高程點 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gāochéngdiǎn]
高程點
英文
altimetric point-
Z coordinate and direction angle of the instrument can be calculated and reset by measuring z coordinate of known points ( max. 10 points ) displayed
通過觀測已知點的高程（最多10個點）來計算並重新設置測站點的高程與方位角。In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )
主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。The research fruits in this article can provide the temperature isoline map of crown cantilever section and central longitudinal section of the dam, the stress isoline map of crown cantilever section and upstream and downstream surfaces of the dam, the maximal and minimal stress distribution map in dam abutment along with the height of dam, the maximal and minimal stress table of typical nodes and the maximal and minimal stress table in different elevations, and also provide reference basis for taking relative temperature control measures in the design and construction of rcc arch dam
本文研究成果可給出壩體的拱冠梁剖面和壩體中心縱剖面的溫度等值線圖、拱冠梁剖面和壩體上下游面應力等值線圖、壩肩最大最小應力沿壩高的分佈曲線、不同高程處典型點的最大最小應力值表以及不同高程處最大最小應力值表等成果，為碾壓混凝土拱壩的設計和施工中採取相應的溫控措施提供了參考依據。A lot of data of elevation in different places of the shallow water of n antong were obtained by fish - exploring machine and gps determining and tide cor recting. an image which reflects landforms of nantong was obtained by selecting f rom the many noaa images on different channels and in different phases. based on the image, grey scales corresponding to different places were obtained. by using c la ssifying liner regression technique, liner regression equations were established between the elevation and grey scale, and the threshold values of grey scales of the different elevations were determined. according to the threshold values, the a reas of the tidal zone above different elevations of the shallow water of nanton g were estimated
通過利用gps及漁探器實測，並進行潮位訂正，獲得南通淺海海域大量測點的高程資料；通過對多時相各通道noaa衛星照片進行篩選，挑選能反映淺海地貌的通道資料，從中讀取各測點相對應的灰度值，在此基礎上利用分級線性回歸，建立不同高程范圍內的高程、灰度線性回歸方程，確定不同高程的灰度閾值，從而測量出南通市淺海海域不同高程以上的潮間帶面積、分佈。Contents in the article include : u the location theory and method which using the r - d model and earth model without the ground control points ( gcp ) and digital elevation models ( dem ) ; 2
在沒有地面控制點（ groundcontrolpoint簡稱gcp ） 、沒有數字高程模型（ digitalelevationmodels簡稱dem ）的情況下利用r - d模型和地球模型進行定位的理論與方法。Secondly, through systematic analysis of the grade - scale structure, functional structure and spatial structure of the urban and towns in tianshui city, the conclusion is drawn in the paper that the problems of urban and towns system is as follows : unreasonable structure, smaller scale and relatively less in number of urban and towns. then it offers the convinc ing proof of establishing a new urban and towns system. thirdly, based on the analysis above, the paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to enhance the development of the urban and towns system, including strengthening the function of tianshui city as a central city, reasonably developing small cities such as qin ' an county, gangu county and wushan county, enhancing the constructed level of critical villages and towns, developing ordinary villages and towns and harmony their development in the whole
本文在對天水城鎮體系范圍確定的基礎上，以多種區域及城市發展理論為指導，首先對天水城鎮體系的歷史形成過程、區域基礎和經濟發展現狀進行了全面總結；其次，系統分析了天水城鎮體系的等級規模結構，職能結構和空間結構，得出天水城鎮體系目前存在的問題是：結構不合理，城鎮規模小，數量少，從而為天水城鎮體系的構建提供依據；再次，根據前文分析結果，提出了天水城鎮體系發展的對策：強化中心城市天水市的功能，合理發展縣級小城市，如秦安縣、甘谷縣、武山縣等；大力提高重點鄉鎮的建設水平，積極發展一般鄉鎮，並促使各級城鎮協調發展；最後本文提出了為落實天水城鎮體系發展的保障措施。Then the periodic properties of geocenter motion in the x, y, z components are summarized. considering the statistical precision of the gps observations, the geometrical distribution of gps stations and their physical stablility, a new method to determine the parameters of geocenter motion is studied and analyzed. in order to have a better understanding of its effect on the height datum origin, the rule of geocenter motion in the horizontal and vertical components are also analyzed and some useful conclusions are drawn
提出了將譜分析與抗差估計相結合的抗差譜分析方法，並用該方法分析了地心運動時間序列的主要周期特性；為合理地確定地心運動參數，詳細研究與分析了一種新的定權方法對求解地心運動參數的作用，該方法充分利用了gps觀測量的統計精度、點位的幾何分佈以及物理穩定性；為了明確地心運動導致的高程基準的變化，分析了地心運動對地面點的水平分量和垂直分量的影響規律。Because of the complexity of calculation result data, and in order to simplify the analysis of results, this paper only provides annual temperature isoline map of february, may, august and november during construction, temperature isoline map of the first, fifth, tenth, twentieth and thirtieth year during operation, duration curve of temperature and stress of typical point at different elevation, the maximal stress distribution along dam height, point at different elevation, the maximal stress distribution along dam height, and the maximal and minimal temperature and the maximal tensive stress and its position of every month
因計算結果數據量非常大，為便於成果分析，本文僅給出施工期每年2 、 5 、 8 、 11月份和運行期第1 、 5 、 10 、 20 、 30年的溫度等值線圖，壩體不同高程典型點溫度和應力歷時曲線圖，最大應力沿壩高分布圖，逐月最高、最低溫度和最大拉應力值及相應的位置等。According to the principles of " positive and steady, scientific programming and rational layout ", the cpc municipal committee and municipal government have programmed the city from a high starting point, constructed the city according to a high standard, administered the city at a high level, managed the city with a high efficiency, made the city green with a high quality made a total investment of nearly 2billion yuan, completed a large group of infrastructures and greening and beautifying projects in succession, made the size of constructed downtown area increased from less than 6square kilometers to 132squme kilometers, completed greenbelts with an area of 316hectares, made green percentage of coverage up t032 %, per capita public greenbelt area up to 10. 72 square meters, initially formed a garden - style ecologieal city with " trees shadowing the street, soft green grass carpeting the ground, greening all the year round, blossoming out in 3seasons ", gained honors and titles of " state - level excellent city in urban environment comprehensive renovation ", " provincial - level landscape garden city ", " award of residential environment of henan "
市委、市政府按照"積極穩妥、科學規劃、合理布局"的原則，高起點規劃城市，高標準建設城市，高水平管理城市，高效益經營城市，高品位綠化城市，共計投資近20億元，相繼完成了一大批基礎設施和綠化美化工程，建成區面積由原來的不足6平方千米，擴大到132平方千米，市區擁有綠地316 :公頃，綠化覆蓋率達32 % ，人均公共綠地面積10 . 72平方米，一個"綠樹成蔭、芳草遍地、翠點四時、花開三季"的園林化生態城市已具雛形，榮獲"全國城市環境綜合整治優秀城市" 、 "省級園林城市" 、 "河南人居環境獎"等榮譽稱號。The construction goal of beijing biological project and medicine industry base : focusing on the construction of industry infrastructures and technology innovation, taking the “ four high ” - “ high starting plan and fixing position, high standard design and construction, high level plan and operation, high efficiency management and service ” as the guiding principles, we will construct this base into the internationally first - grade modern biological project and medicine industry base integrating research and development, enterprise incubation, production and manufacture
北京生物與醫藥產業基地的建設目標為：以產業配套和技術創新能力建設為核心，以「高起點規劃與定位，高標準設計與建設，高水平謀劃與運作，高效率管理與服務」的「四高」要求為總體原則，將園區建設成為集研究開發、企業孵化、生產製造功能為一體的、國際一流的現代化生物工程與醫藥產業基地。This paper introduces the signif9cance of geoid refining and three methods for refining geoid, and by using the abnormal height of gps / leveling point, sets up several mathematic models of local geoid and makes the experiments and precision analysis
介紹了大地水準面精化的意義和精化大地水準面的3種方法，用gps /水準重合點的高程異常，建立了區域大地水準面的幾種數學模型並做了實驗和精度分析。We obtained the uniform data distribution from discrete data points by inserting spatial dots and then set up digital elevation model ( dem ) of correlative area through constructing mutual linked triangle net. the isoline graph was implemented based on this model. during the processes, we combined the technology of stratification computing when inserting special dots in fault area with the technology of stratification triangle net in fault area for dealing with thrust data
然後介紹了在本研究中構造逆斷層地質等值線的基本思路：從離散數據點結構出發，採用空間數據內插方法進行數據的均勻化，通過三角剖分構造出相互連接的三角形網路結構來建立起相關區域內的數字高程模型，利用該模型構造出相應的地質等值線圖，其中使用擴展點與斷層區的關系屬性進行斷層區分層空間插值計算處理和斷層區域的分層三角形網格化處理相結合的技術，實現逆斷層數據的處理和等值線繪制。( 2 ) by altitude - area analysis, comprehensive study on river captures, c - 14 dating, loess indexes a analysis and method of environmental archaeology, the quaternary geomorphologic evolution in csmasp is researched thoroughly
二、通過高程?面積分析、河流襲奪綜合分析、黃土階地的碳- 14測年與沉積指標分析及環境考古方法，本文重點研究了魯中南山地第四紀地貌發育的格局與過程。When the heights of the junction points have been determined, the residuals in the observation equations must be distributed along the lines.
結點高程決定以後，觀測方程的剩差，必須均勻分配到沿線各點。A series of problems caused by the increasing riverbed elevation at tongguan have been concerned by many departments along the upstream and downstream of the sanmenxia dam since its construction in 1960
三門峽水庫建成以來，潼關高程問題就一直是上下游各方關注的焦點問題，也是一個難點問題。Recently, these problems are again concerned because of the planning of the weihe river basin comprehensive regulation and the catastrophe caused by the small flood on the weihe river in 2003
2003年渭河的小水大災以及近期渭河流域綜合治理規劃的制定，又一次使潼關高程問題成為各方研究的熱點。Evidence system is one of the most important questions in the civil proceedings and standard of proof is an important question in the evidence system. the civil procedure law applies the standard of " highly probable " in civil litigations. this article points out that it is not reasonable to adopt the " highly probable " standard in all civil litigations. firstly, this article mentions the important meaning of standard of proof in judicial proof. secondly, it pionts out the flaws in the standard of proof in civil litigation in our country. thirdly, it introduces the standard of proof in civil litigation in common law and civil law countries and analyzes the similar and different points in the standard of proof. finally this article points out several suggestions to rebuild the system of standard of proof. lt suggests we should construct a system which considers the " highly probable " standard as a principle and adopts other forms of standard of proof in sepcial civil cases. and we can build this reasonable system by means of legislation and case law
但在所有民事案件中均劃一適用較高程度的蓋然性作為證明標準是不合理的。文章首先闡明了民事訴訟證明標準在訴訟證明中的重要意義，然後對於我國有關民事訴訟證明標準的現狀及其缺陷作了一個概括，接著文章對于兩大法系民事訴訟證明標準的異同進行了介紹以及比較分析，最後提出了對于構建一個科學的民事訴訟證明標準體系的幾點建議。文章建議應當通過立法以及判例制度來建立一個以較高程度的蓋然性為原則的多元的證明標準體系。Based on analysis of the inherent relationship between the changes of erosion and deposit in tongguan reaches and in lower reaches of weihe river, the author pointed out that the changes of erosion and deposit downstream of weihe river is in good agreement with the changes of erosion and deposit at tongguan reaches
摘要三門峽水庫控制運用以來，潼關高程持續抬升，渭河下游仍在淤積發展，究竟是潼關高程抬升引起渭河下游淤積發展，還是渭河下游淤積發展造成潼關高程的緩慢上升，一直是三門峽問題的焦點。For mapping purposes all scattered heights fixed by instrument may be grouped under this heading.
為了測圖的需要，所有由儀器測定的散列高程點，均可列入高程點這一名稱。In this process, large volume of spatial data such as spot - heights, contour lines and building footprints were transformed into the appropriate formats for the compilation of the model
在這過程里，大量的空間數據包括高程點、等高線和建築物的覆蓋范圍須轉化成合適的格式，供製作模型之用。分享友人