高次象差 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gāocìxiàngchā]
高次象差
英文
higher aberration-
This thesis brings forward that it is necessary to develop image - building by planning and design of small towns mainly for tourism from the height of region aiming at some phenomena of desultorily constructions, monotone and simple view, buildings with no design and culture happened and happening in some of this type of towns. the author analyses the system, structure, elements of these small towns through the theory of city identity system and " the image of city " with five elements. on the basis of it, the author studies the structure of sights and the embodiment of characteristic sights and advances the emphases of image - building by planning and design at three different aspects : the region or aero as a whole, the town as a whole and the part of the town
論文針對當前重慶市許多旅遊型小城鎮形象建設雜亂無章，城鎮建設面貌單調乏味，建築缺乏設計和文化內涵，城鎮旅遊接待環境條件差，提出有必要站在區域的高度，對這類小城鎮進行形象規劃和設計，運用城市識別系統cis （ cityidentitysystem ）和「城市意象」五要素的原理來分析小城鎮系統結構和要素，以便能夠清楚地認識研究對象，在此基礎上分析旅遊型小城鎮的景觀構成及特色體現，提出了旅遊型小城鎮形象在宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層次上規劃設計的重點，並從理論上分析從實踐中總結出旅遊型小城鎮形象規劃設計的一般原則、方法表達方式及手段等，最後本文運用前面的理論和方法分析了重慶市的兩個典型的旅遊型小城鎮，並進一步得出結論，即旅遊型小城鎮形象建設是一個系統工程，要從規劃和設計兩個角度，結合旅遊的優勢，結合地方，結合自然，既有整體又有重點地對旅遊型小城鎮形象進行塑造，使得旅遊與小城鎮的建設和發展互相融合，協調發展，相得益彰。In addition, the paper designs a bottom database model, selects a multi - aim strategy combining files with known data, and establishes dual interaction data model that has explicit conceptual structure and directly aims to geographic objects, and provides backing up enquiry language ( g - sql ). simultaneously, after analyzing and studying methods available for the under pipelines, the paper constructs survey adjustment calculation model, and according to the model, checks the survey of under pipelines. the results indicate that the model is suitable to actual requirement because it greatly increase calculation speed, meeting calculation accuracy requirement
在此基礎上，對系統的底層數據模型進行設計，選擇了文件與成熟數據庫相結合的混合策略，併兼顧面向對象的數據庫（ oodb ）和可擴充數據庫（ edb ）的特點，建立了一個概念層次清晰、面向地理對象實體的雙層語義數據模型以及支持模型的查詢語言g - sql ，同時對地下管線的各種測試方法進行分析研究，建立了地下管線測量平差計算模型，並以此對所勘測的地下管線進行核算，計算結果表明，計算模型不僅大大提高了核算的速度，同時在計算精度上也符合核算的要求，是符合實際要求的關于測量平差計算的模型。And the other of the teaching and study is as, teaching theme setup, directional self - study, detailed direction, level practice, correction and improvement. its stratagem and operation form is : make various education background into one group to study together ; set different aims to reach the targets gradually ; give lessons with different levels to develop the students " capacity
分層遞進教學是根據學生學習可能達到的水平和客觀差異性，把教學對象、課堂教學目標和教學活動的層次化，其教學模式：導入課題、定向自學、交流導學、分層練習和矯正提高。其策略和操作形式是：異質建組、合作學習；目標分層制定，分步達標；分層施教，自主發展。Result and conclusion : there are obvious differences in sprouting, lamina spreading, bolting and " sprout tumble ", three times of " sprouting " and so - called " sprout tumble " and two fast - growing periods for plants in most of the populations in spring and autumn respectively were observed within a year, including mass bolting in may
結果與結論：半夏各居群在出苗、展葉、抽薹及倒苗期等生長節律方面存在著差異：大部分半夏居群在本試驗栽培條件下具明顯的3次出苗和3次倒苗現象，並且在年生長期內表現出春秋兩個生長高峰期;從抽薹開花時間看，大部分居群在5月有1個抽薹開花高峰期，但具體起始和延續時間各居群間存在著較大的差異。The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either
在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。The study on the development model of agricultural science and technology park : make a comprehensive survey of the agricultural science and technology park development, statistical data on the agricultural science and technology park in the year of 2002 was applied to do macro analysis, with the result of development problems and propose the settlement. this study is conducted based on typical case study and theoretical analysis from the aspects of growing background, overall effect, operating model and the driving force in four national agricultural science and technology parks : shandong vegetables demonstrating park, henan xuchang national park, gansu dingxi park and beijing shunyi three - hi agricultural pilot model area. then analyse and sum up the general laws and different points. the creative research of this paper lines in raising the new theory of sci - tech agricultural industry organization for the first time, build up the theory analysis framework for agricultural science and technology park ; according to the theory analysis framework, sum up the development general model from choosing the national agricultural park in typical region ; build up th
運用典型案例剖析與理論分析總結相結合的方法，分區域按照發展成效在全國范圍內選取山東壽光蔬菜高科技示範園、河南許昌農業科技園區、甘肅定西旱作生態型農業科技園區和北京順義三高農業示範區，從園區的成長背景、建設發展的總體成效、運作模式和園區發展的動力等幾個方面對農業科技園區的發展進行了深入研究，並對園區發展模式的共性規律和差異之處進行了分析歸納；本文創造性的研究在於：首次提出了科技農業產業組織理論，構建了農業科技園區理論分析框架；根據這一理論分析框架，通過選取典型區域的國家農業科技園區進行實證研究，總結歸納了園區發展模式共同特徵並進行了差異分析；首次提出了適用於不同評價對象和評價意圖的三套國家農業科技園區評價指標體系，並創造性運用多元統計分析方法和系統分析方法對國家農業科技園區進行綜合評價。The next this text is based on the appearance theories, according to the characteristics that the temperature dispersion of super thick mass concrete planceer of high - rise building primarily is an even difference in temperature and an even constringency, suppose the level shears are line with the displacement, adopting a big physical volume concrete of planceer in flexibility foundation for plank computing model, from theoretically deducing the difference in temperature of mass concrete contracting should basic formula of dint, and analysis the crack rule and the influence factor of mass concrete temperature contract, and bringing up the theory calculation method about temperature stress of mass concrete and the biggest whole method that sprinkle the length, at the same time according to basic formula of the temperature stress of mass concrete and the concrete construction experience, bringing five technique measures to prevent the temperature crack of mass concrete
其次本文以唯象理論為基礎，根據高層建築超厚底板大體積混凝土承受的溫差主要是均勻溫差和均勻收縮的特點，闡述了大體積混凝土溫度應力理論計算的簡化方法和最大整澆長度的計算方法，同時根據大體積混凝土溫度收縮應力基本公式和大體積混凝土結構施工經驗，提出了防止大體積混凝土溫度裂縫的五項技術措施。最後本文以廈門郵電大廈3 . 5m超厚底板施工為實例，從大體積混凝土溫度應力計算、混凝土保溫材料厚度計算、混凝土配合比的確定，鋼筋工程、模板工程、混凝土的泵送和澆築以及大體積混凝土內部溫度的監測和後期養護等方面進行了理論應用。Under the pattern of cyber - education, open laboratories are becoming inseparable parts which still are weak in the process of teaching. as for electric experiment category, there are many problems in common, for instance, less safe in equipment systems, less functional in instrument protection, thus forcing students to spend large quantity of time reviewing, recording, and analyzing data, while students do experiment only with less time, which have negative effect on purpose of experiment, at the same time, this does not reflect benefits that internet brings us
然而當前大多數高校的實驗教學環節還比較薄弱，其中對電類實驗來說存在諸多共性問題，比如：實驗系統安全性差，儀表保護功能少，導致實驗器材損壞嚴重：儀表性能不穩定，零漂、溫漂現象嚴重，元器件線性度校正不夠，儀表測量精度差；學生做一次實驗要花大量時間記錄數據、整理數據、寫實驗報告，真正用在做實驗上的時間並不多，從而使實驗效率大大下降；同時也沒有充分利用校園網所帶來的便利和信息共享及互動的功能。From theoretical analysis, we know the existing demodulation methods have limitations as following : one is that the subtraction of the two signals frequencies will display as the result of demodulation when we demodulate two time - domain adding signals without modulating information ( fault information ) ; the other one is that aliasing phenomenon will occur as a result of getting absolute value, detection or square in the process of generalized demodulation analysis, such phenomenon will result in some superfluous frequency composition on the frequency spectrum, which will puzzle the detec tion of mechanical vibration. if the sampling frequency is selected from a suitable range, the aliasing phenomenon will be avoided ; the last one is that aliasing frequencies will be produced in zoom demodulation analysis because this algorithm cannot employ digital low - pass filtering to avert the folding frequencies of higher harmonics in the process of zoom sub - sampling
現有的解調分析方法存在以下三種局限性：將不包括調制信息（故障信息）的兩時域相加信號，也以其頻率之差作為解調信號而解出；廣義檢波濾波解調分析中，由於取絕對值、檢波或平方過程可能產生混頻效應，在解調譜中表現為無法分析的頻率成分，並由此推導出避免這種混頻現象的采樣頻率的選取范圍，從根本上避免此類誤診斷的產生；幾種細化解調分析新演算法中，因為無法在細化分析的選抽時進行數字低通濾波，有可能會出現調制頻率的高次諧波成分發生頻率混疊而反折到低頻部分的現象。Iterative learning control is an important branch of intelligent control. the basic method of traditional ilc is to achieve control input based on the previous input and the pid - revised error of previous output. after some iteration, perfect tracking can be achieved over a fixed time interval
迭代學習控制理論是智能控制的一個重要分支，傳統迭代學習的基本方法是，基於上次迭代時的輸入信息和輸出誤差的pid校正項，獲得本次迭代的控制輸入，經過若干次迭代，以期達到在給定的時間區間上實現被控對象以較高精度跟蹤一給定目標軌線。Several influence factors to result plasma drift in hainan were analyzed. in this paper the characteristics of ionospheric parameters variation were analyzed systematically and some new results in storm - time such as seasonal behaviors were obtained ; it is the first time to investigate the ionospheric drift behavior in hainan and some new results was obtained, the relationships between each two plasma drift velocity components in storm time in hainan were found and the electric filed variation in hainan ionosphere also was obtained ; the results also show that there are big differences of the ionosphere parameters bo and bl obtained from the data with that obtained from the iri - 2001 applied for hainan ; a new phenomena was found during a strong magnetic storm, that a layer with very strong electron density and density grad was found during the recovery phase of the storm, its horizontal scale is beyond 100km and temporal scale is about 2 hours, this phenomena repeated 3 times continuously. a type of negative disturbance in high and low latitude but positive disturbance in east - asia also has been found
本文較為系統地給出了海南地區電離層的參數變化特徵，特別是得到了一些暴時與以往不同的季節特性；第一次給出了海南地區的電離層等離子體漂移特徵，發現等離子體漂移暴時擾動在三個方向上有內在的聯系，得到了電場變化曲線；研究結果還表明海南電離層的半厚指數和形狀參數等與國際參考電離層iri - 2001存在很大差別；通過對強磁擾動事件期間的參數變化特性分析發現，在磁暴恢復相期間海南地區電離層底部存在一個電子密度非常大的高密度區，高密度區底部電子密度梯度隨高度急劇增加，該區域的水平尺度可達100公里以上時間尺度約為2小時，連續出現過三次，這是一個在海南從來未發現的新現象；研究還發現了暴時東亞地區電離層擾動會出現高低緯負相而中緯正相的現象。In chapter one, we propose a new mixed method called characteristics mixed finite element method for a convection - dominated diffusion problems with small parameter e : we handle the convection part whth backward difference scheme along the characteristics, obtain much smaller time - trunction errors and avoid numerical dispersion on the front of the peak curve of the flow : we use a lowest order mixed finite element method to deal with the diffusion part, so this scheme can approximate the unknow function and its following vector with high accuracy at the same time
第一章中我們對小參數對流占優擴散問題提出了新的數值方法? ?特徵混合有限元方法，即對方程的對流部分採用沿特徵線的後退差分格式求解，以保證較小的截斷誤差限並避免了在流動的鋒線前沿數值彌散現象的出現；對流動的擴散部分採用最低次混合元方法求解，以保證格式對未知函數及伴隨向量的同時高精度逼近。由於該方法中檢驗函數可取分片常數，此格式在某種意義上具有局部守恆性質。First, educating the students " sense of language to improve their comprehension to language literalness, develop their cognitive ability, and combine the abstract thought with the visual thought, thereby to educate their thinking ability. second, according to the actual circumstance of the vocational senior high school students, to practice training of level of thinking from low to high : to learn - to think, to ask - to judge, and availably educate the thought ability of students, and expand the thought profundity ; third, reverse the deviation that appears in students " study motivation and interest. in the actual teaching work, stress the practicability and pertinency of teaching, and the visualize and gusto, regular their study motivation, stir up the interest of their study, then attain to develop the purpose of the thought
首先，要培養學生的語感能力，以提高職高學生對語言文字的理解能力，發展他們的認知能力，使抽象思維與形象思維結合起來，從而培養發展學生的思維力；其次，根據職高學生的實際情況，有步驟地實行由低到高的思維層次訓練：學-思、問-辨，這樣可以有效地培養學生的思維能力，開拓思維深度；再次，盡力扭轉學生學習動機、學習興趣出現的偏差，在實際教學工作中，講求實用性與針對性，講求教學的形象性與趣味性，端正職高學生的學習動機，激發他們的學習興趣，以達到發展思維的目的。In this part, the new situation party school faces, such as the changes of the construction environment, the new requirements, and changes of the targets educated, is analyzed ; the new problems are noted. the problems can be demonstrated in the six aspects : the ideological understanding is not enough ; the reform in general is not complete ; the management system is not sound ; students " motive of joining the party is deviant ; the devotion of the teachers is not enough ; the theoretical study is relatively backward
該部分首先分析了新世紀新階段高校黨校建設所面臨的新情況，即高校黨校建設的環境出現新的變化、高校黨校工作面臨新的要求、高校黨校的教育對象出現新的變化;其次指出了當前高校黨校建設面臨的新問題，主要表現在六個方面，即思想認識不夠到位、總體改革力度不大、管理體制不夠健全、學生入黨動機出現偏差、教師精力投入不夠、理論研究相對滯后。The structure and character of deformable mirror were analyzed, and the conflict between the deformation band and the pitch of deformable cells was pointed out. the " two - time compensation " wave - front correct mode was introduced to settle that conflict. the method for allocating wave - front aberration and designing static corrector was found, and the " two - time compensation " wave - front correct mode was validated by simulation
分析了變形鏡的結構特點，初步給出了變形鏡本身驅動單元數與校正量之間的制約關系；引入「二次補償」波前校正方案，解決了變形鏡校正量有限與高功率固體激光系統波前誤差起伏量大的矛盾，建立了波前校正對象優化分配、靜態校正器優化設計等細節過程所需要的方法，通過模擬模擬驗證了「二次補償」波前校正方案對于降低變形鏡校正量要求和放寬光學元件加工精度的作用； 5This method assumes that each inteferogram has an identical phase shift that can be found out by least - suqares fitting. this algorithm determines any errors of phase shifts deviating from their i ntended values and also suppresses the errors by substituting actual values in subsequent computation. the algorithm can solve the problem of random phase - shifting very accurately, but the algorithm needs a great of iteration number and considerable calculation
In - bokkong等人從同一干涉圖中諸象素相移量相等這一認識出發，提出求解各干涉圖的相移量的方法， in - bokkong的演算法是通過交替求解相位分佈和相移量來進行的一種迭代演算法，這種方法可以解決隨機相移誤差問題，且有很高的精度，但迭代次數較多，計算量較大。分享友人