需求與定價 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xūqiúyǔdìngjià]
需求與定價
英文
demand and pricing- 需 : Ⅰ動詞(需要) need; want; require Ⅱ名詞1. (需用的東西) necessaries; needs 2. (姓氏) a surname
- 求 : Ⅰ動詞1 (請求; 要求) ask; beg; request; entreat; beseech : 求人幫忙 ask sb a favour; ask a favou...
- 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 (平靜; 穩定) calm; stable 2 (已經確定的; 不改變的) fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
- 價 : 名詞1. (價格) price 2. (價值) value 3. [化學] (化合價) valence
- 需求 : needs; need; demand; requirement
-
Knowledge is resource, capital and wealth in the values of knowledge to society ; the values of knowledge to human cover that the development of human is not decided by knowledge, but is allodium on the intercourse with knowledge, and that not only is the value of knowledge to human utilitarian, but also knowledge promotes free development of human ' s spirit
一是知識社會價值觀:知識是資源、資本、財富;二是知識人本價值觀:在知識與人的關繫上,人與知識的關系不是機械決定的關系,而是人與知識的交往中按自己的方式尋求預定的目標。知識在與人相遇時,人的需要和價值上升為根本性的依據,而不是相反。Zhuzhou hydropower junction project is a large - scale project with great capital invested, and the project would impropriate the land and work on the neighborhood environment. especially when the project develops up to a certain degree, the influence would be profound. therefore, the construction and operation of zhuzhou hydropower junction project should be on the basement of sustainable development in order to meet the need of the development of economy, environment and social service
株洲航電樞紐工程是一個規模大、耗資多、影響面廣的大型工程,它以永久性佔用土地、影響環境為代價,特別是內河航道發展到一定程度后,這種影響將更為廣泛,因此,株洲航電樞紐工程的建設與運營應謀求其可持續發展,以滿足工程移民區域及移民安置影響地區目前及將來經濟、環境、社會發展的需求。The contents of guidebook include : the terms and definitions of night piece illuminating ; basic principle and request ; programming and design ; the night pieces of various illuminating of city facilities and views, such as the building, construction, square, road, the marking of advertisement, park, leisure facilities, dissolve hole and view of water ; the devices of night piece illuminating, equipments with high newly technical application ; power supply and control ; construction and check before acceptance ; the test and the evaluation of the result ; maintenance and management ; environmental protection and the economy energy, etc.,
指南的內容包括:夜景照明術語與定義基本原則與要求規劃與設計各種城市設施與景觀的夜景照明,如建築構築物廣場道路廣告標志園林與休閑設施溶洞及水景等夜景照明器材設備與高新技術的應用供電與控制施工與驗收效果的測試與評價維護與管理環保與節能等等,並提出了需要注意的問題與解決的辦法。The paper uses the methods of determining the nature and quantity. the sea coal quantity is forecasted by the index - smoothness method based the demand of the future coal market and distributed by the proportion of different transportation modes of the coal input areas and the economical principle, evaluate the capacity, the equipment and the facilities of the coal harbors, establish the evaluation model and index, and research the capacity and countermeasure of the coastal coal harbors based the forecast of the coal production and consumption market by the system principle
本項研究採用定性與定量向結合的方法;煤炭海運量預測以未來煤炭市場需求預測為依據,按照主要煤炭調入地區運輸方式的分配比例,並根據煤炭運輸的經濟性和合理性原則,採用指數平滑預測方法進行預測;對港口通過能力和設施、設備的利用情況進行定量評價,並建立相關的評價模型和評價指標。In present dissertation, most stirpses are repartitioned and redefined, and the structure characteristic, course of formation, cause of formation, function and risk of stirpses are analyzed. the main conclusions are : [ 1 ] rapid development of corporations engenders urgent demand of financing, conflict between capital market imperfection and demand of financing leads corporations to control listed corporations by purchasing " shell " and enhance it ' s financing capability ; [ 2 ] two kinds of pricing institution of stock provides stirpses for controlling listed corporations by low cost, monitoring institution imperfections provides corporations for operating listed corporations. adjust of national assets provides more " shells " ; [ 3 ] more private corporations purchase listed corporations, some of them form stirpses ; [ 4 ] stirpses have positive influence about adjusting industry and enhancing capital market financing function ; [ 5 ] stirpses magnify financial risk by controlling listed corporations, and transform listed corporations from shareholders benefit to block shareholder benefit, having tendency of infracting shareholders benefit
本文主要的結論: [ 1 ]中國企業的迅速發展對融資有迫切的要求,中國國內資本市場發展不完善與這種強烈的融資需求的沖突導致了企業尋求通過買「殼」的方式控制上市公司,以此來提高自身的融資能力; [ 2 ]中國上市公司股票的兩種定價機制為「系」低成本控制上市公司提供了可能,監管機制的不完善為「系」提供了操縱上市公司的空間,國有資產在調整過程中從部分競爭行業退出,為資本市場提供了一定數量的「殼」資源; [ 3 ]民營企業紛紛買「殼」上市,在這個過程中,部分實力突出的企業形成了「系」 ; [ 4 ] 「系」現象對進行行業整合、提高資本市場融資能力等方面起到了積極的作用; [ 5 ] 「系」通過對上市公司進行的操縱放大了金融風險,將上市公司的股東利益最大化變為大股東利益最大化,存在著侵害小股東利益的潛在傾向。Abstract : there is a contradictory situation in china ' s housing market between surplus supply of dwelling house and the short of resident house. the reason is that the effective demand of house is not sufficient. the ways of stimulating effective demand of housing marke in china are : formulating a reasonable house price ; establishing and perfecting social security ; developing the seeond and third housing market ; developing housing finance ; strenthening construction of infrastructure and environment ; improing property managenent
文摘:這國住房市場存在著供給過剩、住房緊張、居住條件差的矛盾,主要原因在於住房有效需求不足.對此,提出了刺激我國住房市場有產需求的途徑:確定合理的住房價格;盡快建立和完善社會保障制度;搞話住房二三級市場;大力發展住房金融;加強城市基礎設施與環境建設;搞好物業管理等It ' s reflected in four aspects : teaching target, teaching resources, teaching tactics and teaching assessment. the determination of teaching contents is the emphasis, and the teaching contents is determined by teaching target ; the collection of material ( teaching resources ) is the difficulty - compose a script after making a careful study of the teaching material, then collect the material according to the script ; teaching tactics are embodied by the determination of information form and by the way in which the contents accord with the form so as to get the best result in teaching ; making teaching assessment guarantees the quality of the software. in the early making period, the original model method of system engineering is adopted to produce small experimental courseware and a further revision and improvement are made in consultation with some experts. also an agreement on the demand of the software system is reached. in the later making period, the software is appraised by experts from its stability, serviceability reasonableness of construction, and the scientific nature of contents, then it is put into use as an experiment. finally those who use it are required to fill the teaching feedback table
教學設計理論是靈魂,它貫穿于整個軟體編制過程,從四個方面來體現:教學目標、教學資源、教學策略、教學評價。教學內容的確定是重點,根據教學目標來確定教學內容;素材的收集(教學資源)是難點,在鉆研教材的基礎上撰寫腳本,根據腳本去收集素材;教學策略體現在信息形式的確定,以及如何使內容與形式協調一致,達到教學最優化的效果;而進行教學評價是本軟體質量的保證,在軟體的製作的初期,採用系統工程論的原型模型法,開發出實驗性小課件,在徵求專家的意見的基礎上進一步修改、完善、確認軟體系統的需求併到達一致的理解,在軟體製作的後期,再請專家從軟體的穩定性、可操作性、結構的合理性、內容的科學性等方面進行鑒定,最後將軟體作實驗性投入使用,再讓實驗對象填寫教學反饋信息表。Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1
故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展,即將上述假定改為: 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向,對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同,但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量,藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比,消費者(農民)僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展,利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料(共1890戶) ,計算了( 1 )不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額; ( 2 )不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重; ( 3 )不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。The main content is to study the stability of some cobweb models in which supply or demand curves are given nonlinear form. researches on the stability are done and the existent conditions and stable regions about equilibrium price are obtained. chapter five, application of logistic equation in cobweb models
第四章:對具體幾個蛛網模型的分析本章是本文研究的核心和重點之二,主要研究了對于供給函數或需求函數為特定非線性形式的幾個蛛網模型的動態分析與穩定性問題,分別對需求函數或供給函數為非線性函數時的蛛網模型,進行了動態分析和穩定性分析,從而得出了其均衡價格的存在條件及穩定區間。Nevertheless, in reality, the quality of the functioning is decided by people ' s different value judgments. in the light of the function ancl the change regularity of property rights, the above characteristics of property rights enabl e people to optimize the function and achieve anticipated goals according to certain value standard, by way of adjusting property rights structure and changing its pattern. moreover, as a general introduction of theories of system changes, it is generalized that the causality of the changes is the external profit which is not available under the existing system ; the prerequisite for the occurrence of change is the shifting of the system from balanced situation to unbalanced
產權功能的上述特點使人們可以依據產權的功能和變動規律,在一定的范圍內通過調整產權結構,改變產權的格局來優化產權的功能,按照一定的價值標準來實現預期的目標;另一方面,作為對制度變遷理論的一般論述,闡明了:制度變遷的誘致因素是在以已有制度安排中無法取得的外部利潤;制度變遷發生的必要前提是制度由均衡狀態到非均衡狀態的轉變;只有當新制度的社會潛在凈效益大於原有制度的社會凈效益、新制度的潛在個別凈效益也大於原有制度的個別凈效益時,才能實現制度需求與制度供給的均衡狀態,制度變遷的過程才會得以完成。The power of brand have the permanent, unique appealing power differentiating with the competitors efficiently, could offer customer even more, not easily substituted releasing value
品牌力具有能有效與競爭者相區分的、持久的獨一無二的吸引力,有適應需求變化和保證需求穩定的非凡能力,可以給消費者更大、不可輕易替代的讓渡價值。Under linear demand and cost functions, we have reached the following main conclusions : ( 1 ) the capitalist selects his optimal location at the market with the smaller demand under the two pricing policies ; ( 2 ) total output under mill pricing is higher than that under uniform pricing ; ( 3 ) the dealer will prefer mill pricing, whereas the preference of the capitalist is indeterminate ; ( 4 ) the welfare level under mill pricing is definitely higher than that under uniform pricing ; ( 5 ) under uniform pricing, the optimal number affirms declines with an increase in the royalty ratio paid to the capitalist
在線性需求與成本函數的假設下,本文得到的結論是: ( 1 )在此二訂價制度下,資本家均會將購物中心設立於需求較小之市場而有角隅解,但在運費外加的情況下,則可能得到中間解; ( 2 )單一出廠訂價之產量高於單一運送訂價之產量; ( 3 )廠商偏好採用單一出廠訂價,但資本家之偏好則未定; ( 4 )單一出廠訂價之社會福利必定高於單一運送訂價之社會福利; ( 5 )單一運送價格制度下最適廠商家數之多寡隨支付給資本家權利金之比率增加而減少。The intrinsic value conflicts between politics and ethics determine the base line and limits of the ethicizing of politics ; the basic demands of individual survival, community survival and type survival decide that the ethicizing of politics must take the realization of " common sharing of value " as a limit among individual virtue, social justice and environment justice ; which requests us to establish and perfect a system ecology in a civil society
摘要政治與倫理之間的內在價值沖突決定了政治倫理化實現的底線與限度;個體生存、群體生存以及類生存的基本需求,決定了政治倫理化的實現必須以實現個人美德、社會正義以及環境正義之間的價值共契為限度;而這一「價值共契」的實現則要求我們必須建立和健全市民社會的制度生態。Under the government pricing stage, the enterprises mainly took the strategy of output decision - making, and the market equilibrium was produced under the interaction of market demand and the output decided by enterprise
完全政府定價階段的企業行為特徵:企業主要以產量決策作為影響企業績效的手段,市場的均衡產生於在價格體系下的市場需求與企業決策的產量間的Price is an important element that affects traffic mode choice. with the rapid development of urban subway traffic construction, it has especial meaning to study actively sensitivity analysis on subway transit demand with the change of subway ticket price and to discuss the way to determine price from theoretical analysis to practical test
價格是影響交通方式選擇的重要因素,在城市軌道交通建設迅猛發展的今天,研究軌道交通需求隨票價變化的敏感性,從理論與實踐上探討定價的方法,具有現實意義。To arrive at an appropriate price decision, enterprises first and foremost need to measure demand. under normal conditions, demand and price move in opposite directions, that is, the higher the price, the lower the demand, and vice versa
企業要正確地進行價格決策,首先需要測定需求,在通常情況下,需求與價格之間是反方向運動,即價格越高,需求越低(反之亦然) 。This thesis focuses on several important, yet difficult, problems concerning procurement and pricing of agc and operating reserve in the electricity market environment, such as forecasting and procurement of agc capacity requirement, coordination of dispatching and pricing strategies in energy and agc markets, procurement and pricing of operating reserve with economic efficiency and reliability requirement well balanced, efficient transactions of operating reserve in a regional power market
例如, agc的需求預測與獲取, agc與有功能量市場的協調運作,兼顧經濟性與可靠性的運行備用容量獲取與定價,以及區域電力市場環境下的運行備用交易等問題。本文針對這幾個重要而尚未得到很好解決的問題進行了比較系統深入的研究: 1Such a growing demand can only result in increased prices
與日俱增的需求註定要引起價格的上漲。Responsible for the evaluation, planning, and execution of project including reviewing and implementing project financial, technical and operational requirements
負責評估項目價格,指定項目實施計劃,執行期負責項目的定期回顧,商務配合提醒,技術選型與需求指定。We thus discuss a new dynamistic price strategy believed to be a nice way to match the supply and demand of such products
動態價格策略是匹配需求與供給的一種可行手段,正確地制定和使用價格策略可以增加產品的收益。分享友人