backscatter 中文意思是什麼

The ionosphere is a complex medium, which is aeolotropy, asymmetry, dispersive and changes randomly with time. in order to improve the communication quality of the shortwave that depends on the ionosphere, we should have aknowledge of the current condition of the ionosphere in real time. the backscatter sounding of high frequency can diagnose the real - time channel characters for shortwave communication or hf radar, which is great assistant to shortwave communication and hf radar

電離層是隨機時變，各向異性，非均勻、色散的復雜介質。為了保證依賴于電離層進行的短波通信質量，必須了解電離層的實時狀態信息。高頻返回散射探測可以實時監測與短波通信或高頻天波雷達相關的天波傳播通道的狀態，對短波通信和天波雷達工作起了重要的輔助作用。

Hall, c. 1988 : fist observations of summer polar mesospheric backscatter with a 224 mhz radar, geophys. res. lett., 15, 18 - 31

採用224兆赫雷達首次測得的夏季極地中間層大氣的後向散射。 「地球物理研究通訊」 ，第15卷28 - 31頁。

Backscatter ultraviolet radiometer

後向散射紫外線輻射儀

On the basis of algorithm analysis, from aspects of detecting principle, detecting steps and computer emulation, the authors expatiate how to use wavelet transform to detect backscatter signals ' time difference and find the fantastic point of backscatter signal ( the time point when backscatter signal reaches ), finally to find the location of the object being detected

在演算法分析基礎上，從檢則原理、檢測步驟、計算機模擬方面闡述如何利用小波變換檢測回波信號時差，以確定回波信號的奇異點（回波信號到達時間點） ，進而確定被探測目標的位置。

Main conclusions drawn from the analyses of calculating results are as follows : ( 1 ) the microwave absorption of atmosphere gas have obvious attenuation at the wavelengths for cloud detection, thereinto, the water attenuation effect changes greatly, so the 94ghz cloud detecting radar should have water vapor attenuation correction scheme. ( 2 ) when 37ghz and 94ghz radars detect clouds, the difference between the atmosphere and cloud attenuation and the large variety of radar reflectivity conduce the intension of the radar backscatter signals change. ( 3 ) for the thin cloud layer and low water content of cloud, 37 - ghz radar backscatter signals are not as good as 94 - ghz radar, that is to say that the 94ghz radar has better capability in thin clouds detection

本工作得出如下結論： （ 1 ）大氣氣體的微波吸收在測雲波段產生明顯的衰減，其中水汽衰減效應變化很大；即將上天的空間94ghz測雲雷達必須有水汽衰減訂正方案； （ 2 ） 37ghz和94ghz雷達測雲，由於大氣和雲衰減不同和雷達反射率的很大差異，導致雷達回波信號強弱不同； （ 3 ）對雲層較薄、含水量較少的雲，在不計雷達參數的情況下， 37ghz雷達回波信號不如94ghz測雲雷達，也就是說94ghz對薄雲有更強的探測能力；對雲層較厚、含水量大的雲，由於強衰減的作用， 94ghz雷達回波信號小於37ghz雷達； （ 4 ）從大氣衰減的不利因素方面考慮，空間94ghz雷達測高層薄雲的效果最好；測低層薄雲時需要考慮氣體衰減訂正；因濃厚雲的強衰減作用，探測其中下部的能力大大減弱，不僅要進行衰減訂正，而且要藉助其他信息來反演整個雲層的含水量垂直分佈； （ 5 ）為了獲得從極薄到極濃厚雲的垂直分佈探測能力，未來測雲雷達系統最好採用雙波長甚至三波長（如94 、 37和13ghz ） 。

Then according to the radar equation, on the base of the platform of ray tracing, builds a simulation platform of backscatter ionogram

然後根據雷達方程計算返回散射能量，在射線軌跡平臺的基礎上，建立了返回散射電離圖模擬平臺。

Based on the qps ionosphere model, the gradients model 、 quasi - cosine disturbed model and qps model with es layer are also introduced. then using the platform, the backscatter ionogram of these typical states are simulated, comparing with the real ionogram to find that they can match well, which proves the validity and practicability of the platform. the influence of the inputting parameters of these model and antenna patterns on the backscatter ionogram is also discussed in this paper

本文在球形對稱準拋物電離層模型基礎上，分別引入了梯度模型、準餘弦擾動模型、包含es層的準拋物模型，然後利用該模擬平臺，對這幾種典型電離層狀態的返回散射電離圖進行了模擬，並與實測圖進行了比較，一致性很好，證明了該模擬平臺的有效性和實用性。

We introduce a modified model approach to estimate the unique synoptic oceanic wind field from backscatter of spaceborne scatterometer

給出了一種改進的場方式反演方法，利用該方法從衛星散射計測量的後向散射強度的數據中唯一反演出大尺度海洋風場。

4. based on the theory of kirchhoff approximating and the model of franceschetti facet field simulating, an algorithm for the computing the facet backscatter coefficients is presented

4 .基於kirchhoff近似理論和franceschetti地面場景模擬模型，實現了一種根據小平面單元與sar之間的幾何關系計算小平面單元後向散射系數的演算法。

Owing to the anisotropic and the biharmonic nature of microwave radar backscatter on spaceborne scatterometer, and to the scatter model function nolinear and the existence of various noise sources in the measurements in addition to the model function, the retrieval wind results consist of as many as four wind directions

由於衛星散射計探視雷達回波的各向異性的雙調和性質，同時由於散射物理模型函數的非線性及信號中存在噪聲，使得常規點方式風場反演中風向有多至4個解的多解存在。

Beta backscatter thickness meter

反散射測厚計

Gamma scanning and neutron backscatter techniques, which are widely used in petrochemical plants, are briefly introduced

摘要對射線掃描技術和中子背散射技術的基本原理及其在石油化工裝置中的主要應用進行了簡要介紹。

The emphasis of this paper is to simulate the backscatter ionograms using ray tracing technology

本文研究的重點是利用數字射線追蹤技術實現高頻返回散射電離圖模擬。

The value of the ultrasonic integrated backscatter in diagnosis of children with acute viral myocarditis

背向散射積分在小兒急性病毒性心肌炎中的診斷價值

Emphasis is placed on the industrial application of gamma scanning in tower operation and the neutron backscatter in the level detection of an industrial gas / liquid separator and a hydrogenation reactor

這些應用情況表明，利用射線檢測技術不僅可以準確診斷石油化工設備的故障，還可以用於裝置的運行狀況評價、操作優化、挖潛增效以及實現預測維修等多個方面。

For the spectral radiance calibration of solar ultraviolet spectrum monitor, a basc > 4 diffuser is used, and a more accurate calculation for spectral radiance response is given by a integral formula. process of download signal data from solar ultraviolet spectrum monitor on spaceship obtains measurement results of solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance and solar backscatter spectral radiance

根據太陽紫外光譜監視器的地面標定結果，對從神舟三號上下載的測量數據進行處理獲得了地外太陽紫外光譜輻照度和地球大氣後向散射光譜輻亮度，與國際上的測量結果對比相對誤差在10 %以內。

General guide for electron backscatter diffraction analysis

電子背散射衍射分析方法通則

Metallic and non - metallic coatings - measurement of thickness - beta backscatter method

金屬和非金屬覆層.厚度測量.射線背散射法

Based on the theory of kirchhoff approach and facet, the algorithm of computing the facets " backscatter coefficients is discussed. especially a method of computing part of the backscattered field is advanced

基於kirchhoff近似理論和franceschetti的地面場景模擬模型，本文實現了根據小平面單元與sar之間的幾何關系計算小平面單元後向散射系數的演算法。

There is an urgent need for the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar ( sar ) data to be calibrated, so that the quantitative relationships between radar backscatter and geophysical parameters can be properly established, along with the development of international polarimetric sar technology and more and more in - depth study and application of polarimetric sar data. up to now a lot of polarimetric sar calibration methods have been developed. some of them have been used in several applied sar systems and the calibration results are satisfying

隨著國際上多極化合成孔徑雷達技術的發展以及雷達圖像應用的門益廣泛和深入，定量化應用的要求逐漸變得迫切，因而極化定標技術得到了廣泛深入的研究，並且涌現了大量的各有特色的演算法，有些也已經投入具體系統的實際應用中並獲得了令人滿意的結果。