非結合電子 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēijiēgědiànzi]
非結合電子 英文
no ondingelectron
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 結 : 結動詞（長出果實或種子） bear （fruit）; form （seed）
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 電 : Ⅰ名詞1 （有電荷存在和電荷變化的現象） electricity 2 （電報） telegram; cable Ⅱ動詞1 （觸電） give...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 結合 : 1 （發生密切聯系; 聯合） combine; unite; integrate; link; binding; coalition; cohesion; connectio...
  • 電子 : [物理學] [電學] electron
  1. Syntheses and characterization of nonlinear optical azobenzene derivatives

    推拉電子結構非線性光學偶氮苯衍生物的合成
  2. In the system, the collimation semiconductor laser - scanned beam scanning two perpendiculars direct of one plane of the measured workpiece at the same time is made. the beams with the dimension information of two perpendiculars direct are processed by the scanning receive system, the high - speed photoelectric transition and electronic data process. two measured results of the diametric directs and ellipse tolerance, etc, parameter, of the turning workpiece on the same plane are obtained by non - contact automatic measurement

    在單向激光掃描檢測技術的基礎之上，提出了一種雙向激光掃描檢測系統，其採用激光掃描檢測技術與特殊光學系統相結合，用準直半導體激光掃描光束對被測工件徑向某一截面的兩個相互垂直方向同時掃描，經掃描接收光學系統、高速光電變換、電子學系統和微機數據處理系統，對將攜帶有垂直方向被測量信息的光束進行處理，實現了回轉體工件同一截面兩個垂直方向的徑向尺寸和橢圓度等參數的非接觸自動測量，解決了同時非接觸測量回轉體零件同一截面兩個徑向尺寸的難題，它具有高速，高精度和非接觸自動測量等特點。
  3. The application in internet / lntranet uhich is very popular today is also discussed here especially the adms combined with the web technology

    針對目前非常流行的的iternet / intranet及電子商務的應用，本文探討了結合web應用的分散式多層應用系統。
  4. 1. a new method to identify _ amylase activity and its producing bacteria : the blue complex was formed by unspecific adsorption, after mixing starch and trypan _ blue. the adsorption weakened when the starch was hydrolyzed to small molecular by _ amylase, and the trypan _ blue was released inside the hydrolyed zone. the starch around the zone which was not hydrolyzed adsorbed free trypan - blue so that the colour of medium became bluer than that of place in hydrolyzed zone

    快速鑒定並篩選-澱粉酶及其產生菌的新方法：錐蟲藍染料和澱粉由於靜電非特異性吸附結合后使澱粉呈穩定的藍色，當澱粉被澱粉酶水解后因分子變小吸附力減弱，而讓錐蟲藍游離出來，游離的錐蟲藍被周圍未水解的澱粉吸附而使顏色加深，澱粉水解區則形成無色、透明的水解圈。
  5. Phalocyanines are a kind of centrosymmetric planar organo - metallic molecules with an extensively delocalized two dimensional conjugated - electron system which show a relatively large third order optical nonlinearity, varying upon central metal atom substitution and other factors

    金屬酞菁配合物是一種具有平面共軛電子結構的大環配合物。研究表明，酞菁配合物在可見及近紅外波段具有良好的非線性光限幅性能。
  6. The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either

    在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。
  7. The main work and conclusion for this paper is as following : according to the flashover test results of several kinds of iced insulators under positive voltage and negative voltage, this paper obtained : for the single porcelain insulator, the single glass insulator and the composite insulator bridged completely by icicle, the metal cathode ' s strong ability of emission electron is the primary reason that results in the lower negative flashover voltage ; the position difference of the high resistance district in method anode side results in that porcelain insulator cluster and glass insulator cluster have an evident effect of polarity ; when less ice and no icicle at the brim of the sheds, due to numerous non - polar arcs on the composite surface, the effects of polarity of composite insulator was lost using the test method of the average flashover voltage in the freezing period, dc flashover performances were investigated of several insulators with some typical structures and different material

    本文的主要工作和結論如下：在人工氣候室內，根據不同覆冰絕緣子正、負極性下的閃絡試驗結果，得出負極性電弧金屬陰極的強電子發射能力造成了單片瓷、玻璃絕緣子及被冰凌橋接的合成絕緣子有較低負極性冰閃電壓；正極性電弧金屬陽極側產生高電阻區所處位置的差異使得瓷和玻璃絕緣子串具有明顯的極性效應；覆冰較少時，合成絕緣子表面出現數量較多的非極性電弧使合成絕緣子無極性效應。利用覆冰期內平均閃絡電壓的試驗方法，對不同材質和結構的絕緣子在覆冰、低氣壓和污穢共存環境中的直流閃絡特性進行了研究。試驗結果表明，直流平均閃絡電壓隨著海拔的升高、覆冰量的增加以及污穢度的增加而降低，且其特徵指數與絕緣子結構、覆冰量、覆冰狀態、污穢度等有關。
  8. Tv broadcasting is an integral part of these creative industries, inextricably - linked with the mass - entertainment film industry, radio, newspapers, magazines, children ' s toys, electronic games, fashion - with the advertising industry a very prominent “ cement ” in that structure … they interlock, incestuously perhaps, and provide constant mutual product and programme support

    電視傳播是這些創造性產業中的主要部分，它不可避免地與大眾娛樂電影產業、廣播、報紙、雜志、兒童玩具、電子游戲、時裝等聯系在一起，而廣告業是這個結構中的一種非常重要的黏合劑… …它們互相連鎖，也許是混亂錯雜地交叉滲透，提供持續合作的共同產品和相互支持的節目。
  9. The experimental results are helpful to understand the acceleration mechanisms of the hot electron emission in the interaction of the us - ui laser pulse with plasma. an anisotropy energy distribution of the hot electrons emiaon has been observed for the first time in the experiments. the energy spectrum of hot electrons resulted from the resonance absorption at the direction of target normal is a maxwellian - like distribution

    E11分佈，擬合的超熱電子有效溫度約200kev左右，超熱電子的最大能量約zmev ，加速電子的主導機制是共振吸收機制;反射方向超熱電子的能譜在低能段出現一個局部的平臺（ pla1leau ） ，呈現出非類maxwen分佈，這是幾種加熱機制共同作用的結果，其中佔主導地位的是反射激光加速機制。
  10. By analyzing their energy offset on the interfaces, we found that the introduction of ii - vi compounds replaces the original steep barrier with ladder - like barriers. the injection probability becomes the production of two injection probabilities through lower barriers and become larger than the original one. in chapter 5 we want to utilize the deeper, dynamical ( in addition of static ) properties of semiconductor to reinforce the luminescence of oel

    為使類陰極射線發光同有機電致發光集成，我們設計了非對稱結構al sioz mnppvn ， mn ppv中的發光是由於從sioz出來的電子和從ld注人的空穴的復合，而由於sioz中的電子的倍增過程，從sioz層出來的電子能量不是單一的，而有一個從低能到高能的分佈。
  11. In addition, we are highly interested to study non - covalent interaction involved in the protein quaternary structure by using various biophysical methods ( including analytical ultracentrifugation and nanospray - esi - ms ) as these approaches can be applied to decipher protein - protein interaction

    此外，我們也使用一些生物物理的方法，例如分析型超高速離心、電子噴?離子化質譜技術，探討在蛋白質四級結構中的非共價性結合的交互作用，希望所得的結果能夠應用在蛋白質與蛋白質的交互作用。
  12. In addition, the breakdown and the degeneration of pcss " s are serious problems in the applications. in this dissertation the mode of luminous charge domain is perfected ulteriorly by deeply studying the dynamics characteristic of high - field domain of the trans - electron device with experiment stability of nonlinear pcss

    本文在通過對轉移電子器件偶極疇的動力學特徵作了深入分析的基礎上，結合非線性pcss ' s的穩定性實驗，對非線性pcss ' s的光激發電荷疇理論模型作了進一步的完善。
  13. First, the paper researchs the spice simulation of single electron transistor based on curve approach and quasi - analytical model of single electron transisor, and simulate characteristic of single electon transistor with matlab tool. secondly, the paper combine spice simulation program with master equation of single electron transistor, put forward novel spice simulation method of single electron transistor based on master equation, by choose master state of single electron transistor and build master equation of single electron transistor, afterward gain nonlinear cortrolled source of spice model of single electron transistor by solve the master equation of single electron transistor and simulate v - i characteristic of single electon transistor by spice program, it ’ s result prove the method is availability precision comparing with master equation method

    然後在此基礎上提出了基於主方程法單電子晶體管spice模擬新方法，本論文結合當前電路模擬軟體spice程序和單電子晶體管主方程模擬演算法，通過選擇單電子島電子數的主要狀態，建立單電子晶體管主方程，然後求解主方程，求得單電子晶體管spice等效模型的受控源的非線性函數，然後利用集成電路輔助分析軟體spice的abm （模擬行為建模）建立單電子晶體管（ set ） spice等效模型，利用set的等效模型對單電子晶體管v - i特性進行模擬，實驗證明此方法與直接解主方程法相比具有一定的精度。
  14. Based on the self - consistent nonlinear theory of complex cavity gyrotron with gradual transition, a simulation code of self - consistent nonlinear beam - wave interaction has been made, in which the multiple modes interaction with an electron beam and the mode coupling are taken into account. the interaction between the electron beam and hsn - h521 rf field for third - harmonic gyrotron is simulated. the influences of the thickness and the velocity spread and the velocity ratio of the electron beam and the fluctuation of the magnetic field and the technologic errors of complex cavity on the multi - modes interaction with an electron beam are analyzed

    二、在漸變復合腔迴旋管多模自洽非線性理論的基礎上，編制了高次諧波漸變復合腔迴旋管多模注?波互作用自洽非線性模擬軟體，並對8mm波段三次諧波漸變結構復合腔迴旋管的注? ?波互作用進行了大量的自洽非線性數值模擬計算與研究，進而分析了電子注的厚度、速度零散、速度比值、磁場波動、腔體尺寸的加工誤差等等多種因素對互作用效率的影響。
  15. Some classes of explicit and exact travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear dispersive - disspative equation ， which describes weak nonlinear ion - acoustic waves in a plasma consisting of cold ions and warm electrons ， are obtained by a kind of com bination of the direct algebraic method and the ansatze method. some results of other papers can be regard as a special case. the method in this paper can also be applied to the higher dimensional nonlinear evolution equations

    本文通過直接代數方法與假設方法的一種結合求出了一個用於描述由冷離子和熱電子組成的等離子體弱非線性離子聲波演化的非線性色散-耗散方程的幾類顯式精確行波解.這里的結果包含已有文獻的結果作為特例.本文的方法也適用於高維非線性發展方程
  16. Any opinions, conclusions, advice or statements contained in this email should not be relied upon unless they are confirmed in writing by contracts, agreements or statements signed by sanofi - aventis

    對于本電子郵件中包含的觀點、結論、建議或陳述，除非已經賽諾菲安萬特書面簽署合同、協議或聲明予以確認，不應被作為任何行為的依據。
  17. This paper starts with the current situation of china ' s financial computerization to grasp its developing trend, then analyzes the subsequent broad impacts on traditional financial risks and challenges to financial supervision, and at last puts forward a framework to effectively supervise financial computerizing risk and accelerate the financial development. this paper points out that, payment system modernizing, data centralizing, electronic banking applying, financial networking, and money electronicing are bound to boost financial innovation and cause fundamental changes to financial services, therefore affect strategic risk, operational risk, reputational risk, legal risk, and innovation risk greatly, which will bring about challenges to the principles, modes, measures, and contents of financial supervision

    本文研究認為，我國金融電子化將呈現電子支付體系現代化、數據高度集中化、電子銀行應用廣泛化、金融業務網路化和貨幣電子化五大趨勢，極大推動金融創新的發展，金融業務模式發生根本變革，戰略風險、操作風險、信譽風險、法律風險等出現新的重大變化，金融風險的來源、范圍、結構、復雜性和影響程度極度擴大，傳統的監管原則已不再適應金融業發展的需要，監管方式必須向非現場監管和現場檢查的有機結合轉變，原有的監管手段失效，金融監管的內容也有了更廣泛的內涵。
  18. It contains : ( l ) ec is such a new commercial mode that pharmacy enterprises must develop it urgently ; ( 2 ) the trials have been set up in pharmacy enterprises, which became more and more important, it founds the basis on developing pharmacy ec ; ( 3 ) it should be forbidden for pharmacy enterprises to gather in ec, if they want to develop ec actively. they should abide by active and safe rule ; and ( 4 ) they should choice developing tactics, which suit for themselves according to the situation and their own characteristic

    提出了電子商務是一種新興的先進的商務模式，醫藥電子商務勢在必行：醫藥電子商務的試點工作已經展開且非常必要，為醫藥電子商務的發展奠定了基礎；醫藥企業要積極開展電子商務，但切忌一哄而上，堅持積極穩妥、循序漸進的原則和醫藥企業開展電子商務時要依據形勢和自身特點，選擇合適的發展策略等基本研究結論。
  19. A brief introduction to semiconductor spintronics that includes magnetic semiconductor, magnetic / semiconductor compound structures, spin phenomena in the non - magnetic semiconductor quantum well and nanostructures, and spin injection into semiconductor etc. is given

    摘要簡單介紹了半導體自旋電子學的研究對象和內容，主要包括磁性半導體、磁性半導體復合結構、非磁性半導體量子阱和納米結構中的自旋現象，以及半導體的自旋注入等。
  20. At present, local morphology was used to discriminate ferroelectric phase area and non - ferroelectric phase area, but once morphology variation of phase transformation was tiny, the ferroelectric phase area and non - ferroelectric phase area was hard to discriminate only from morphology view. however, the introduction of sndm can overcome this limitation, and visualize the investigation of annealing process. combining x - ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy ( afm ) with sndm, the phase transformation process of pzt thin films with different annealing time and of plt films with different annealing temperature were studied, respectively

    結合原子力顯微鏡（ afm ） 、 sndm 、 x射線衍射（ xrd ） ，通過對微區形貌、電容分佈變化和鐵電薄膜結晶情況的表徵和分析，研究了pzt鐵電薄膜和plt鐵電薄膜的晶化過程，分析了不同退火時間對pzt鐵電薄膜微結構，不同退火溫度對plt薄膜的微結構和微區極化分佈的影響，有效克服僅依據形貌特徵判定鐵電相與非鐵電相的局限性，實現鐵電薄膜微區晶化過程的可視化分析，豐富了晶化過程的研究方法。
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