集體壟斷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jítǐlǒngduàn]
集體壟斷 英文
offensive cartelization
  • 集 : gatherassemblecollect
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 集體 : collective; community; group; team
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. Before the reforms, the chinese railway industry was highly centralized, main artery and half - militarized. it is a model of our country ' s traditional planned economic system, which lacks effective competition of government monopoly

    改革開放以前，我國鐵路運營與管理體制是以高度集中、大動脈和半軍事化為特點的，是我國傳統的政府壟斷型缺乏有效競爭的計劃經濟體制的典型。
  2. Viewing from the supplying system of the aviation oil, and owing to the lacking of restrictions of the aviation supply market, two biggest petrolic monopoly communities have to comply with the petroleum price set by the government. although the affluxing market of aviation oil is run by caoac and other regional aviation companies, each airport has only one aviation oil company to supply it with aviation materials. the aviation companies have no rights to make their choices

    但隨著我國市場化進程的加快，這種體制帶來的問題日顯突出：由於航油供應市場的上游沒有放開，兩大石油集團壟斷國內資源，航油出廠價由國家統一制定，航油的加註市場雖由中航油和地方航油公司多家經營，但每個機場只有一家航油供應公司，航空公司無法選擇供油商和加油商。
  3. Even in the most advanced financial centres, this phenomenon has been a common feature, manifesting itself in cartels that limited competition and in an unhealthy degree of market concentration

    即使在最先進的金融中心，這種情況亦頗常見，具體形式包括卡特爾式的壟斷，藉以限制競爭對手加入市場，以及市場過分集中，造成不健全的市場環境。
  4. Based on a general overview of firm performance assessment theories, this study makes a comparison between traditional performance measures and strategy - oriented performance measures, analyzes the existing performance measurement system of the national aviation oil companies. the thesis has a literature review of the balanced scorecard researches and applications, expounds the advantages of the balanced scorecard over traditional measurement systems in revealing the intension of firm performance, analyzing the critical factors behind firm performance and providing information support for firm strategy, documents the relationship between the balanced scorecard and firm strategy, and puts forward the idea of strategic performance. by using the data and background information from one of those national monopoly oil companies, this study a ppraises the limits of this sort of companies " performance measurement system, applies balanced scorecard method to this kind of national monopoly oil company, designs questionnaires to collect experts " opinions, colligates the opinions, selects kpis, builds experimentally the first strategy performance assessment indicator system in this kind of company, determines the indicators " parameters, uses the real corresponding data to measure the 6 business lines of this company, through comparing the assessment result with the strategic standard, a conclusion is drawn and suggestions are put forward about how to exploit the performance potential under present conditions

    在對績效測評理論進行回顧的基礎上，本文研究了傳統測評指標體系與戰略導向的測評指標體系的區別，總結了中國航空油品經營企業的績效測評現狀，對平衡計分卡理論研究和應用進行了綜述，分析了平衡計分卡在揭示績效內涵和影響績效的因素、發揮績效測評的信息作用等方面的優勢，論述了平衡計分卡與企業戰略的關系，提出了戰略績效的概念，並結合某壟斷性油品經營國有企業的實際，評述了此類企業傳統績效測評指標的局限性，借鑒平衡計分卡思路，通過設計調查問卷、收集專家意見並加以綜合分析等工作，選取關鍵績效指標，探索性地建立了中國壟斷性航油經營國企的首個企業戰略績效測評指標體系，並確定了指標有關參數，對應指標的統計口徑採用經調查獲得的測評所需數據，對該企業6個業務板塊的績效進行測評，通過對比分析得出在現有條件下如何挖掘潛力的結論和建議。
  5. Farmers cannot get the good seed which has high yield, high quality, high resistance. as socialist market economy is tending toward perfection, especially 《 plant new variety protection 》, 《 seed law 》 those polities are coming on, and foreign large seed companies are joining in after china enter wto in fear of the coming of our country ’ s agriculture protection period. therefore, the general adoption of the market principle of china ’ s seed industry speed up, and the challenge between seed companies become hot

    傳統種子業是由自給自足的非商品化產業過渡到計劃經濟體制下政府壟斷性的行業，此時期，新品種及配套的新技術得不到很好的應用，行業市場集中程度很低，農民（用戶）很大程度上得不到高產、優質、高抗的良種，隨著社會主義市場經濟的不斷完善成熟，特別是《植物新品種保護條例》 、 《種子法》等政策、法規的相繼出臺實施，更為重要的是中國加入wto后對我國農業保護期限的即將到來，國外種業巨頭伺機紛紛進入，加速了中國種子產業的市場化進程，種業企業的競爭日益加劇，同時為中國種子產業的規模化、產業化經營帶來了更多的機遇。
  6. A market economy with moderate control on finance would encourage financial innovation, and the interrelation between financial control degree and financial innovation creative takes a shape of concave curve. the monopolistic competition as a market construction benefits most to the financial innovation activities, but complete monopoly as another market structure would be most disadvantageous in financial innovation activities

    計劃經濟體制下金融集中管制會抑制金融創新，市場經濟金融體系下的相對管制會促進金融創新，且在此管制方式下，金融管製程度與金融創新規模之間呈凸曲線關系；壟斷競爭市場結構最有利於金融創新活動展開。
  7. In the new situation, chongqing telecom enterprises not only have their advantages and opportunities but also face many problems and challenges. so they must find a way to further their center competitive advantage so as to make the greater development

    為了更深入細微地了解電信改革對電信企業的具體影響，以及從壟斷到競爭的改革成效，本文以中國電信集團重慶電信公司為視點，透視其發展歷程，剖析其在新的競爭環境下的發展戰略。
  8. And we also admit that our newspaper groups are in the first stage of development. the strategy in the first step of operation for the newspaper groups should be strengthening the products producing while a measurable involvement on capital operating. finally, we set the chongqing daily newsgroup as a model to apply the above theories, and put forward a suggestion of two - step - development - strategy as : firstly the group should strengthen its newspapers producing, expand to be a multi - media giant and then to have a try in the capital operating

    最後，對重慶日報報業集團進行了個案研究，運用上述方法對重慶日報報業集團的戰略發展提出了兩步走的建議：現階段首先要整合資源、壯大主業、實現跨地區跨媒體經營，收縮多種經營，剝離不良資產，在重慶報業市場實現壟斷；下一步再擴大經營性資產的經營，爭取實現經營性資產如重報集團印務公司上市。
  9. In order to speed up the urban construction, guarantee " olympic games move plan " construction and development goal realization, widely attracts the social capital to enter the city infrastructure domain to solve the fund supply and demand contradictory of large - scale centralism construction time and eliminates the low efficiency and resources waste which the administrative monopoly and the state - owned capital monopoly brings, reduces the infrastructure construction and the operation cost, lightens

    為了加快城市建設進程，保證《奧運行動規劃》中各項建設和發展目標的實現，廣泛吸引社會資本進入城市基礎設施領域，解決大規模集中建設時期資金供需矛盾，消除行政性壟斷和國有資本壟斷造成的效率低下和資源浪費，降低基礎設施建設和運營成本，減輕政府財政補貼負擔，為廣大市民提供更優質的公共產品和服務，這些都要求北京市城市基礎設施投融資體制進行徹底地改革。
  10. China aviation oil supply company ( caosc ), acts as the only one domestic company, which combines purchasing, conveyance, supply and selling together. it also occupies the unique monopolistic position. similar to other companies, caosc has 7, 630, 000, 000 capitals

    中國航空油料總公司（簡稱中航油）作為國內唯一一家集航空油品采購、運輸、供應、銷售於一體的企業，在國內航空油品銷售市場上佔有獨家壟斷地位。
  11. China insurance industry is a monopoly industry. the body of competition is little. the market concentration rate is high

    同時，中國保險業是一個壟斷型的產業，市場競爭主體少，市場集中率很高，市場競爭不充分。
  12. The oligarch monopoly banks fails to play the positive effect that the oligarch monopoly does in the industrial organization of banking, the banking also does not form the workable competitive market structure, in which the oligarch and the small & medium banks exist at the same time. therefore, we should set up a workable competitive market structure in which the oligarch and the small & medium banks can exist at the same time, in order to exert the function of industrial organization of china banking to the healthy development of the national economy, through the point of view of industrial organization, persisting in basing on the native situation of our country, drawing lessons from the beneficial experience of market structure of national bank industrial organization of the western market economy actively, and paying attention on raising the whole competition ability of china banking

    從制度層面闡述中國銀行業市場結構的變遷歷程，實證地研究了中國銀行業寡頭壟斷的市場結構，指出中國銀行業市場結構的變遷的動因在於產權變革。為重構和完善中國銀行業市場結構，必須樹立科學發展觀，規范政府經濟行為;加快銀行產權改革，實現國有商業銀行產權由單一結構向多元化產權結構的轉變，建立多元化、股份制的產權制度;鼓勵民營銀行的建立和發展;發揮市場競爭機制，降低中國銀行業市場結構的集中度;構建有效的進入和退出機制;擴大中國銀行產業組織市場結構的產品差異化;提高中國銀行產業組織市場結構的規模經濟，以構建適應社會主義市場經濟要求的有效競爭的市場結構，提高中國銀行業的整體競爭力。
  13. Though many economists admire function of competition, market concentration ratio has an elevating trend in developed country, oligarch monopoly spread among world market. the contradiction of scale - economy and monopoly has changed, large - scale enterprise can move the lose of monopoly to world market, remain profit of monopoly ; advantage of monopoly is a important condition of competition power in developed country. reward increasing with enterprise scale is an objective law ; the efficient of large - scale enterprise is more excellent than middle - scale and small - scale in china manufacture industry market performance

    經濟全球化的發展，使各國形成一個接近一體化的市場，市場規模的變化對市場結構產生重要影響，雖然許多西方經濟學家仍然推崇競爭在提高效率中的作用，但是，工業發達國家市場集中度有逐漸提高的趨勢，並且在許多製造業中，寡頭壟斷向世界市場擴展，多個行業世界范圍內的寡頭壟斷格局開始形成，規模經濟和壟斷的矛盾發生了轉化? ?大企業能夠把由壟斷造成的損失轉嫁到世界市場，而把壟斷利潤留在跨國公司的母國，壟斷優勢成為發達國家產業競爭力的重要基礎。
  14. This thesis studies the theoretical basis of global trade of contemporary china and inspects the impact of both classical and neo - classical western trade theories on china ; while doing so, it traces the transition in chinese global trade views, strategic thinking and system. in all, this thesis will reveal the following relationships : global trade thinking by the leadership and the academia ; theoretical foundations and trade policies ; contemporary thinking on trade and socioeconomic development ; contemporary thinking on trade and the history of contemporary thinking on trade ; and the development of thinking on trade and basic guiding thinking

    並進一步得出結論：當代中國對外貿易思想發展過程中始終貫穿著從高度集中的計劃經濟和國家壟斷外貿管理體制向社會主義市場經濟過渡並與國際經貿通行規則接軌這一基本線索，在這思想發展演變過程中體現了以下幾個關系：三代黨和國家領導人的對外貿易思想與學術界學者的對外貿易思想的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想發展過程中理論研究與政策研究的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想與社會經濟發展的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想與中國對外貿易思想史的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想發展與基本指導思想的關系。
  15. Because the state of our country, during urbanization of rural - urban continuum, government is a sole purchaser of the collective land property and a sole provide of the nationalized land, so the market of the land is a monopolized market

    由於我國國情所致，政府是城鄉結合部城市化過程中集體土地所有權的唯一購買者和國有土地的唯一供給者，因此我國的土地市場是一個壟斷市場。
  16. The minority investment body is the core of the market ; 2. the market concentration degree is dropping gradually and the market monopoly power is being weaken. the market in china is in the process of transition from a closed market, which is dominated by policy mechanism, to an open market, which will be dominated by market mechanism

    從銷售集中度看，中國轎車市場的結構的演變有以下特點: 1 .少數投資主體（控股集團）是中國轎車市場的核心; 2 .生產企業的市場集中度正在逐步下降，市場壟斷力正在減弱;我國的轎車產業是處於一種較封閉市場逐漸向開放市場過渡下的寡頭結構，這種高度寡佔型的市場結構不是充分市場競爭的結果，而是由政策性的進入壁壘維系所形成的市場結構，轎車市場結構的地區化差異明顯。
  17. Using industrial organization theory, this paper analyzes the market structure and the market behavior of the alcohol fuel industry, and proposes that the fuel alcohol industry is capital intensive and monopolizing competitive industry, and analyzes the form and the characteristic of the forward connection and the backward connection of the fuel alcohol industry chain, then compares different connection forms. this paper analyzes and studies the organization mode of the fuel alcohol industry development, puts forward an organizing pattern of vertical coordination of the fuel alcohol industry, founds evaluate model of organizing pattern of vertical coordination of the fuel alcohol industry by hierarchy analysis

    應用產業組織理論，分析了燃料酒精產業的市場結構和市場行為，提出燃料酒精產業是資金密集型和壟斷競爭性的產業，分析了燃料酒精產業鏈的前向連接和後向連接的形式與特點，對不同連接形式進行了比較，對燃料酒精產業發展的組織模式進行分析研究，提出燃料酒精產業發展的貿工農一體化經營的組織模式，運用層次分析法建立燃料酒精貿工農一體化經營組織形式選擇評價模型。
  18. It differs from normal enterprises for the unique features of sports games. it has its own particular purposes, investments, competitions, marketing, promotion & regulation mechanism, and it looks more like a monopoly origination “ cartel ”

    它因為體育競賽的特性而不同於一般的企業集團，擁有自己獨特的目標、投資、競爭、營銷、激勵和約束機制，形成為類似於「卡特爾」的壟斷組織。
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