非有效工時 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēiyǒuxiàogōngshí]
非有效工時 英文
unproductive time
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 工 : Ⅰ名詞1 （工人和工人階級） worker; workman; the working class 2 （工作; 生產勞動） work; labour 3 ...
  • 時 : shí］Ⅰ名1 （比較長的一段時間）time; times; days:當時at that time; in those days; 古時 ancient tim...
  • 有效 : effective; valid; efficacious
  1. There are three stepwise stages of the procedure of the dispute solution, which includes the decision of engineers, the dab and the arbitration. chinese contractors shall take actions to protect their benefits. these actions includes the careful analysis on the claims and the strict managements of contracts, the well understanding of the contracts, especially the terms that exculpatory clause of the employers, then following of the procedure and catching the very chance to bring about claims

    文章指出索賠是國際工程合同中的一種具有補償性的、非常講究時效和書面證據的歸責方式，承包商可分別基於工程變更、僱主違約、風險因素或合同瑕疵等原因對發包商提出索賠請求，工程師決定、 dab爭端裁決和仲裁是解決索賠爭端的三種遞進的基本程序，中國承包商應從採取充分論證索賠權，準確識別索賠機會，熟悉合同文件、嚴格管理合同，充分認知僱主的免責條款、切實遵守索賠程序等多個方面維護自身的利益。
  2. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  3. While discussing the future development trend of chinese ngos in transformation period, the author suggests that ngos set up good inter - dynamic relations with governments, establish effective communicative channels and communion mechanism, try to construct a new mode of cooperation between government and society. the proposed solution can be simply described as follows : let ngos play their roles on the things that the government are unable or unwilling to do, sufficient mandate and support from the government ; on the things that both the government and ngos can do, let ngos give full paly of their roles ; leave the government only to with things that beyond the powers of the market or the ngos

    在從宏觀上探討轉型期中國非政府組織的未來發展的趨勢時，強調非政府組織與政府的良好互動關系，建立有效的溝通渠道和交流機制，試圖構建一種「政府與社會合作」的新型模式。具體分工思路是:在政府不能或不應做的事情上發揮非政府組織的作用，政府予以充分的授權和支持;在政府行政手段和社會自治方式都可以完成的事情上，盡量發揮非政府組織的作用;而政府只去履行市場和非政府組織都無法完成的職能。
  4. The research work presented in this dissertation provides an efficient approach to analyze the dielectric objects and metal - nonmetal composite objects ’ transient electromagnetic scattering phenomena, as well as a solid foundation for the further development in this subject

    本文的工作為分析介質體、金屬非金屬組合目標時域電磁散射現象提供了有效的方法途徑，也為運用時域積分方程求解結構更為復雜、尺寸更為電大的金屬非金屬組合目標的研究打下了堅實的基礎。
  5. The main results indicate that the levels of executive pay are largely driven by firm size, not by firm performance, and equity - based compensation does not necessarily motivate managers to maximize shareholders ' wealth and improve firm performance, and moreover, the boards works inefficiently in designing compensation contracts for top managers

    主要結論表明香港上市公司的管理效用的水平主要由公司規模決定，而非公司的市場業績；同時以股份為工具的補償機制也不能有效促進管理層對小股東的利益和公司業績的關注，董事會也未能有效制訂對高級經理層的補償獎勵合約。
  6. Taking the 718 model gimble as an object, the paper focuses on the influences of the nonlinear friction moment and the motor torque wave to the system ' precision at low speed first, then, makes the theoretical analysis and simulation. the experimental verification is carried out in the 718 model for the effectiveness and feasibility of the discussed compensation methods. the low speed properties and the main reasons for the jitter are analysed

    本文以718模型轉臺為研究對象，針對伺服系統低速工作時影響其精度的非線性摩擦力矩、電機波動力矩，從理論上進行了一系列的分析和模擬研究，討論了低速補償方法，並在718模型轉臺伺服控制系統中實驗驗證了補償方法的可行性和有效性。
  7. But the life time of krf laser medium is only 2 ns while the pump time of e - beam pump krf laser is over 100 ns. when a 1 ps ultrashort pulse amplified by krf laser amplifier most pump energy is waste. technology of multi pulse amplify can solve this problem

    Krf激光器的工作介質是非儲能介質，上能態有效壽命約為2 - 3ns ，而電子束的泵浦時間一般為上百ns ，放大超短脈沖激光時絕大部分上能態的儲能沒有被利用。
  8. Through interpreting power concealed in marriage law in china and england, this thesis invites the non - specialist readers to better understand the law that governs them. it also benefits the law students for helping them employ linguistic theories to assist their daily study

    從實踐的角度，本文會使非法律人士更好地理解規范他們的法律是什麼樣的，同時對於法律工作者有益，使他們可以在適當的時候用語言學的理論來輔助他們的工作，促進工作更有效更科學地開展。
  9. Alkali recovery is an effective way dealing with the black - liquor in pulp mill. black - liquor evaporation and combustion in, alkali recovery are complicated industrial processes. they have characteristics such as strong coupling, non - linearity, large time delay, parameter examining difficulty, etc. and people require more effective control system for the processes "

    堿回收是紙廠處理黑液的有效方法，造紙堿回收過程中的燃燒和蒸發工段是復雜的工業過程，具有復雜性、非線性、大時滯和參數檢測困難等特點，而且人們對于控制系統的控制性能也提出越來越高的要求，常規控制技術已經沒有辦法滿足生產的需要。
  10. With the acceleration of extinction of species, biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned. the extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors. so, taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction. one of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks, i. e. ex situ conservation. the elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential. an ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water content, temperature, humidity and types of containers used during storage. the optimum stage of seed maturity, harvesting techniques and processing, in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy, also play key roles in seed storage. certainly, desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions. according to seed storage behavior, it is necessary to consider three principal factors : storage environment, storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions. the present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants ) for ex situ conservation through seed - gene bank

    一個物種的滅絕是與其受生物因子和非生物因子的威脅程度相關的.隨著物種的加速絕滅，保護生物多樣性受到廣泛地關注.保護生物多樣性的最有效的生物技術之一是建立種子基因庫，進行遷地保護.種子庫理想的貯藏條件主要取決于種子含水量、貯藏環境（如溫度和濕度）和貯存種子的容器.進行種子貯藏，了解種子生命力和活力的影響因子的作用機理是十分重要和必要的.除了種子自身的生理特徵外，種子的貯藏壽命與種子成熟度、收獲技術、加工處理方法也是息息相關的.即使在最適的庫存條件下，種子也會隨時間發生劣變.因此，必須根據種子特定的貯藏行為，加以考慮影響種子存活的3個主要方面（貯藏環境、貯藏期和植物種類）而選擇有效的貯藏方案.本文試圖討論種子貯藏生理的幾個重要方面及其需解決的技術問題，以便更好地通過種子基因庫，長期有效地保存植物種質資源
  11. In this paper, they are set forth at first that the kinds of computer - simulation of electronic devices, the development and the requirements of mosfet ' s model and the way of gain the models " parameters, the dc models have been bui it in chapter 2 and the models of big signals have been deduced in chapter 3, they are different from the equivalent circuit models in the traditional software pspice that they come from the numer i ca i - s i mu i at i on wh i ch is based on the essence equat i on, so the precision of simulation is enhanced ? mosfet ' s small signal models of low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency have been built in chapter 4 and chapter 5, although the equivalent circuit models in pspice are used for reference to bui id them, they have their own characteristics which are analyzed at a i i kinds of situations, so that the simulation software for mosfet can be written according them and it i s a i so benef i c i a i for us to catch the gen i us character i st i cs of mosfet and to d esign all kinds of applicable devices the correctness of the models is simply proved in chapter 6

    本文首先介紹了電子器件計算機模擬的分類、 mosfet的建模發展動態、對器件模型的要求以及模型參數的提取方法。在第二章中建立了mos晶體管在直流端電壓條件下的工作模型；第三章推導了mosfet的大信號模型，這兩類模型不同於傳統模擬軟體例如pspice中的等效電路模型，而是從模型方程出發，採用數值模擬的方法，提高了模擬的精度。第四章和第五章分別建立了mos晶體管低頻、中頻、高頻的小信號模型，雖然借鑒了pspice模擬軟體中用等效電路模型的方法，但是本文分別討論了準靜態和非準靜態時器件的本徵部分以及包含非本徵部分工作于低頻、中頻和高頻條件時的模型，可以根據這些模型編寫相應的模擬軟體，這樣在做器件的模擬分析與器件設計的時候，就可以利用模擬軟體逐步深入地分析器件在不同的條件下和器件的不同部分在工作時的各種小信號特性，有利於抓住器件工作的本質特性，設計出符合要求的各類通用和特殊器件。
  12. The situation of yellow river dry - up is gradually rigorous. it has being influenced the development of the lower reaches of yellow river and the implement of strategy on developing the western areas. based on analyzing the harmfulness, causes of its dry - up from the factors of physical geography and human activities, this article put forward the engineering and non - engineering control measures for controlling yellow river dry - up : strenghtening the unified management and despatch for its water resource ; resorting to compulsion to save water ; quickening key projects duild for the addition of balance and water storing capacity ; increasing synthetical administer to ecological environment ; increasing effectivesupply of water resource

    黃河斷流形勢日趨嚴峻，斷流的頻率增加、時間延長、里程增大，嚴重製約了黃河流域尤其是黃河下游地區的可持續發展和開發大西部戰略的實施.在分析黃河斷流造成的危害、黃河斷流的自然因素和人為因素的基礎上，提出了加強黃河水資源的統一管理和調度、採取強制措施厲行節約用水、加快骨幹工程建設增加調蓄能力、加大流域生態環境綜合治理的力度、適時開源增加水資源的有效供給等工程性和非工程性措施，以防治黃河的斷流
  13. This paper studies nonlinear dynamic problems of tall building structures, first, constitutes linear dynamic equation and elasto - plastic dynamic equation of structure by using qr method, later, solves the dynamic equation by using spline unconditional stable algorithm, last, programs corresponding computer programs with c program language, and calculates some example and a tall building in constructing the courses and the results prove that qr method is not only simple in calculating and fast in constringency rate, but also precise, that qr method is a effective and economic new method

    本文研究高層建築結構彈塑性動力問題，先利用qr法建立了結構線性動力方程及彈塑性動力方程，然後利用樣條無條件穩定演算法求解了動力方程，最後利用c語言編寫了相應的計算程序，計算了一些例題和分析了一個工程實例。 qr法在理論上及方法上不用有限元法及流動法則，避免了這些傳統方法在分析非線性問題時所帶來巨大困難的缺陷。計算結果表明，這種方法不僅計算簡便，而且精度高，收斂速度快，是一種經濟有效的新方法。
  14. Based on polymerization reaction of the nylon - 6 rubberized cord fabric production of distributed control system in yangzhou organic chemical plant computer integrated manufacturing system ( yh - cims / dcs ), the multiple stepwise regression method was used to build the statistic mathematical models of the molecule weight and the monomer quantum of casting slice belt. then the optimization model of polymerization reaction was presented, which was solved by using simulation annealing algorithm to obtain the best techniques parameters. the improved hybrid genetic algorithm and back propagation algorithm are combined to train neural network, brought out the neural network prediction model of casting slice belt ' s average molecule weight to guide the technologist on - line

    提出了流程工業生產過程操作優化策略和應用實施方法，包括生產過程離線優化策略、非線性問題求解策略、在線優化模型及學習策略；結合揚州有機化工廠計算機集成製造系統集散控制系統（ yh - cims dcs ）的實施，針對錦綸? 6浸膠南京理工大學博士學位論文摘要簾于布生產中己內酚胺聚合反應過程優化控制這一工程實際問題，採用統計建模方法，建立了聚合反應過程的優化模型；為求解所得的優化模型，提出了種改進的有約束條件下的模擬退火演算法，該演算法能避免陷於局部最優解，有效地提高了所求解的全局性和可靠性：提出了基於改進的ga演算法和sp演算法相結合的混合學習演算法，建立了基於神經網路的聚合反應過程生產目標在線預測模型，該演算法和模型滿足了生產中的實時性和實用性要求。
  15. The long - serving health minister, manto tshabalala - msimang, who was largely behind the earlier, ineffective response to the epidemic, remains in post, although she has been ill and unable to work much

    曼托?查巴拉拉姆西曼擔任衛生部長多年，在艾滋病猖獗南非之時，她沒有及時有效地控制局面，現在身體不佳，無法正常工作，但還繼續擔任著這一職位。
  16. Random process theory is a kind of effective mathematical tool to handle random vibration problem. through frequency spectra and time domain analysis for random course, the seemed complex vibration time - history can be transferred to trigonometric function series, thus makes it have certain periodic feature

    隨機過程是處理隨機振動問題的一種有效的數學工具，通過對隨機過程進行時域分析和頻譜分析，可以將看似非常復雜和毫無規律的隨機振動表示為三角函數的級數形式，從而使其具備了一定的周期性特徵。
  17. At this point, nc - si solar cell comes with its advantages of broader timescale, lower cost. the broader timescale merit of nc - si solar cell arises from its high absorption of light with wavelength around 300 - 800nm, no matter it is scattered or not, and no matter it is weak or blazing

    在這一點上，非晶硅材料由於對波長在300nm - 800nm之間的光具有更高的吸收系數，因而有著更長的有效工作時間和更低的成本，不論光線是發散光還是平行光，是弱光還是強光，它都能夠予以吸收。
  18. The main work of the first part includes : analyzing the theory of measuring direction and distance of the target by three elements symmetrical and dissymmetrical array, comparing the measuring error of two kinds of array, discussing the characteristics of time delay in passive distance measurement, giving valid method of time delay estimation, and discussing the restriction of this method and the distance wrapping in passive ranging

    對三元非對稱陣被動測距技術的主要研究工作包括：分析了三元對稱陣和非對稱陣測向測距的原理，對兩種陣型的測向、測距誤差進行了對比分析，探討了三元陣被動測距中時延差的特點，提出了有效的時延差估計方法，並對該方法的局限性以及被動測距中存在的距離模糊問題進行了探討研究。
  19. Underwater target echoes are typically nonstationary signals and time - frequency analysis is effective to deal with nonstationary signals

    水下目標回波信號是典型的非平穩信號，時頻分析是分析非平穩信號的有效工具。
  20. Many commentators have argued ? and i agree ? that legislative action is not the best way to control child labor, barring some special cases, such as when we have reason to believe that there are multiple equilibria ( and so a benign intervention will work )

    我和許多評論家都認為，立法並非抑制童工的最佳手段，但有些時候例外，例如我們基於充份理由而認定有多重平衡（因而善意干預有效）的時候。
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