險影效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiǎnyǐngxiàoyīng]
險影效應 英文
shadow effect
  • 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 （險惡不容易通過的地方） a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 （危險） dange...
  • 影 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物體擋住光線后映出的形象） shadow 2 （鏡中、水面等反映出來的物體形象） reflection; image...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. On the basis of all the conclusions above, the thesis preparatorily advances that there is another factor of link transaction behavior affecting vertical relationship, and gives primary definition of relative concepts. the thesis advances that link transaction behavior can be classified into priority transaction, information informing, risk co - affording. in order to form effective vertical transaction relationship, the transaction parties will positively process link transation behavior, including transforming incontractible variants into contractible variants or analogously contractible variants

    在此基礎上，本論文初步提出影響縱向關系的因素應該包括關系交易行為這一重要變量，並對關系交易行為和關系交易行為的相關概念作出初步的定義，初步提出企業的關系交易行為可以分為交易優先、信息告知、風險共擔三類，並在此基礎上初步分析其中的機理，並根據分析結果提出，當事人交易的過程是不斷提升關系的強度的過程，為了形成有效的縱向交易行為，當事人會主動進行信息告知等關系交易行為，通過把不可寫入合同的變量轉化為可以寫入合同或者可證實的變量來獲得有效交易。
  2. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  3. In the model, one supposition is that the negotiant is risk neutral and rational. the other supposition is that the investors especially individual investors who acquire real information are irrational. we found irrational herding model of individual investors with the securities transaction mechanism and baye as well as the utility function of the information gainers

    在模型中假設做市商風險中性且理性、知情投資者尤其是個人知情投資者為非理性，通過證券交易機制和貝葉斯學習過程以及建立非理性知情投資者的效用函數來建立非理性影響下的個體投資者羊群效應模型，得到不同情緒狀態和對信息反應程度下個體投資者賣出羊群效應發生的條件。
  4. This paper emphasizes all factors affecting driving fatigue ; the interaction of all factors which may lead to driving fatigue ; driving fatigue course, law and mechanism ; effect on sorting of driving fatigue, assessment system on driving fatigue and test system ; fatigue effect identification mode in dangerous. the mechanism of formation, accumulation and variation of driving fatigue is put forward in this paper

    本論文重點研究駕駛作業中：駕駛疲勞產生的致因因素；所致疲勞因素交互作用；疲勞過程、規律及機制；駕駛疲勞影響分類；建立駕駛疲勞評價體系及測試系統；構築危險狀態下疲勞效應辨識模式等問題；提出駕駛疲勞形成、蓄積和變化過程的機制。
  5. This paper includes five parts. the first is to review the study on the subject ; the second is to discuss the characteristic of chian ' s stock market. the change of money - admitted policy and the questions on the study. the third is to verify the size effect in china ' s stock market by using correlation test and regression test on the bases of four different criterions, each criterion will be applied with two time - series methods. the fourth is to summary the main character of four different criterions, and apply joint test to the criterions that were proved the best concerning the size effect. the illiquidity risk was introduced to the study, the indexes of turn - over rate and the fluctuation of turn - over were used here. however, other factors that may influence the invest return rate as circulating rate and size were also included. according to the result, the size effect will be interpreted. the fifth is to summary the size effect and its explaination, and then to provide some useful invest strategies based on the conc lusion above

    論文分五部分，第一部分對小公司效應的有關研究文獻進行回顧;第二部分我國股票市場的狀況、資金供給政策的變化和我國股票市場實證的相關問題進行論述;第三部分對我國股票市場的小公司效應按照四種不同的規模標準分類，每一種標準均分兩種不同的統計周期分段標準進行實證分析;第四部分小結不同的規模分類、不同統計周期分段的統計結果特徵，然後對小公司效應最明顯的規模分類標準進行多因子聯合回歸分析，這里引入了流動性風險因素，其用換手率和換手率波動指標來衡量，還分別引入了其它影響投資收益率的因子，分別是規模、流通比例。
  6. In the whole process of an engineering investment project, there must be various kinds of unstable factors that can take the positive or negative effect upon the project, but the final result is come into being by all these unstable factors. in order to ensure the real benefit, it is absolutely necessary that objective and re asonable analysis and evaluation of the risk be made and corresponding measures be taken. there is very important practical significance to improve the economy benefit of construction project investment in our country

    在一個工程投資項目的全壽命周期過程中，會出現各種不確定性，每個不確定性都會對項目發生影響，但最後的影響結果是由這些不確定性共同作用而產生的，為了確保建設項目的實際收益能力，事先對其風險進行客觀、合理的分析與評價，並採取相應的措施是完全必要的，這對于改善我國建設項目投資的經濟效益具有十分重要的現實意義。
  7. 1 ) if bank capital are forbidden thoroughly to get into stock market, it will bring low profit on monetary market, constrict the development of capital market and affect the transmission of monetary policy ; 2 ) vice versa, allowing bank capital to flow into stock market too early may also lead to unfavorable effects, such as endangering financial stability, disturbing financial order and constraining the development of economy

    （ 1 ）限制銀行資金入市，造成了貨幣市場收益率低下，商業銀行、保險公司在貨幣市場上融出資金基本無利可圖，只好通過各種途徑違規進入股市；使資本市場失去資金支持，不僅造成市場流動性不足，還因缺乏基準利率參照而難以形成合理的定價機制，制約了資本市場的發展；影響貨幣政策的傳導，貨幣市場與資本市場的關聯性低，貨幣政策信號受阻，傳導路徑相對單一，貨幣政策效應的時滯加大。
  8. Result shows, the uncertainty of parameter leads to negative ( positive ) investment horizon effects when investor ' s risk aversion is more ( less ) than that of logarithmic utility ; the effects of parametric uncertainty will weaken when investor uses more past data in his estimation, or when his risk aversion increases ; the effect of the first order moment ' s uncertainty is stronger than that of the second order moment ' s uncertainty

    研究表明，當投資者的風險規避程度大於（小於）對數效用時，參數不確定性將導致負（正）的投資期效應；當投資者在估計過程中運用較多的歷史數據、或者風險規避程度增加時，參數不確定性的影響將減弱；收益一階矩的不確定性影響較其二階矩強。
  9. It is, therefore, recommended that studies on environmental behaviors, ecological effects and health risks of pathogens in sewage sludge and sludge - affected environmental media be developed as soon as possible, and corresponding abating approaches and key technologies also be explored

    建議在我國盡快開展污泥和受其影響環境介質中病原物的環境行為、生態效應與健康風險研究，並發展相關的削減對策和關鍵技術。
  10. Section 1 studies the standard of efficiency of eso, and we bring forward the standards of efficiency of eso from the angle of economics and management respectively. section 2 searches the sources of efficiency of eso, including stimulant effect, detainment effect, filtering effect, venture - preference - enhancement effect and cost effect

    股票期權制對企業目標的影響分為五個方面，它們分別是股票期權制的激勵效應、篩選效應、風險偏好增強效應、留人效應和制度成本效應，五方面效應綜合作用的結果共同決定了股票期權制的效率。
  11. Conclusions could be drawn out through a positive analysis of some port companies : the factors that have a positive effect on the strategic target are the rate of main business return, the velocity of the assets, while the capital structure and the rate of the increase of the increase of investment have little effect, which illuminate that the port company should focus on the main business to enhance the return of net assets, it also shows that the business of the list port companies is over - concentrated, and should be diversified to lessen the operating risk ; the companies should accelerates the turnover speed of the assets ; the appropriate structure of the assets can bring benefit to a company, but the ultimate approach to enhance the return of the net assets is to look for items with high return ; the sightless investment made the increasing speed of return lag behind the expanding speed of the capital ; and result in no scale economic benefit

    本文通過對部分港口類企業進行計量分析后發現港口企業的資本結構和投資對凈資產收益率沒有顯著的影響，而港口企業收入過分集中。針對未來財務環境發生的變化，本文從戰略財務管理的角度對南京港口集團公司提出以下建議：在投資領域，今後應以綜合物流為契機，專業化與多元化並重；適度發展集團化經營；優化資源配置，提高資產營運效率。在融資領域，要合理選擇融資渠道，降低融資成本，更多關注債務融資；確定合理的資本結構，控制負債風險，建立償債保障機制。
  12. The chapter 4 gives a survey on many published studies and examines the main points of their view, including the origin explanation, economic and welfare effects, payg - ff reform and the system under open or multi - sector economy

    第四章，綜述了對養老保險問題的理論研究和主要觀點，從養老保險的起源、社會經濟影響效應、制度轉軌到開放經濟及多部門經濟下養老保險制度改革選擇等對理論研究進行歸納。
  13. This paper first analysis the action mechanism of tax ' s influence on enterprises investment by investment cost theory, then analysis enterprise income tax ' s influence on investment, returns, the capacity of enterprises investment, and enterprise income tax depreciation ' s policy effect on enterprises investment

    本文首先運用投資成本理論分析了稅收對企業投資作用的一般機理，在此基礎上分別探討了企業所得稅對企業投資風險、投資收益、投資能力等方面的影響，以及企業所得稅折舊對企業投資的政策效應。
  14. The first part of this text recommends and explain the intension of the system of executive stock option with its key element, characteristic, current development, positive and negative effects, etc. which offering basic support for following analysis ; the second part, described the behavior of stock price and black - scholes option pricing model from the angle of quantitative analysis, and discuss the value factor of stock option with its encouragement, analyzed the change of every factor in black - scholes option pricing model impact on option worth ; then analyzed the leverage effects and manager ' s morals risk model of executive stock option, at last, considering the main defect existing in the system of executive stock option at present, that is : it depends on stock market unduly, and the stock option incomes of manager has no relationship with manager ' s achievement. this text bring forward the manager synthesizes achievement and appraises model

    本文的第一部分全面介紹和闡述了經理股票期權制度的內涵，構成要素，特點，發展情況和正負效應等，為後面的分析提供了基本支持；第二部分，從定量分析的角度出發描述了股票價格行為和black - scholes期權定價模型，並以此為理論基礎探討了股票期權的價值因素和激勵性，分析了black - scholes期權定價模型中各因素的變化對期權價值的影響；接著分析了經理股票期權的杠桿效應和經理人道德風險模型，最後，針對當前經理股票期權制度存在的主要缺陷即：過度依賴股票市場，經理的股票期權收入與公司的業績缺乏相關性這一問題提出了經理綜合業績評價模型。
  15. Influenced by the linkage between institute changes, government ' s interference has replaced the market agreement in the stock market in china, and this caused the market risk to rise

    受制度變遷的關聯效應影響，我國股票市場中政府縱向的行政干預取代了橫向的市場契約，中小投資者利益受到侵害，締約意願降低，市場風險增大，並因國有股減持而引發危機。
  16. It has discussed in the 5 sides, which they are interest rate effect, income effect, substitute effect, supply effect and policy effect of analysis of the environment factors. it has analysis on economic factors that influence the life insurance from monetary inflation and discussed influence the life insurance from environment of humanity of culture value and function of family, in generally, the influence of environment of humanity society with long and deep, but the influence of environment of economy with short and brief

    環境因素分析中從利率效應、收入效應替代效應、供給效應、政策效應五個方面進行了闡述；從通貨膨脹對壽險業的影響進行了經濟因素分析；從文化價值以及家庭功能闡述了人文環境對壽險的影響，一般來說人文社會環境的影響較為長久和深遠，而經濟環境的影響則較為短期和淺層。
  17. Currently, the railway emergency communication systems rely only on the previous communications systems. because the bandwidth is limited, it supports a few services, low transmission rate and transmission efficiency. this affects seriously the emergency services operation

    目前，鐵路應急通信主要依賴鐵路沿線通話柱這個單一接入手段，其有限的帶寬，致使承載業務少，傳輸速度慢，傳輸效果差，嚴重影響應急搶險指揮工作。
  18. The mexican banking crisis of 1995 - 96 supports the policy implications of the " vulnerability - shocks " paradigm : developing countries should identify the specific causes of their banking systems vulnerability and implement the appropriate financial reforms ; fragile banking systems complicate the management of macroeconomic policy in terms of timing, scope, and effectiveness ; macroeconomic considerations should play an important role in the design of bank regulatory regimes ; effective deposit insurance systems should be established in order to reduce bank runs and moral hazards of both bankers and depositors ; considering the apparent role of lending booms in creating vulnerability of banking systems, the authorities should monitor the rate of credit growth, and take measures when it appears to be growing too rapidly

    墨西哥銀行危機印證了「脆弱與沖擊」銀行危機解釋模式的政策含義：發展中國家應針對銀行體系脆弱性的具體原因，採取相應改革措施；銀行業的脆弱性對經濟改革政策的選擇、實施時機和實施效果均會產生重要影響；應根據宏觀經濟波動程度，確定適當的銀行審慎監管指標水平；建立有效的存款保險制度；應監督銀行信貸的擴張速度，在必要時通過實施相應的宏觀經濟政策來限制銀行的信貸擴張。從這次銀行危機中我們主要可以得出兩點結論。
  19. They state that the cap risk in symptomatic finasteride users is strongly affected by not only the biological effect of finasteride, but by the clinical practices and diagnostics in the management of bph

    他們認為，在癥狀性非那雄胺使用者中，前列腺癌的危險性不僅僅受非那雄胺生物學效應的顯著影響，也受臨床實踐和前列腺增生治療中的診斷學影響。
  20. In particular, a number of teams in the yongsan area win destination for the direct effects become apparent, chongqing yu - organized by the " china and the united states since motorists to travel xiangxi galleries large - scale joint team of 2007 national day " activities as the representative from motorists, outdoor adventure, photography, and other team volume increased significantly

    特別是部分團隊以里耶烏龍山景區為直接目的地的效應顯現，以重慶渝報主辦的「中國美地?湘西畫廊自駕車旅行2007國慶大型聯合車隊」活動為代表的自駕車、戶外探險、攝影等團隊數量明顯增加。
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