非熱電子 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fēirèdiànzi]
非熱電子
英文
non thermal electron-
We have synthesized the imprinted polymers using phenacetin, nicotine, paracematol and aminopyrine as the template molecules respectively and deduced the response model of the piezoelectric bio - mimetic sensors
我們合成了非那西丁、尼古丁、撲熱息痛和氨基比林四種模板分子的印記聚合物，得出了壓電模擬生物傳感器的響應模型。Cubic boron nitride ( cbn ) is a synthesized wide - band - gap iii - v compound semiconductor and has lots of excellent physical and chemical properties. it has been attracted a nice bit of attention for years because of its application in mechanics, calorifics, optics and electronics
立方氮化硼（ cbn ）是一種人工合成的寬帶隙-族化合物半導體材料，它有許多優異的物理化學性質，在力學、熱學、光學、電子學等方面有著非常誘人的應用前景，多年來一直吸引著國內外眾多研究者的興趣。Compared with traditional mechanical and optic gyros, hrg has such advantages as no high speed circumvolving or moving parts in structure, no warm - up time and short start - up time, wide signal band in frequency, low excursion noises, great endurance in over loading, nuclear radiation and short time power off, small bulk, light weight, low power cost and long life, which is suitable for space applications
與傳統的機械陀螺和光學陀螺相比，半球諧振陀螺具有如下優勢:結構上無高速轉子、無活動部件;不需預熱，啟動時間短;信號頻帶寬，漂移噪聲低;能承受大的機動過載;抗核輻射，並可經受短時間電源中斷的影響;體積小，重量輕，功耗低，壽命長，非常適合空間應用。Many planets ( for example, ganymede, mercury, the earth, jupiter and saturn ) and stars ( for example, the sun ) possess intrinsic magnetic fields. the explanation for their existence and variation remains a great challenge to planetary scientists and astrophysicists. this article attempts to review some recent developments and difficulties in the study of magnetohydrodynamics for the electrically conducting fluid interiors of planets and stars. it is the fluid motions, usually driven by thermal convection, that generate and sustain magnetic fields through magnetohydrodynamic processes in planets and stars. in planets, the magnetohydrodynamic processes are strongly affected by the combined and inseparable effects of rotation, magnetic fields and spherical geometry. the key dynamics involves the interaction between the coriolis and lorentz forces. in the sun, it is the solar tachocline, a thin shear flow layer located at the base of the convection envelope, that plays an essential role in the solar magnetohydrodynamic processes which produce the 11 - year sunspot cycle. some results of a new nonlinear three - dimensional solar dynamo model are also presented
許多行星（如木衛三，水星，地球，木星和土星）和恆星（如太陽）具有內部磁場.對這些磁場的存在和變化的解釋對行星科學家和天體物理學家是一個巨大的挑戰.本文試圖總結行星和恆星的導電流體內部磁流體力學研究的新近發展和困難.一般由熱對流驅動的流動通過磁流體力學過程產生並維持在行星和恆星中的磁場.在行星中磁流體力學過程強烈地受到轉動，磁場和球幾何位型的綜合影響.其動力學的關鍵方面涉及科里奧利力和洛倫茲力間的相互作用.在太陽中其流線，即處于對流層的薄的剪切流層在太陽的磁流體力學過程中扮演了一個基本的角色，並由之產生了11年的太陽黑子周期.本文也給出了一個新的非線性三維太陽發電機模型Suction gas pressure goes up as the compressor run at the lower speed in the lower burthen, and this is beneficial to lower systems energy - consume. when the system is controlled by wvf, the discharge change of the evaporator is not linear ; the electronic expansion valve is adopted to regulate the system superheat degree, and the controlled object is parameter time varying, accordingly, the time varying controller should be adopted
在負荷較小時，壓縮機採用低速運轉，吸氣壓力升高，這對系統降低能耗是有利的；變頻控制時，蒸發器製冷劑流量的變化並非線性；系統中採用電子膨脹閥進行過熱度控制，被控對象具有參數時變的特性，相應地宜採用變結構的控制器。Surface states and the topmost surface atoms of the batio3 thin films have been analyzed by x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xps ) and angle - resolved x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( arxps ). the results show that the as - grown batio3 thin films have an enriched - bao nonstoichiometric surface layer which can be removed by ar + ion sputtering, and the atomic ratio of ba to ti decreases with increasing the depth of ar + ion sputtering
用x射線光電子能譜技術（ xps ）和角分辨x射線光電子能譜技術（ arxps ）研究了薄膜的表面化學態以及最頂層原子種類和分佈狀況，結果顯示在熱處理過程中薄膜表面形成一層富含bao的非計量鈦氧化物層，並且鋇-鈦原子濃度比隨著探測深度的增大而逐漸減小。He is currently the vice chairma n of the federation of hong kong industries, a non - official member of the committee on economic development and economic cooperation with the mainland of the commission on strategic development, and a member of the home affairs bureau s sports commission. besides, dr chung also serves as a council member of vocational training council, chairman of electronics electrical appliances industry advisory committee of the hong kong trade development council, council member of employers federation of hong kong, council member and executive committee member of the hong kong management association, and he is also the director of the hong kong safety institute limited and hong kong standards and testing centre
鍾志平博士太平紳士現為嶺大商學院諮詢委員會委員，熱心服務社稷的他，參與工職繁多，當中包括香港工業總會副主席策略發展委員會經濟發展及內地經濟非官方委員民政事務局體育委員會會員職業訓練局委員香港貿易發展局電子及家電業諮詢委員會主席香港僱主聯合會理事會委員香港管理專業協會理事會及行政委員會委員及香港安全認證中心及香港標準及檢定中心董事等。And, this thesis return as to it ' s measure to measure the proceeding error margin the analysis, and was analyzed by error margin the enthalpy different laboratory matchs the gb / t 7725 - 1996 standard, can be used for measuring the making the cold and making the heat ' s ability, the consuming, the cop, the breeze deal under the steady state or not steady state of air condition of diagraph room, and it can also test the influence of the four channels change to the face valve and and the electronic expanding valve to the whole function of the air condition
而且，本論文還對其測量量進行誤差分析，經誤差分析該焓差室符合gb t7725 - 1996標準，可用於測量房間空調穩態及非穩態製冷能力和制熱能力、工耗、 cop以及空調器室內機組的風量，並能測試四通換向閥、電子膨脹閥等控制元件對空調器整體性能的影響。The experimental results are helpful to understand the acceleration mechanisms of the hot electron emission in the interaction of the us - ui laser pulse with plasma. an anisotropy energy distribution of the hot electrons emiaon has been observed for the first time in the experiments. the energy spectrum of hot electrons resulted from the resonance absorption at the direction of target normal is a maxwellian - like distribution
E11分佈，擬合的超熱電子有效溫度約200kev左右，超熱電子的最大能量約zmev ，加速電子的主導機制是共振吸收機制;反射方向超熱電子的能譜在低能段出現一個局部的平臺（ pla1leau ） ，呈現出非類maxwen分佈，這是幾種加熱機制共同作用的結果，其中佔主導地位的是反射激光加速機制。In this paper, such three points are studied as : a ) the angular distributions of the hot electrons emission under laser irradiation at different incidence angles and at different polarization direction, the angular distribution of the hot electrons in the different energy range, and the effects of laser prepulse on the angular distributions of the hot electrons emission ; b ) the energy distribution of the hot electrons at different directions, from the metallic targets and the dielectric targets, in the different energy range of the hot electrons, and the effects of the atomic number z on the energy distribution of hot electron generated by the metallic targets ; and c ) the energetic proton emission resulting from the interaction of the us - ui laser pulse with plasma
本論文進行了三個方面的研究：第一，超熱電子角分佈的研究，包括不同激光入射角下超熱電子的角分佈；激光不同偏振態下超熱電子的角分佈；激光預脈沖對超熱電子角分佈的影響；不同能段的超熱電子的角分佈。第二，超熱電子能量分佈的研究，包括不同方位超熱電子的能量分佈，金屬與非金屬靶材的超熱電子的能量分佈，金屬原子序數z對超熱電子能量分佈的影響以及不同能段超熱電子的能量分佈。第三，研究了超短超強激光與固體靶相互作用所產四川大學博士學位論文生的高能質子發射和能譜。The equations which are used in the radiation hydrodynamic model include the hydrodynamic equation of plasma, the absorption equation of laser, non - lte electron occupation probability equations, electron ion and photon energy equations ( three - temperature equations ), and the state equation of matter and so on
考慮的方程有：等離子體流體力學方程組，激光吸收方程，非局域熱動平衡電離下電子占據概率的速率方程組，電子離子的能量守恆方程組和光子的能量輸運方程（三溫方程組） ，關于元素不透明度的方程，以及描述物質狀態的方程等。The passive location and tracking system, which uses electromagnetic wave emitted by target, has proved its merits of self - hiding and far - distance detecting in modern electronic warfare ( ew ) and information warfare. and it is now the hotspot in the field of non - linear tracking and estimation
在現代電子戰、信息戰環境中，由於利用目標輻射電磁信息的無源探測定位系統具有自身隱蔽和探測距離遠等優點，因此它具有重要的應用價值，並已成為當今非線性跟蹤與估計研究領域的熱點問題。Catalysts were prepared by impregnation reduction, thermal reduction, advanced thermal reduction and sol - gel methods from these metals. electrochemistry measurements, xrd, tem were used to test these catalysts. the results showed that these metals have some electrocatalysis activities towards hydrogen oxidation reaction
本文選擇了w 、 mo 、 co等金屬，採用浸漬還原法、熱還原法、改進的熱還原法以及溶膠凝膠法分別制備了這幾種金屬的碳載催化劑，對制備出的非貴金屬催化劑進行了電化學測試、 x -射線衍射（ x - raydiffraction ， xrd ） 、透射電子顯微鏡（ transmissionelectronmicroscopy ， tem ）等測試，研究結果表明:這些非貴金屬在硫酸體系中對氫氣的氧化反應均有一定的催化活性。Some classes of explicit and exact travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear dispersive - disspative equation ， which describes weak nonlinear ion - acoustic waves in a plasma consisting of cold ions and warm electrons ， are obtained by a kind of com bination of the direct algebraic method and the ansatze method. some results of other papers can be regard as a special case. the method in this paper can also be applied to the higher dimensional nonlinear evolution equations
本文通過直接代數方法與假設方法的一種結合求出了一個用於描述由冷離子和熱電子組成的等離子體弱非線性離子聲波演化的非線性色散-耗散方程的幾類顯式精確行波解.這里的結果包含已有文獻的結果作為特例.本文的方法也適用於高維非線性發展方程Besides, successfully calculating the electromagnetic four - potential in the spacetime of charged black hole expressed by the generali zed spherical coordinate and furtherly solving the h - j equation of such spacetime make it possible to get the exact description of the energy extent of nonthermal radiation particle and to study the characteristics of such black hole ' s nonthermal radiation
另外，本文還求出了一類用扁橢球坐標表示的荷電黑洞時空中的電磁四維勢矢量，從而成功地求解了此類彎曲時空中的hh方程，得到了這種非熱輻射粒子能量范圍的精確表達式，從而對這類黑洞的非熱輻射特徵進行了研究。( 1 ) the got by experiment may contain thermal contributing by electrons and this part is not can be ignored. ( 2 ) got by thermal dynamic experimental data under normal temperature and pressure can be a standard for various theoretical models, but its precision should be analysis carefully before to use. ( 3 ) the method of using the migault ' s formular associate tuning up parameter to express which often be used is not very reasonable
本文第3章就gr neisen物態方程研究了三方面問題：第一方面，在分析了幾種不同定義的gr neisen系數的區別與聯系的基礎上指出， （ 1 ）在沖擊壓縮區，直接依據實驗數據獲得的往往包含不可忽略的電子熱貢獻； （ 2 ）常態熱力學可作為檢驗gr neisen系數理論模型的一個標準，但應注意該實驗測量值的精度（包括由於實際材料中存在的「非三項式物態方程因素」的影響） ，而所總結的在周期表上所具有較明顯的規律性，可作為對該值精確程度判斷的參考； （ 3 ）指出一種以調節參數的migault公式描述的常用方法的基礎與實際情況並不相符。Environmental testing for electric and electronic products part 2 : tests tests z bfc : combined dry heat vibration sinusoidal tests for both heat - dissipating and non - heat - dissipating specimens
電工電子產品環境試驗第2部分：試驗方法試驗z bfc ：散熱和非散熱試驗樣品的高溫振動With the development of the electron and information technology, the blind de - spread of spread spectrum signals in non - cooperation communication has been a research hot spot. the blind detection and estimation of the chip rate and period of pseudo noise ( pn ) sequence are the precondition for the realization of blind de - spread
隨著電子戰和信息戰技術的發展，非合作通信條件下擴頻信號盲解擴成為擴頻通信領域的研究熱點，擴頻信號pn碼速率和碼周期的盲檢測和盲估計是實現盲解擴的前提。However the study of metal - oxide hetero - interface is relatively less because the properties of metals and oxides usually differ extremely from each other. contrary to metals, the oxides are usually very brittle, elastically stiffer, insulating and exhibit less thermal expansion and their crystal lattice constants are different from metals. moreover, the preparation of specimen of metal - oxide interface is very difficult, the observation of searching a suitable interface under the electron microscope is also a tedious work
然而，對金屬-氧化物界面結構的研究卻相對少一些，這主要是由於金屬與氧化物之間的性質相差非常大，與金屬相反，氧化物通常很脆、絕熱、熱膨脹系數小，晶格常數也不同於金屬，有的甚至相差很大，而且，制備金屬-氧化物界面比較困難，在電子顯微鏡下全面地觀察一個合適的界面也是一項令人乏味的工作。By using x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), scanning electron microscopy ( sem ), transmission electron microscopy ( tem ), differential scanning calorimeter ( dsc ) and optical microscopy, mechanical activation is investigated. and during the study, two new innovative processes or thoughts, " dual activation reactive milling " and " in situ synthesis in salt bath activated by ma " has been presented for the synthesis of nanometer - sized powder. the phase transformation and oxidation control of cu - cr system during ma is also investigated
在採用x射線衍射分析（ xrd ） 、掃描及透射電子顯微鏡（ sem tem ） 、能譜分析（ eds ） 、熱分析（ dsc ） 、激光粒度測試等試驗手段對ma過程機械激活作用的研究中，發現並提出了「雙重激活反應研磨」和「機械激活鹽浴合成」兩種創新工藝思路；同時，對cu - cr難互溶體系在機械合金化過程中飽和固溶體、氧化物非晶的形成以及氧化現象的控制進行了探討分析。分享友人