識，發展了諸如工程防治、生物防治等災害防治技術，開展了水害監測、預警和預報技術研究。
  19. The collapsed walkways in the hyatt regency hotel in kansas city and the challenger shuttle disaster, all these disasters resulted from engineering errors and might have been prevented by better design, specification or implementation. this programme investigates how the probability of a software engineering failure can be reduced

    軟體程式出現誤差，曾導致堪薩斯州行人道塌毀和太空太空梭挑戰者號等的災難，類似事故或許可由改良設計規格和落實工作這幾方面而得以防止。本節目將探討如何減低有關軟體引致工程失誤事件的發生。
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