backward and forward integration 中文意思是什麼

backward and forward integration 解釋
原料供應和產品銷售方面一體化
  • backward : adv 向後，在後，在後方；倒，逆；迴向原處。 lean backwards 往後靠。 spell backwards 倒拼；誤解，曲...
  • and : n. 1. 附加條件。2. 〈常 pl. 〉附加細節。
  • forward : adv 1 向前，前進 （opp backward）。2 【航海】在船頭，向船頭（opp aft）。3 今後，將來。4 出來，出...
  • integration : n 1 結合；綜合；一體化。2 【心理學】整合（作用）。3 【數學】積分（法） （opp differentiation）。4...
  1. In view of the general prevalence of the obscure financial orientation, backward management mode and ambiguous property right and disorderly capital management of the conglomerates, this article, for the purpose of effectively ironing out the series of existing problems, puts forward the augment that corporate groups ’ financial management mode must be persistently based on capital operation as its core, thus demonstrating the principle of the organic combination of the centralized power and decentralized power, establishing a financial management mode characterized by the integration of centralized power and decentralized power, which will be conducive to bringing into full play the financial control function of the parent company and the subsidiaries, stimulating the initiative and creativity of the subsidiaries and effectively controlling the risks of the operators and the subsidiaries

    以建築施工、房地產開發為主營業務的大型集團型國有企業為例，他們在財務管理方面普遍存在著分權過度的問題，對子公司的財務行為難以統一協調，無法合理配置有效資源，致使企業集團的凝聚力、控制力難以實現。因此，構建有效的財務管理體制，強化企業集團的財務管理職能，灌輸財務管理的戰略思想已迫在眉梢。因此，本人希望充分利用本人在吉林大學的三年碩士班學習掌握的財務管理知識，結合導師指導和自身工作體會來了解分析當前企業集團存在制約企業集團良性發展的普遍問題入手，基於集團的組織模式、制度建設，預算管理等方面進行深刻剖析，結合現實案例系統並有針對性的提出了一套具體的集團企業財務管理戰略模式，以期能對企業集團的生存與發展具有較好的現實意義。
  2. ( 3 ) analysis the influences to the technological innovation patterns of dg tncs by four industrial types ( resource industry, compare advantage industry, marginal industry i and marginal industry ii ). and make the empiricism research of chinese home appliance market. ( 4 ) have put forward the technological innovation models of " technological & marketing coupling model ", " backward integrated model ", " systems integration & networking model " of dg tncs. ( 5 ) distinguish the specific learning way of dg tncs technological innovation management, and analyze the innovation learning effect of developing country, developed countries and china tncs with dea. ( 6 ) point out the problems of chinese transnational corporation technological innovation pattern, and give out the countermeasure and suggestions

    論文的主要創新點包括： （ 1 ）根據影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的主導因素，從國家、產業、企業層面分析發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式； （ 2 ）提出影響發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式的in ? ir框架，總結了工n一1r框架下發展中國家跨國公司技術創新的部分特徵; （ 3 ）分析資源產業、比較優勢產業、邊際產業i和邊際產業h四類產業影響下的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模式，並結合中國家電業的現實作實證分析; （ 4 ）提出了「基於技術、市場作用」的發展中國家跨國公司技術創新模型、發展中國家跨國公司「倒一體化」創新模式和發展中國家跨國公司的系統集成網路創新模式; （ 5 ）區分發展中國家跨國公司技術創新管理的各種「學習」方式，運用數據包絡分析等方法比較分析發達國家、發展中國家和中國的跨國公司技術創新學習的效果和特點; （ 6 ）指出我國跨國公司建立技術創新模式過程中出現的問題，並提出對策和建議。
  3. How to creat advantages and make further development in the new worldwide competitive environment becomes the most important issue to be worked out. on the basis of analysis and prediction, the author presents the strategic position and objective of the cate ( amphenol - tuchele electronics gmbh operation china branch ) by means of swot analysis. in addition, cost leadership, backward integration and concentric diversification strategy are put forward

    本文首先對企業戰略研究的理論進行了簡單的介紹，然後對安費諾?圖赫爾中國公司（簡稱cate ）的宏觀政策環境、行業狀況及企業現狀進行了分析，在根據分析、預測結果及swot分析的基礎上，提出了安費諾?圖赫中國公司（ cate ）的戰略定位和目標、成本領先戰略、產品後向一體化及產品多元化戰略。
  4. In this paper, the author firstly introduces the theory of enterprise strategy, and then analyzes the macro - policy environment, the coke industry condition and the coke enterprise situation. on the basis of the analysis and the prediction, the author presents the strategic position and objective of the chang zhou factory of coke and chemicals by means of swot analysis. in addition, cost leadership, backward integration and concentric diversification strategy of partial expansion, and the market - oriented strategy are put forward

    本文首先對企業戰略研究的理論進行了簡單的介紹，然後對焦化廠的宏觀政策環境、行業狀況及企業現狀進行了分析，根據分析、預測結果及swot分析的基礎上，提出了常州焦化廠的戰略定位和目標、低成本戰略、局部擴張的後向一體化及同心多元化戰略、市場導向戰略。
  5. For the sake of using the binary classification key more flexiblly to classify and identify the diseases and pests as knowledge reasoning, the integration of the principles of backward reasoning and two - way reasoning was put forward, which charges the binary key into the knowledge database of expert system, and computers can make use of the structure to search the branch node and realize the assistant identification of diseases and pests

    為了能更靈活地應用二叉分類檢索表作為知識推理進行病蟲分類鑒定，提出在常規推理的基礎上，融入反向推理和混合推理技術，將二叉分類檢索表作為知識裝入專家系統知識庫，計算機可以利用它搜索分支結點以實現病蟲輔助鑒定。
  6. This paper puts the value chain theory, which was founded by professor michael e ? porter, in the analysis of the value added activities of foreign trade companies, and puts forward three ways to remodel the value chain : value chain forward integration, backward integration and vertical integration. at the same time, the paper cites three representative instances to demonstrate the detail measurements foreign trade companies should use under different conditions

    本文運用邁克爾?波特的價值鏈理論，通過對我國外貿公司價值活動的分析，提出了外貿公司再造價值鏈的方式：價值鏈的前向延伸、後向延伸和橫向進入，同時，結合我國外貿公司改革中的典型案例，論述了不同情況下，企業應該採取的具體措施。
  7. Firstly, the paper expatiates the methods and contents of swot analysis. next, it analyzes the exterior circumstances and interior factors of zsgcl, in particular, the interior strengths & weaknesses and the exterior opportunities & threats. lastly, combining its practical situation and applying swot analysis theory, it brings forward a series of countermeasures including new product developing, capital operation and backward integration to provide a brand - new clew for its development

    本文首先闡述了swot分析的方法、內容，接著分析了株洲冶煉集團公司面臨的外部環境和內部因素，特別是內部具有的優勢與劣勢、外部存在的機會和威脅等內容進行剖析，最後結合株洲冶煉集團公司的實際，進行了理論的運用，提出了一系列應對策略，其內容涉及到新產品開發、資本經營、後向一體化等重要方面，為株洲冶煉集團公司的發展提供了一個全新的思路。
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