降低成本措施 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiàngdīchéngběncuòshī]
降低成本措施 英文
costs down policy
  • 降 : 降動詞1. （投降） surrender; capitulate 2. （降伏） subdue; vanquish; tame
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 措 : 動詞1 （安排; 處置） arrange; manage; handle 2 （籌劃） make plans 3 [書面語] （施行） execute; a...
  • 施 : Ⅰ動詞1 （實行; 施展） execute; carry out 2 （給予） exert; impose 3 （施捨） give; hand out; best...
  • 降低 : reduce; cut down; abate; debase; drop; lower; lessening; reducing; reduction; depression; tarnish
  • 措施 : measure; step
  1. This paper explains the effective encouraging mechanism of electrovalence at present, analyses the close relationship between the primary transformer capacity for electric power using in the enterprise and the basic electricity expenses and the electricity in peak time, the relationship between the power factor and the electricity expenses per degree. the ways and measures of reducing electric cost and decreasing electricity expenses expenditurze are proposed

    通過闡述現行電價政策的有效激勵機制，分析了企業用電主變壓器容量與基本電費和峰谷分時用電及企業功率因數與電度電費的密切聯系，提出了企業降低用電成本、減少電費支出的途徑和措施。
  2. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  3. According to impurity inspection, spinning mill could accurately compute the amount of cotton required and through adopting the correct technologic methods, finished yarn could decrease the defects, reduce the cost, improve the quality and uniform the strips

    棉紡廠可以據此正確計算用棉量，採用相應工藝措施，使成紗疵點減少，條干均勻，提高成品質量，降低成本，所以雜質檢驗具有重要意義。
  4. Potential for cost growth in production was contained within current budget estimate through cost reduction initiatives formalized in a government / industry memorandum of agreement

    潛在的成本生產增長則控制在目前的財政預算，通過降低成本的措施，正式在政府/產業協議備忘錄
  5. To make full use of substitution of all relationships and to integrate all employment sources must reduce the relative costs, and the concrete measures are : to make career arms and employment plans in college and to show detailed employment plans and arms of the employing units ; to set up fully employment information service system and make complete use of the internet ; to construct the graduate employment markets and reinforce the montority of the medium service ; to enstrength the construction of employment centre of college

    利用替代關系，有機整合各類就業資源，可以降低就業成本，具體措施為：高校開展職業生涯規劃與就業指導，招聘單位有翔實的用人計劃和目標；建立健全就業信息服務體系，發揮網路優勢；規范大學生就業市場，加強對中介機構的監管力度；加強高校就業指導中心的建設。
  6. Control of cost and expense on developmental project of real estate penetrate in entire project construction process, therefore, we must take highly to the organization and the control measures, by enhancing management and control of cost and expense, comprehensively control the construction cost and operation cost in entire project cycle, only this can reduce total cost of real estate development project to enhance economic efficiency of real estate enterprise

    房地產開發項目成本費用控制貫穿于項目建設的全過程，必須在組織、技術、經濟和合同等措施上予以高度重視，通過加強成本費用管理、控製成本費用支出，在工程項目整個周期內全面監控其建造成本和營運成本，這樣才能降低房地產開發項目的總成本，以達到提高房地產企業經濟效益的目的。
  7. The reasons causing gun propellant charge temperature coefficient and the methods of reducing charge temperature coefficient and increasing gun projectile muzzle velocity have been studied

    研究了火炮裝藥溫度系數形成的原因以及降低火炮溫度系數提高彈丸初速的基本原理和措施。
  8. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  9. Applying forecasting and controls theory, the author analyzes the statistics data of civil use of urban gas in the wisco, establishes forecasting models for the daily and hourly gas consumption, and compares the model result with the real load. on this basis, the author maintains that it is necessary to adopt control measures and reasonably organize production. moreover, the author puts forward a feasible plan to improve the current production technology, in order to meet users " needs and meanwhile reduce cost of production and increase enterprise profit

    運用預測與控制理論對武鋼民用煤氣歷史統計數據進行分析，建立了日用氣負荷和小時用氣負荷預測模型，將預測結果與實際負荷進行對比，採取控制措施進行生產調度，合理組織生產，提出了改變現行生產工藝的可行性方案，以達到既保證用戶需要，又降低生產成本，增加企業利潤的目的。
  10. The technologies adopted in the integrated system included : the maintenance of uniform seeds, the recommendation of higher quality varieties, the improvement of the irrigation system and fertilizer application methods, the establishment of a rice nursery center to provide rice seedlings for transplanting at the appropriate time, the use of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides to control weeds, diseases and insects, and the implementation of mechanization to reduce production costs

    綜合性措施包括：保存種子均一不混雜、推薦優質品種、改善灌溉系統、施肥方法合理、設置水稻育苗中心在插秧季節及時提供稻秧、施用除草劑、殺蟲劑、農藥、採用機械操作以降低生產成本。
  11. And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

    根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。
  12. The impacts of other price - distorting institutions and policies, including tax, domestic support, logistics expenses, exchange rate were also discussed on a comparison base between china and usa : china ' s tax and local non - tax charges imposed on corn production total a distortion of 15 % of the " practical cost " since 1998, while us ' s tax, insurance expenditure and land total a distortion of 25 % of her " practical cost " ; us ' s domestic support has substantially lowered her domestic price while the protective - price policy taken by china since 1993 helped boost her domestic price, which made a negative impacts on chinese corn ' s price competitiveness

    在長期內，考慮到主要要素價格的上漲趨勢，我國玉米現實成本和美國現實成本的膠著狀態不會維持多久，前景堪憂；中美兩國主產區玉米成本的對比表明目前我國主產區玉米的可比成本比之於美國的主產區heanland尚有一定優勢，現實成本也是具有優勢的。降低我國成本外支出和稅收的水平可以在一定程度上緩解現實成本的競爭壓力；美國的國內支持措施體系使得其國內玉米價格經常處于生產成本之下。
  13. After analyzing the drive factor to these risks, we can adopt the demand for defining enterprises rationally, carry on the correct assessment measure to the software system and system supplier through certain standard, to reduce the software risks of enterprises ; through trying attention and support, perfect business procedure of enterprise work, and perfect basic management of enterprise of leader, to make the change risk of the project reduce ; through taking and making effective implementation plan, strengthen control over project change, enhancement the control of cost and lead into project manage the measures, to reduce the project change risk that enterprises implement erp project ; through introducing management consulting, strengthens the project training and strengthens construct of the group, to reduce the human resources risk that enterprises implement erp project

    在經過對這些風險的驅動因素分析后，可以採取合理界定企業的需求，通過一定的標準對軟體系統以及系統供應商進行正確的評估措施，來降低企業的軟體風險；通過爭取領導的重視和支持、完善企業的業務流程工作、以及完善企業的基礎管理工作，使項目的變革風險降低；通過採取制定有效的實施計劃、加強對項目變更的管理、加強對實施成本的控制以及引入項目監理制度等措施，降低企業實施erp項目的項目變更風險；通過引入管理咨詢、加強項目培訓工作以及加強實施團隊的假設，降低企業實施erp項目的人力資源風險。
  14. 3. it suggests the feasible countermeasures in other ways including the reduction of cost, the cultivation of core competence of corporations, the revolution of management, the enhancement of capabilities of marketing, the research and innovation of techniques, the converting of scientific results into the productivity, the improvement of the production ' s added value, the promotion of quality and environmental protection criteria to meet the requirements of international ones, the improvement of production ' s quality and the level of environmental protection, the construction of oil store, the implement of " go abroad " strategy, the development of oversea investment system, and development of e - business, the construction of scientific human resources system, and other effective measures of government. at last, the conclusion has been given : entry into wto brings us unpreced

    3 、在其他方面提出了可行的對策建議，包括:降低成本、培養企業核心競爭力;改革管理體制、增強市場營銷能力;技術研發與創新，加快科技成果轉化為生產力，提高產品的附加值;注重推進質量、環保標準與國際接軌，提高產品質量與環保水平;加快建立戰略石油儲備;實施「走出去」戰略，發展海外石油投資;加快發展龜子商務;建立科學的用人機制;以及政府應採取有效的政策措施等論文研究的結論:入世給中國石油化工產業帶來了前所未有的機遇，也提出了嚴峻的挑戰，只要我們認清入世后的緊迫形勢，抓住有利時機，充分採取切實可行的對策，就一定能迎來我國石油化工產業的更大發展，取得在國際競爭中的優勝地位。
  15. Then ， the main discussion in this thesis is what measures can be taken to subcontractors in our country in facing the new mode of valuation with bill of quantities. the conclusion are that ， at the first ， they should faster the step to compile enterprise inner norm. construction enterprises must compile bid documents scientifically ， reasonably based in the self - inner norm which can reflect the actual expenditure and true technical and management standard

    接著該論文重點討論面對新工程造價計價模式，我國建築承包商應採取的措施：加快編制企業內部定額的步伐，投標企業必須以科學、合理，能夠反映企業實際消耗和真實技術、管理水平的企業定額為基礎編制投標書，才能做出有競爭力的報價；加強企業內部成本核算，從工程投標到竣工分不同的階段協調各相關部門工作，制定獎懲制度，有效降低成本，對于隱性成本也採取相應措施加以控制；改革企業經營機制，提高企業的人員素質，大力開發新技術、新工藝，提高企業科技含量。
  16. Better cross - boundary infrastructure, more efficient boundary crossing procedures, improved treatment of empty containers, increased cost competitiveness would strengthen hong kong s port cargo handling capacity

    改善跨界基礎設施，更有效辦理通關程序，改善處理空貨櫃的措施，降低成本提高競爭力，都有助加強香港港口處理貨物的能力。
  17. Whether it is a developed country or a developing country, it takes to some extent various preferential measures that help export companies protect against risk, lower the cost and obtain finance so as to develop foreign trade

    無論是發達國家還是發展中國家，都不同程度地採取了各種優惠措施幫助出口企業防範風險，降低成本、獲取融資，以促進本國對外貿易的發展。
  18. Despite the structural adjustment measures aforesaid mentioned can reduce production costs and improve effectiveness to a certain extent, if being lack of objective appraisal system, they can only achieve a short - term prompt effect, while can not improve the whole achievement and effectiveness of the enterprise fundamentally

    盡管上述的結構調整措施能夠降低成本，也能從一定程度上改善效益，但是，如果缺少客觀的評價體系，那麼它們只能達到一個短期激勵促進的效果，不能夠從根本上改善企業的整體業績和效益。
  19. Light - weighting of aluminum easy open can is a technique which is based on reaching the product quality standard, keeping the used performance and meeting the demands of customer, by means of a series of technical method such as new technique, material and mould etc., reducing the consume of material during the process of can making, in order to lower cost and higher economics

    所謂鋁質易拉罐罐體輕量化就是在符合產品質量標準、保證產品使用性能、滿足用戶要求的基礎上，通過採用新技術、新材料、新模具等一系列技術措施，最大限度地減少易拉罐製造所用材料的用量，提高材料的利用率，從而達到降低成本、提高經濟效益的目的。
  20. This is due, in part, to the combined effects of government relief measures to help lower costs in the economy

    政府採取種種紓困措施，以助降低成本而產生的綜合效應，亦是造成價格下跌的部分原因。
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