類推原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lèituīyuánzé]
類推原則 英文
doctrine of analogy
  • 類 : Ⅰ名1 （許多相似或相同的事物的綜合; 種類） class; category; kind; type 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞...
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 類推 : analogize; reason by analogy; analogy
  1. The article explained the formation and development of the category study from philosophy and psychology, 4 points of view about perceptual classifying, classifying and clustering in methodology, connection between design solution and analogism

    論文從哲學和認知心理學的角度闡述了類別研究的形成與發展，以及關於人的知覺分類行為的四種觀點（規則觀、原型觀、樣例觀、理論觀） 、方法學上的分類與聚類、設計求解與類比推理的關系。
  2. Meantime, it, in the light of concerned foreign views and the brand new reseach achievement on domestic civil fraudulent contract in recent days, accompanied by utilization of some cases in contract laws, has been paid much attention to demonstrating and analying the contents of civil offense, such as, reasons, features, classifications, key components, validity, legal duties and character. this thesis is expected to be taken advantage in the fields of stud } ', prevention and related rules on civil fraudulent conducts by exploiting contracts as well as unifiable institution of civil laws. moreover, we hope to attract more scholars and legal experts who wound like to draw their concerns to the fraudulent conducts by using contracts and eventually develop our national socialism market economy in a sound way

    本文以新《合同法》確定的誠實信用原則為切入點，圍繞合同民事欺詐，參照國外相關觀點及國內當前有關民事欺詐研究的最新成果，結合有關合同法案例，就合同民事欺詐的存在原因、特點及分類，構成要件，效力和法律責任及性質等四個專題進行了深入闡述和分析，對利用合同進行民事欺詐的研究、預防、適用法律等以及統一民法典的制定均有一定的參考作用，同時也期望以此文引起學者及法律專家對民事欺詐的關注和重視，推進我國社會主義市場經濟的健康發展。
  3. In the research of explore the method of acquisition, this thesis is arranged as the follows : 1 、 this thesis first analyze the method that based rule matching and hypothesis testing as we known, discuss the reason for its wrong acquisition

    本文在探索分類獲取方法的研究過程中，主要從如下幾個方面展開: 1 、對已有的基於手寫規則推導，通過統計過濾獲取scf分類信息的方法進行了分析，探討其產生錯誤的原因。
  4. With the research on design and construction specifications of subgrade slope protection, the author in this paper, based on the success experiences of subgrade slope protection all over the country, and considers the advanced technology and experience of abroad, analyzes the slope distress types and causes, and studies systemically the applicability and structure character of these slope protection model, then recommends the typical slope protection model which can used in the most area of our country ; according to the analysis and researches on the types of slope protection, this paper states selection principle of slope protection ; to get the statistical relations between slope surface erosion volumes and related factors, grasp the law of slope surface erosion on the whole, the simulate test of slope surface erosion is done in laboratory ; the drawing library software of typical slope protection is programmed by application the skill of autocad 2000 redevelopment and the tool of vba

    本文結合《路基邊坡防護設計與施工技術規范》課題的研究，在分析總結全國各地邊坡防護設計、施工方面的成功經驗的基礎上，借鑒發達國家公路路基邊坡防護的先進經驗和技術，剖析了路基邊坡的病害類型和原因，對各種類型的適用性及構造范圍進行了系統全面地研究；推薦出了適合我國大部分地區的邊坡防護型式；提出了防護類型選擇的原則；進行了室內邊坡坡面沖刷模擬試驗，得出填方路基坡面沖刷量與有關因素的統計關系，從宏觀上了解坡面沖刷的主要規律；應用autocad2000二次開發技術，運用vba開發工具，開發了邊坡典型防護型式圖庫。
  5. Although got the advantages in variety, price and management, the smes still face the lots of obstacles and challenges of hard internal competition, limit of trade and financial system, the lack of support of service system, all the above questions result in the large social burden on smes. on the other hand, the smes have shortcomings in concept, technique, management and etc, thus lead to low labor productivity, lack of information and blindness in management. the smes needs to pay attention to the recognition and application of the market opportunities in order to push the development

    為了推動中小企業的不斷成長和發展，本文介紹了市場機會的含義類別和特徵，闡明了對市場機會的有效識別的意義，並且集中探討了中小企業要在一定的原則基礎上，積極利用自身能力收集市場信息，針對現存市場機會，應用供需缺口尋找法，市場細分尋找法，產品缺陷尋找法和借鑒競爭對手尋找法來識別;針對需要創造的市場機會，主要應用市場趨勢法、社會潮流法、科學技術法、營銷手段法來發掘更有利於企業發展的市場機會。
  6. And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

    根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。
  7. When that happens, it is not a mistake ： it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at

    這種反應沒什麼錯：這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應得到鼓勵，而不應遭到嘲弄。冒號前面的部分看似簡單，但翻譯時一定要注意"通順"或者說合乎漢語習慣的原則。
  8. On the basis of analyzing effect of prestressed tendon layout on internal force and thrust at springer, the principle of prestressed iendon layout for three - span prestressed concrete deck arch bridge is illustrated

    摘要在分析預應力布置位置對三跨上承式拱橋內力和拱腳推力影響的基礎上，闡明了該類橋型預應力筋的布置原則。
  9. The conformal microstrip antenna with some unique character has been applied in many fields, especialy on speedy objects. in this paper, an efficient fdtd algorithm is introduced to analyse the microstrip antenna. firstly, the fdtd formula in descartes coordinate system and in cylindrical coordinate system are obtained from the time _ dependent maxwell equations using the yee algorithm in a calculating region where the dielectric parameters are independent of time and space. the choice of the space discretization units and the time discretization interval are discussed which are decided by the accuracy and stability respectively. the shape and setup of the excitation source are discussed too. the excitation source is chosen to be gaussian pulse in shape. secondly, the mur ' s first - order and second - order boundary condition are deduced in cylindrical coordinate system. the methods of transforming radiation fields from near zone to far zone in the frequency domain and in the time domain are presented when fdtd is applied to analyse the characteristics of far zone. finally, three kinds of microstrip antennas are analysed. they are a slot antenna that lies on a plane ground of a microstrip, a slot antenna that lies on a cylindrical ground of a microstrip and a microstrip line _ fed aperture coupled stacked rectangular patch antenna in cylindrical coordinate system

    本文從麥克斯韋旋度方程出發，建立了笛卡兒坐標下無源空間中均勻無耗媒質的fdtd基本方程和圓柱坐標下無源空間中均勻無耗媒質的fdtd基本方程，詳細討論了fdtd法計算中時間步長和空間步長的選取原則以及激勵源的類型和設置；推導了mur一階和二階邊界條件在圓柱坐標下的差分格式；給出了在用fdtd法計算天線的遠場輻射特性時必需採用的頻域和時域近場遠場變換技術；最後用fdtd法計算了平面微帶縫隙天線、柱面共形微帶縫隙天線和柱面共形微帶層疊天線的輸入阻抗和遠區輻射場，並分析了天線的一些參數的變化對天線輸入阻抗的影響，得出了一些有用的結論。
  10. Different parts in the same seamless system perform different tasks, and the use of oo method becomes the key point in the system integration of netfeaf. by making full use of some strategies like " from top to down ", " divide and conquer " and " step by step ", with the help of oo method, netfeaf creates a new method to build the whole integrated system : using one class hierarchy map to fully stand for the structure of netfeaf, and different parts in netfeaf like cluster class library, fea class library, web fea class library and gravity wharf cad class library can also be further explained by their sub class hierarchies, then the complexity of building netfeaf has been decreased step by step, the whole building procedure becomes much easier, so oo method can really change complexity into simplicity

    Netfeaf系統依據自頂向下、分而治之以及層層推進的實現原則，採用了全新的系統構造思路，對系統的集成用整體類庫組成圖進行表述，對各組成部分通過子類庫再進一步詳細介紹，系統的整體實現被一層一層分解、細化，各組成部分基於統一的計算核心集成在同一個系統框架內，同時相互之間還保持一定的獨立性，獨成一體，正是因為深入利用了面向對象的分析與實現手段，整個復雜系統構成從概念上更有利於理解，集成更加緊湊，具體模塊的實現也更加迅速高效，面向對象方法的變復雜為簡單的策略藝術在系統的具體實現過程中得到了充分展示。
  11. The reasoning of structured model : how to transfer structured model into mathematical model that can be solved by an arithmetic system ; the determination of the most appropriate target case includes two steps : the first is wide retrieval, and the second is extract retrieval that is a method driven by adaptation rules. the case base maintenance : case storage and case knowledge maintenance. the last part of this paper is about the real information system, which introduces the analysis and design of the information system and uses a real case to describe how the system operates

    這些研究工作包括：事例和問題的知識表示：給出屬性集、結構集和目標集的事例表示方法；知識化模型的推理：結構化的模型如何轉化為求解系統可識別的屬性模型的過程；最相似事例的確定：兩步選擇過程，粗選過程按屬性相交度，精選按類比轉換的規則驅動的確定最相似事例的原則和方法；類比轉換的方法：確定在一定條件下的轉換方法；事例庫的維護：事例庫是可維護的，一方面隨著系統解決問題的增多，事例庫也會不斷擴大知識領域；另一方面，通過事例庫維護模塊，可以從用戶那裡得到新的建模知識。
  12. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  13. And the motor fault diagnosis system, it is established with different diagnosis methods. and the different tree - like knowledge bases are built with it. and the expert system is established, too

    電動機故障診斷子系統則根據電動機的診斷方法類型構築不同的樹狀層次知識庫，建立專家系統，利用現象推理進行故障的智能診斷，從而得到電動機故障的類型、原因與決策等。
  14. The thesis constructs the system of civil compensate for environmental damage resulting from gene pollution in some aspects, such as liability principal, constitutive requirements, compensation principle, compensation range, compensation mode and certification of causality. the thesis thinks that some rules from traditional environmental tort should apply to environmental tort resulting from gmos, including no - fault liability, inferred causality and the inversion of the burden of proof. the thesis indicates china should found the funds for prevention of gene risk and create the system of funds for prevention of gene risk in some aspects, such as the mission of funds, resource of funds and operation of funds

    最後，本文認為，與傳統污染相比，基因污染有隱蔽性、增殖性、不可清除性和後果的不確定性等特點;基於風險防範原則和污染者負擔原則，從責任主體、構成要件、賠償原則、賠償范圍、賠償的類型、因果關系的鑒定等方面創造性地構建了gmos導致的環境損害民事賠償制度，主張傳統環境侵權中的無過錯責任原則、因果關系的推定和舉證責任的倒置等也應適用於gmos導致的環境侵權;鑒于傳統民事侵權賠償救濟的種種局限，本文強烈主張構建gmos損害賠償社會化救濟機制，即成立基因風險防範基金，並從基金的用途或任務、基金的來源和基金的具體運作等方面開拓性地建構了基因風險防範基金制度的雛形，設計了基因風險防範基金的兩個配套制度，即基因稅制和gmos強制責任保險制度。
  15. In the qualitative, quantitative and directional way, successful factors, such as the superiority of marketing, the superiority of resource, the superiority of consumption, and the advantage of corporations supporting, etc, were described, and six important background factors, include of the increasing consumption, the competition from milk market, the challenge of joining into wto, the adjustment of industry structure, the winning against oneself, and accelerating development, were analyzed. new objects were put forward, that is, high quality, rationalizatio n of region distribution, having a core of brand, trade penetrating into various area, diversification of product exploitation, internationalization of preponderant product, and orientating function in market. development of tianjin milk industry should be based on materials and base, take resource integrating and market regulating as means, take trade infiltrating and product development as support, take specialization, industrialization, collectivization and internationalization as orientation, take the development of international milk corporation as mode, and take " creating name brand, entering the first - ten corporation of milk industry " as object

    本文在廣泛調查研究的基礎上，圍繞天津奶業發展，全面客觀地評價了天津奶業發展現狀，採用定性、定位、定量和定向的方法，描述了天津奶業作為城郊型奶業在競爭中形成的市場優勢、資源優勢、消費優勢、龍頭企業依託優勢、外資企業進入優勢、奶類項目援助優勢等眾多成功因素，分析了天津奶業未來保持產業領先地位必須認真對待的消費需求增長、乳業市場競爭、迎接入世挑戰、產業結構調整、克服自身劣勢、促進跨越發展的六大背景因素，提出了天津奶業新一輪發展瞄準優質生產無抗化、區域布局合理化、品牌整合核心化、行業滲透多角化、產品開發多樣化、高點對接國際化、市場避強導向化的目標定位和以原料、基地為基礎、以資源整合和市場調整為手段、以行業滲透和產品開發為支撐、以專業化、產業化、集團化、規模化、國際化的發展道路為方向，以國際乳品企業的發展為模式，以「創造一流品牌、跨入乳業十強」為目標的天津奶業發展思路，以及天津奶業二十一世紀前十年和前二十年兩大階段奶牛養殖的五大奮斗目標和區域布局原則，最後有針對性地提出飼養模式選擇、全流程安全生產、產業化龍頭培育、學生飲用奶推廣、政策扶持等促進天津奶業成長的對策措施。
  16. It developes two types and infinite types of borrowers in perfect information and imperfect information, and decides the designing rule of optimal contract and second - best contract

    本文分別探討了完全訊息與不完全訊息下，二種類型及無限多種類型借款者之情況，並推導出最佳契約及次佳契約的設計原則。
  17. Based on the comparison and analysis of the theories and practices of professional liability of both domestic and abroad, this thesis analyses the definition, characters and catalog of “ professional ”, the scope of “ third party ” and focuses on the doctrine of “ assumption of fault ”, the identification of “ negligence ” and “ the causation relation ” in a professional ’ s tort by negligence. this thesis also discusses how to reasonably limit the professional ’ s liability taking the high risk of the profession into account and proposes the professional liability insurance

    通過比較分析國內外的理論和實踐，本文論述了專家的概念、特徵和分類，第三人的范圍;並重點論述了「專家過失」侵權時適用的過錯推定原則，以及對專家「過失」 、 「因果關系」的具體認定;鑒于專家行業的高風險性，文章還對如何合理限制其責任進行了探討，主要論述了專家責任保險制度。
  18. Based on the analysis, the paper puts forward the fact that it is necessary to learn the successful experience of cooperative financial development in western countries in order to build sound cooperative finance with chinese characteristics. it is also necessary to follow market oriented, cooperative and classified guide to promote steady reform on country cooperative units

    在分析成因的基礎上，文章認為，辦好有中國特色的合作金融需要借鑒西方國家合作金融發展的成功經驗，必須遵循市場導向、合作制和分類指導、區別對待三項指導原則，穩步推進農村信用社的改革和發展。
  19. To add " the economic activities of hong kong are getting busier by the day and its population keeps growing, and " after " that, as " ; to add " generated " after " amount of waste " ; to add " and trades " after " development of environmental industries " ; to add " and trades " after " comprehensive policy on environmental industries " ; to add " and principles such as polluter - pays to reduce waste generation and increase incentive to recover waste and, at the same time, studying the feasibility of restricting the disposal of toxic waste in landfills, so as " after " producer responsibility scheme " ; to add " the source separation of domestic waste programme as well as " after " comprehensively implementing " ; to add " as well as separation " after " recovery stations " ; to delete " and " after " green procurement policy " and substitute with ", " ; to add " and strongly urging public and private organizations to develop green procurement guidelines " after " to comply with it " ; to add " and labelling " after " green certification " ; to add " as well as establishing a database " after " products and services " ; to add " expediting the tendering exercise for the remaining lots in phase i of the ecopark and expeditiously drawing up a timetable for the granting of lots in phase ii in order to develop high value - added environmental industries ; " after " ; to delete " and " after " related work ; " and substitute with " reviewing the existing legislation regulating environmental industries and trades and actively studying the feasibility of implementing a licensing regime for certain environmental industries and trades, in order to enable a healthy development of such enterprises and, at the same time, avoid causing unnecessary damage to the natural environment and nuisances to the residents in the vicinity ; and " ; to delete the original " and substitute with " ; to add " and trades " after " participate in those environmental industries " ; and to add " and trades " after " promoting the economic development of environmental industries "

    在"鑒于"之後加上"香港經濟活動日益頻繁和人口持續增加， "在"本港廢物"之後加上"產生"在"構成環保工業"之後加上"和行業"在"政府為環保工業"之後加上"和行業"在"生產者責任制"之後刪除" ，以" ，並以"和污染者自付等原則，以減少產生廢物和增強廢物回收意欲，同時研究限制將有毒廢物棄置在堆填區的可行性，從而"代替在"全面推行"之後加上"家居廢物源頭分類計劃和"在"廢物回收點"之後加上"分類"在"遵守， "之後加上"力促各公營和私營機構訂立環保采購指引， "在"環保認證"之後加上"和標簽"在"制度， "之後加上"以及建立資料庫， "在"六"之後加上"加快進行環保園第一期餘下土地的招標工作和盡快制訂第二期計劃的批地時間表，以發展高增值的環保工業"在"相關工作"之後刪除"及" ，並以"七檢討現行規管環保工業和行業的法例，積極研究對某些環保工業和行業實施發牌制度的可行性，令該等企業得以健康發展，同時避免對自然環境帶來不必要破壞和對附近居民造成滋擾及"代替刪除原有的"七" ，並以"八"代替在"具前景的環保工業"之後加上"和行業"及在"推動環保工業"之後加上"和行業" 。
  20. In the first part, the article introduces the basic concept and the fundamental of the loan risk classification, after the compare to the lately “ yiyuliangdai ” risk classification and the and the compare to the risk classification under international rules ( american model, oceania model, european model ), the article also discusses the real meaning of the 5 loan risks classification ' s implement

    本論文第一節介紹了貸款風險分類的基本概念及其原則，並通過縱向的與我國原有以期限為基礎的「一逾兩呆」貸款分類方法；橫向的與貸款風險分類的國際慣例（美國模式、大洋洲模式、歐洲模式）進行比較，論述了推行五級貸款風險分類法的現實意義。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書