It reflects its development and evolution from practicalities and specialists founded by pendleton act of 1883, the generalities increased in 1950 ' s, the reforming examination methods in order to be beneficial to minorities in late of 20th century, the heavy burden of examination on federal personnel management office in early of new century
從1883年《
彭德爾頓法》頒布時所確立的「實用性」原則與「專才」結構、 20世紀中期從理論上到實踐中所增加的「通才」考試內容、 20世紀後期取消對以
黑人為主的少數種族在考試方式方法上的歧視以及新舊世紀之交加強文官主管機構(聯邦人事管理總署)對考試的責任,進一步反映出美國文官考試制度的發展與演變。
In fact, both the eurocentric approach with the personage of hegel and weber, and the china - centered approach representative of frank and pomeranz jointly indicate that the basic stand of the european view on china never disengage from the standard of their own
不論是以黑格爾、韋伯等人為代表的「歐洲中心論」 ,還是以弗蘭克、彭慕蘭等人為代表的「中國中心取向」 ,歐洲人認識中國的基本立場其實從未脫離歐洲本位。