預研一代 的英文怎麼說

This paper takes mobile engineering department equipment management of daqing petrochemical parent company as an example, and studies the design and application of equipment management system of daqing petrochemical parent company, for the implement of computerizing the equipment entire process management with the equipment management system and completing the synthesis management, the records management, the expense management, the fixed asset management, the specialized management and the information management with the computer system and making in the manual management some qualitative and stochastic ingredients transforming into the quantitative standard management. so it guarantees that we can perform advanced predicting management in the entire process of the matter movement and the value movement of equipment and complete the equipment servicing transition from the compulsory servicing and afterwards servicing to the preventive servicing, improving work quality, efficiency and modernized degree which the equipment manages and assisting enterprise ’ s equipment management decision - making and the whole realization of management goal and enhancing the enterprise ’ s interior equipment utilization and realizing its maximum profit

本文以大慶石化總廠機動工程部的設備管理為例，對大慶石化總廠設備管理系統的設計與應用進行研究，旨在通過設備管理系統實現設備全過程管理計算機化，由計算機系統來完成設備的綜合管理、檔案管理、費用管理、固定資產管理、專業管理及信息管理，使人工管理中一些定性的、隨機的成分轉變為定量的規范的管理，保證大慶石化總廠對設備的物質運動和價值運動的全過程實行先進的可預知性管理，並逐漸將設備維修從目前的以強制性維修及事後維修為主過渡到以預防性維修為主，提高設備管理的工作質量、效率和現代化程度，輔助企業的設備管理工作決策及經營管理目標的整體實現，提高大慶石化總廠內部設備的利用率及實現其最大的經濟效益。

Fundamental of laser 40ar / 39ar dating method : our laboratory has successfully set up the laser microprobe 40ar / 39ar geological dating method. our works include adjustment of the high - gain electron multiplier in mass spectrometer and correction of mass discrimination, adjustment of the laser, test for absorption ability of minerals to laser, designing and manufacturing high - vacuum sample chamber, sample preparation and irradiation, research on the variability of j values on the surface of rock chips, measuring atmospheric argon, determination and correction of blanks and ages, etc. the laser microprobe technique is particularly effective for some geological samples. it can be used, for example, for research of distribution of the components in extremely small samples that are very difficult to be separated and purified and those which contain excess argon

本文首先從常規~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar階段升溫定年實驗室的改進入手，進而建立了激光~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar定年實驗室，利用這兩種先進同位素地質定年方法，結合其他手段，對青藏高原腹地和北緣的阿爾金斷裂系多期地質事件進行了詳細的同位素年代學研究：一、參照國際先進實驗室的流程，對我們的常規~ （ 40 ） ar ~ （ 39 ） ar階段升溫實驗室在樣品的預處理、樣品的照射條件和系統空白測量及校正等方面進行了改進，使之產出的同位素年代數據更可靠並為國際同行所承認。

With the thinking of futurology, this paper is divided into two parts, budgeting plan and budgeting execution, to try to detect the present problems and to find approaches to solve them. the purpose of this paper is to make the those methods more scientific to realize the combination of enterprise tactics management and strategy management in the systematic, strategic and total - attending way that other measures of management can not achieve

帶著未來學的思想，文章將預算管理分為預算編制和預算執行兩大塊進行研究，試圖找到它們各自現存的問題及解決途徑，使之逐步完善科學，發揮出其機制性、戰略性、全員性等一系列其他管理手段無法替代的作用特徵，實現企業戰術管理和戰略管理的有機融合。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

The electro - magnetic telegraph was the wonderful and most unexpected consequence of the experiments of oersted and the mathematical investigations ofampe : and the modern art of navigation is an unforeseen emanation from the purely speculative and apparently merely curious enquiry, by the mathematicians of alexandria, into the properties of three curves formed by the intersection of a plane surface and a cone

電報是奧斯忒的實驗和安培的數學研究最出乎人預料而令人驚異的結果；現代航海技術則意外地產生於亞歷山大的數學家們對由一平面和一圓錐相交所形成的三條曲線的性質進行的純粹思辯性的、顯然僅僅是出於好奇的探索。

E. e. enochs put forword the concepts of injective ( projective or flat ) ( pre ) cover and ( pre ) envelope in the early 1980s ", a lot of articles have studied existence and uniqueness of such ( pre ) covers and ( pre ) envelopes, the property of their kernels or cokernels, and character many special rings. moreover, if such kind of ( pre ) covers or ( pre ) envelopes exist, we can construct a complete injective ( projective or flat ) resolvent ( called resolution when exact ) and a partial injective ( projective or flat ) resolvent, and if r is a ring, we can study the relationship of its left global dimension l. d ( r ) ( or its weak dimension w ( r ) ) and the properties of syzygies ( or cosyzygies ) of a resolvent ( or resolution ), and the relationship of its left global dimension l. d ( r ) ( or its weak dimension ) and the exactness of a resolvent ( or resolution )

自八十年代初e . e . enochs首次提出並研究內射（投射、平坦） （預）蓋及內射（投射、平坦） （預）包這些概念以來，大批論文研究此類包、蓋的存在性、唯一性問題以及它們的核、上核的性質，並據此刻畫了一些常見的特殊環；更進一步地，當此類包、蓋存在時，我們可構造相應的完全投射（平坦、內射）預解式（當正合時稱為完全分解式）以及單邊投射（平坦、內射）預解式，研究了環的左（右）總體維數、弱維數與此類分解式的合沖模（或上合沖模）的性質、復形正合性之間的關系。

Follow as joining the wto and developing of finance market, china ’ s financial institution will need to upgrade the ability of quantitatively measuring and managing the credit risk urgently. the author hopes that this paper ’ s research on the structural models of credit risk can give some consultation to chinese financial institution to defend and manage the credit risk. so this paper deeply reviews the method of modeling the structural model of credit risk, than does an empirical study in china based on the leland - toft models, it is a

因此，本文對信用風險結構模型的建模方法進行了深入的考察，並將leland - toft模型應用於我國的實證研究，進行了有益的探索，本文的研究成果和創新工作主要表現在以下三個方面:第一，本文比較全面系統的闡述了merton模型， longstaff - schwartz模型和leland - toft模型三個最具代表性的信用風險結構模型的構建思路，對這三個模型的區別和特點進行了深入的考察，並給出各模型計算預期違約率的數學公式和方法。

After generalizing the characteristic of modern equipment, the mission of equipment management and general situation of chinese equipment management, basied on two forms of equipment management - - - - - - practicality & value, the author combined quantitative & qualitative methods with example to analyze and discuss questions, especially the reasonable update & depreciation, accordingly achieving the optimization of the technical efficiency & economic benefit 0 one of emphases of the thesis is methods application of equipment reasonable update, that is starting with economic benefit to looking for reasonable using fixed number of year. the thesis used inferior - converted numeric method and rate equation which based on the theory square and combined with harbor loading machines & tugboat ' s actual facts, calculated the economic life of the same machine in order to make sure harbor machines " reasonable using fixed number of year. at the same time, the author made use of midpoint value regress method and stochastic trapeziform forecast method to calculate and analyze and gain the reasonable conclusion o the other emphases is questions of harbor equipment

本文概括介紹了現代設備的特點、設備管理的任務以及我國設備管理發展的概況后，作者從設備經濟管理的兩種形態? ?實物形態和價值形態出發，採取定量與定性相結合，以定量為主，結合實例進行分析與論述，對港口設備的合理更新與折舊問題進行了著重研究，從而實現設備的技術效能和經濟效益的最優化。本文研究的重點之一是設備合理更新的方法應用，即從經濟效益出發，來尋求設備的合理使用年限。本文結合港口裝卸機械和港作拖輪的實際，運用以正方形理論為基礎的低劣化數值法和費用方程兩種方法，計算了同一種機械設備的經濟壽命，從而確定港機合理的使用年限，同時，運用了中點值回歸法和隨機梯形預測法進行計算和分析，得到了合理的結論。

In high - performance aircraft the pilots are vulnerable to ci because of some of the aircrafts " characteristics, which include high sustained + gz ( hsg ) acceleration, high rate of onset and high angular acceleration etc. so it has all the while been attached much importance to the studies on the mechanism of ci and the preventing and overcoming method of ci by the researchers in aviation medicine field

目前以f - 16 、蘇- 27為代表的高性能戰斗機，其所具有的持續高加速度（ + gz ） 、高加速度增長率、高角加速度的特點更易導致飛行中科里奧利錯覺的發生，嚴重危害飛行安全。因此，對科里奧利錯覺的機理及預防與克服研究在航空醫學中一直受到人們的重視。

This subject was supported by the national defence project - - " the applications of soc in the new generation battleplan "

該課題來源於十五國防預研項目「 soc在新一代戰斗機的應用」 。

" project oxygen " led by professor victor zue strives to bring about revolutionary changes in the ways computers and humans interact through a vision of pervasive, human - centered computing

由舒維都教授領導的活氧計劃，耗資四千萬美元，預期進行5年，主要目的為研發新一代以人為本、具雙向溝通能力的人性化電腦。

According to the theory of product life cycle, do product management better, achieve " advance generation, development generation, prefabricate generation ". close market, to do market analyse and benefit analyse, respect product development scheme, strict product development program, utilize price to expand place. to perform large, strong, fine of dfmc transmission ltd. co. modern transmi ssion family, finally, achieve brand manage

根據產品生命周期規律，做好產品管理，做到「改進一代，開發一代，預研一代」 ，緊跟市場，做好市場分析和產品的收益分析，注重產品開發策略，嚴格產品開發程序，利用產品價格杠桿，廣開渠道，把變速箱產品做大、做強、做精，最終做到品牌化經營。

Hepatitis b vaccines progressed from blood vaccines to recombinant vaccines, then to peptide vaccines and dna vaccines, to their functions extended from prophylactic to therapeutic

從第一代血源性疫苗到重組乙肝疫苗，再到合成肽疫苗和dna疫苗，乙肝疫苗的研製技術不斷進步，其應用范圍也已從預防擴展到治療。

Robot - driven cars on roads by 2030 : scientist

新一代機器人汽車研發中預計將在2030年登陸

Part i expounds the significance of the education that every state in the present world countries attach to in the respective country, with the aim of illustrating that education is an important instrument that a country can depend upon to establish the right to education, to popularize the education for people of all walks of life and to implenment the policy of the state intervention in education

全文分為以下幾個部分：引言：介紹本課題的研究現狀，寫作目的和研究方法。第一部分著重說明以教育立法確立國家教育權，推行國家教育政策，實施國家對教育的干預，是近代以來西方國家推動和保障教育事業發展的主要手段。

Main content includes : first, improve the understanding of the necessity and urgency about the youth ' s ideological and political work ; second, set up a goal system of the youth ' s ideological and political work, gearing to actual circumstances ; third, study the youth ' s thought state scientifically to strengthen the predictability and perspective of the work ; fourth, explore and utilize the new carrier of the work energetically, especially to capture the position of internet voluntarily ; fifth, combine the era ' s requiring and the youth ' s reality closely, and promote the work pertinently ; sixth, strengthen organizational support of the work and combine the innovating of the communist youth league ' s constructing with the ameliorating of the youth ' s ideological and political work ; seventh, continue and deepen teenagers " mass activity of establishing spiritual civilization ; eighth, make great efforts to build a good atmosphere for the youth ' s ideological and political work, mobilizing the whole society, with a responsible attitude towards the young generation and the country ' s future, optimize the environment the youth growing up in

第三，就如何做好新時期青年思想政治工作提出了對策。主要內容包括：一是要切實提高對青年思想政治工作必要性、緊迫性的認識；二是切合實際地建立青年思想政治工作的目標體系；三是科學地研究青年思想狀況，加強青年思想政治工作的預見性和前瞻性；四是大力發掘和利用青年思想政治工作的新載體，特別是要主動占領網際網路這個陣地；五是緊密結合時代要求和青年實際，有針對性地開展工作；六是著力加強青年思想政治工作的組織依託，將團建創新與改進青年思想政治工作結合起來；七是繼續深化青少年群眾性精神文明創建活動；八是努力營造青年思想政治工作的良好氛圍，全社會動員起來，以對青年一代、對國家未來負責的態度，優化青年成長的環境。

The performance of the system has been investigated both in the laboratory ' s pool and on sea trials in real ocean environments at xiamen bay coast. the results have indicated that the new generation of underwater acoustic voice communication system has the capability to overcome the severe multipath interference and has longer working range

通過實驗室水池的實驗和廈門港淺海域的現場測試，證實了本研究實現的新一代水聲數字語音通信機確實有更遠的作用距離並且有抗強多途徑干擾的能力，達到預期的研究目標。

The multi - dimension scalability is composed of scale - scalability, performance - scalability, security - scalability, function - scalability, and service - scalability. we suggest five elements, namely, ipv6, authentic ipv6 addressing, scalable processing capacity of routers, end - to - end connectionless quality - of - service control, and 4over6 mechanism to realize the multi - dimension scalability. the current research results show that the multi - dimension scalable architecture composed of these five elements will bring great influence on next - generation internet

可以預想到諸多的科研成果如高速光纖通信高速無線通信網格計算生物計算等必將在十年內給網路技術帶來質的飛躍，引領著網際網路朝著下一代更大更快更有響應更方便更安全更可管理更有效的方向努力。

Based on the principles of scaling parallel computing and variational data assimilation, this dissertation systematically studies scaling parallel algorithms and parallel implementing technologies of adjoint models, and designs high performance scaling parallel computing adjoint models. the researches are aimed at the " military global numerical weather advanced prediction system " and the " national global and regional multiple scale advanced prediction system ", and the researches closely follow international parallel computing and numerical weather forecasting technology studies

本文針對「十五」期間「我軍新一代全球數值預報業務系統」 、國家氣象局組織的「新一代多尺度數值預報系統」 ，緊跟國際并行計算和數值氣象技術研究前沿，基於可擴展并行計算和伴隨變分同化原理，研究伴隨模式可擴展并行演算法和并行實現技術，設計高效可擴展并行計算伴隨模式。

To meet the practical requirements for distributed - memory parallel computing of numerical forecasting models, we study on the parallel characteristics of spectral element and finite difference methods. on this basis, we develop fast and parallel computations for three meteorologic models, including 2 - d shallow water equations, the new generation multi - scale weather forecasting model and the ocean general circulation model

本文從氣象預報數值模式分散式存儲并行計算的實際需要出發，著眼于譜元素方法和有限差分的并行計算性能，研究了二維半隱譜元素淺水波模式、中國科學院大氣物理研究所第三代海洋環流模式和中國新一代多尺度預報模式等三個氣象預報模式的高效并行計算，設計實現了相應的應用軟體。