bulk degradation 中文意思是什麼

bulk degradation 解釋
本體降解
  • bulk : n 1 體積，容積，大小。2 巨大；龐然大物；大塊；大批，大量。3 貨艙；船貨；散裝貨物。4 〈the bulk〉...
  • degradation : n. 1. 降級；免職。2. 退化；墮落。3. 【地質學；地理學】（地表的）剝蝕。4. 【化學】降解，遞降分解（作用）。5. 【物理學】（能的）退降。
  1. Mongolica young stand, secondary natural forest, and the mixed forest of larix olgensis and fraxinus mandshurica rupr. countermeasures for controlling soil degradation were also recommended. the study got following results : ( 1 ) from young stand to mid - age of larix olgensis, with the closure of canopy and the decrease of undergrowth vegetation cover, soil acidity, enzyme activity, total inorganic phosphorus, available k, soil moisture and total porosity decreased significantly ; while soil organic matter content, humus component content, the amount of three main types of microbes, acid phosphatase activity, and bulk density in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil increased with the increase of the amount of forest floor litter ; from mid - age stand to near mature stand, with the decrease of stand density and crown cover as well as the restoration of undergrowth vegetation after preliminary thinning, soil organic matter content, fulvic acid, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable aluminium, neutral phosphatase activity, total amount of inorganic phosphorus, the amount of actinomycetes, soil moisture, and total porosity in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil apparently increased ; from near matu re stand to mature stand, soil activity acidity, organic matter content, humus component content, available phosphorus, total amount of amino acid, available k, soil enzyme activity, soil moisture, and total porosity in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil decreased, but total phosphorus, soil acidity ( in particular, exchangeable aluminium ), and bulk density increased

    結果表明： （ 1 ）從落葉松幼齡林到中齡林，隨著林冠的郁閉和林下植被蓋度的急劇下降，林地土壤酸度、土壤酶活性、無機磷總量、速效鉀、土壤水分含量、總孔隙度呈明顯下降趨勢，而根際和非根際土壤有機質含量、腐殖質各組分含量、三大類微生物數量、酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤容重隨著凋落物的增加呈明顯上升趨勢；從中齡林到近熟林，由於撫育間伐，林分密度及郁閉度下降，林下植被蓋度逐步得到恢復，根際與非根際土壤有機質含量、富里酸、交換性酸、交換性鋁、中性磷酸酶、無機磷總量、放線菌數量、土壤水分含量、總孔隙度呈明顯的上升趨勢；從近熟林到成熟林，隨著林齡的增大，根際與非根際土壤活性酸、有機質含量、腐殖質各組分含量、有效磷含量、氨基酸總量、速效鉀、土壤酶的活性、土壤水分含量和總孔隙度呈下降趨勢，而根際與非根際土壤全磷含量、土壤酸度（特別是交換性鋁）和容重呈增加趨勢。
  2. The self - poisoning effects of chinese fir plantation are studied through the seed germination experiment with the extracts of organs, bulk soils and rhizosphere soil of different rotation plantations. the results are as follows : there are some poisonous substances inhibiting germination of chinese fir seeds in soils of chinese fir plantations. the inhibiting effect becomes stronger and stronger with increase of planting generations. extracts from the organs of chinese fir trees also have some inhibiting effects on seed ' s germination, but the effect of leaf is the strongest. lower concentration extracts of underground vegetation may be favorable to the seed ' s germination whereas the higher concentration will reverse the results. it indicates that the “ self - poisoning ” effects of chinese fir plantations might be one of the reasons for poor natural regeneration and soil degradation of chinese fir plantation

    利用不同栽植代數杉木人工林根際土、非根際土及杉木各器官浸提液進行杉木種子發芽試驗，研究杉木人工林自毒作用，研究結果表明：杉木林根際土及非根際土中均存在抑制杉木種子萌發的物質，隨栽植代數增加抑制作用更趨明顯；杉木各器官浸提液對杉木種子萌發也有抑制作用，其中以杉木葉的抑制作用最為明顯，杉木林下常見植物對杉木種子發芽則表現為低促高抑效應，說明杉木人工林存在自毒作用，這可能是杉木連栽障礙的原因之一。
  3. The harms of soil compaction represented briefly as soil bulk density and penetration resistance increased, macroporosity decreased, soil physical, chemical and biological properties deteriorated, which effected on crop growing and soil structure degradation, and has become one of the principal obstacle factors for sustainable development of agriculture

    土壤機械壓實危害主要表現在土壤容積質量和機械阻力增加，大孔隙減少，土壤物理、化學、生物性狀惡化，進而影響作物的生長發育，土壤結構發生退化，已成為當前制約農業可持續發展的障礙因素之一。
  4. The reduction of soil nutrient content and enzyme activity, and the apparent increase of soil acidity and bulk density are likely the main reason for soil degradation in mature stand

    土壤養分和酶活性的降低以及土壤酸度和容重的顯著增加是成熟林土壤質量降低的主要原因。
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