comparative points 中文意思是什麼

After the comparative analysis of the reasons for exoneration in legislations in germany, japan and france, the author points out the attitude that our country should adopt on this issue, and then analyze the conflict on the reasons for exoneration between general principles, desposition methods and pronunciation, finally, the author calls for legislation to solve the issue. part ii : the identification of the liability subjects for vehicle accidents

通過比較德國、日本和法國這三個適用無過錯責任的國家在免責事由方面的立法，指出我國在機動車交通事故免責事由上應當採取的態度，繼而分析了《民法通則》 、 《處理辦法》以及《公告》三者之間在免責事由方面的沖突，建議盡快通過立法予以解決。

This article gives prominence to the two key points : the first : through comparative analysis, the author compares bankrupt lawmaking of continent laws, england and american laws and our country ' s laws form horizontal and vertical parts. during the comparison we find the shortcomings of bankrupt laws in china. the second : the author puts forward herself points purposefully through using for reference overseas law making experience and combinding the problems during making the new bankrupt laws in our country

本文突出兩大特點：一是運用比較分析的方法，對大陸法系、英美法系和我國現行破產立法進行縱橫向比較研究，在比較中找出我國現行破產法的不足；二是借鑒國外先進的立法經驗，結合我國新破產法制定過程中出現的問題，有針對性地提出自己的觀點。

Through comparative analysis, the author holds that, concerning schools " development of curriculum resources in manshuiwan town to support development of school curriculum, a variety of problems existing either on the aspects of attitudes and regulations and theories or on that of practice can be summed up in two points : one is that school and community are deficient in effective communication, thus making schools fail in full development and usage of curriculum resources in community ; the other one is that curriculum resources in community and school curriculum are short of effective integration, thus making schools ineffectively develop curriculum resources in community to support development of school curriculum

通過歸因和比較分析，筆者認為，漫水灣鎮學校在開發社區課程資源支持學校課程發展中，在認識、組織、制度、理論和實踐層面所存在的種種問題與不足歸結為兩點：一是學校與社區缺乏有效的交往，結果是學校不能充分開發和利用社區課程資源；二是社區課程資源與學校課程缺乏有效的融合，結果是學校不能有效地開發社區課程資源支持學校課程發展。

Under the comprehensive guidance of theories of sociology and law science, the dissertation, adopting the research methods of historic analysis, comparative " analysis and positive analysis, and basing on the research of the s ystem of probationary suspension, the author in this essay points out faults of the current system of probationary suspension in china in legislation and judicature, and basing on the factual condition of china, the author conceives some meager but brave plans to perfect the system of probationary suspension in china

反思缺陷並完善我國緩刑制度已是當務之急。本文綜合運用社會學和法學理論，採用歷史分析、比較分析和實證分析等研究方法，通過對緩刑制度的研究，指出了中國現行緩刑制度在立法上及司法實踐中的弊端，並以此為基礎，結合中國的實際國情，就中國緩制度的完善提出了一些淺陋而大膽的構想。

The whole dissertation can be divided into 9 chapters, which are mainly engaged on the comparative theories of the common balance and the partial balance, and the methodology of the demonstration and criterion economics to do the analysis and res earch on the purpose of making relatively thorough and deep assessment on the policy - making and related improvement suggestions on such areas as the implement performance of the agriculture policies, the requirement structure of agriculture, the structure of employment, the basic elements and arrangement of agriculture production, the sustainable development of agriculture and the agriculture internationalization etc. the basic innovative points of the dissertation are as follows : ( 1 ) to establish a systematic framework for the research on the policies of agriculture industry and the structure of agriculture industry ; the framework for grand agriculture industry structure ; the framework of subject relationship in the agriculture socialized service system ; the circulation framework of sustainable development for agriculture ; the model framework for corporation development for agriculture institution ; ( 2 ) to expand the external scope of the concept of agriculture ; ( 3 ) to put forward the ideas of the corporation orientation by restructuring and innovating the present agriculture operational institution ; ( 4 ) to raise the viewpoints to set up the quality standard system for agriculture produce and to initiate the same system of the internal and external trade ; ( 5 ) to offer the suggestions on guiding the development of the township and private enterprises through the industry policies ; ( 6 ) to raise the innovative viewpoint by way of the systematic analysis on agriculture and the employment structure of the countryside, the district arrangement, technological innovation and the marketing system of agriculture produce ; ( 7 ) to put forward the comprehensive thinking way to broaden the logistics services for agriculture produce ; ( 8 ) to raise the new idea of the agriculture supporting system and the policy suggestions on expanding the areas for the government to support agriculture industry, reorganization of agriculture insurance system and aid to the weak masses of the countryside

本課題是在國家農業產業政策不斷完善和產業經濟學科科學發展的背景下，從農業產業政策的實踐出發，從大農業產業結構、組織、技術、資金、勞動力、土地等資源配置以及區域布局、國內外關聯等角度，以農業產業政策與農業發展的互動關系為切入點，提出了農業產業政策調整取向，初步形成和發展了政策理論。全文共分9章，主要運用一般均衡和局部均衡比較等理論，實證、規范經濟學研究等方法進行探討，對農業產業政策實施績效、農村需求結構、就業結構、農業生產要素和布局、農業可持續發展、農業國際化等命題以及對策建議作了比較全面深入的評析。本課題研究主要有以下創新觀點：初步搭建了農業產業政策和結構理論框架，設計了政策和結構體系圖；延伸了「農業」概念外延，提出了「大農業」的構想；提出了農業產業經營組織再造和創新的公司化發展方向，設置了農業產業化、公司化發展模式圖和產業化公司模型圖；設計了農業可持續發展良性循環圖和農業資金投入效益模型圖；提出了建立農產品質量標準體系、推行內外貿一體制的觀點；建立了農業保障體系參照圖，建議通過產業政策引導鄉鎮、私營企業和「三資」企業發展；剖析農村勞動力就業結構、區域布局、科技創新、農產品市場體系；提出了加大農產品物流配送的整體思路；提出了農業支撐體系新觀念及擴大政府支農范圍、重構農業保險體系、扶持弱勢群體的政策建議。

Based on the analysis of non - performing bonds in china and japan, the paper has a comparative analysis on its roots, and points out that the solution is to deal with the institution problem

在分析中日不良債權現狀的基礎上，從微觀經濟學和制度經濟學視角對兩國不良債權的成因進行了比較分析，並結合中國國情，得出解決這一問題的關鍵是消除形成金融不良資良的制度性根源。

The thesis regards this question as the starting point, and makes a comparative analysis of other country ’ s legislative supervision of financial holding conglomerates ’ affiliated transactions. at the same time, it analyses the present situation of the financial holding conglomerate ’ s affiliated transactions and the legislative supervision in china. based on the analysis, the author points out we must perfect the legislation and establish the institutions to provide the financial holding conglomerate ’ affiliated transactions, such as the institution of interior control and the institution of information disclose and so on

本文以此問題為出發點，對金融控股集團關聯交易的法律監管進行國際比較，並對我國金融控股集團關聯交易的現狀及其法律監管現狀等進行實證分析，指出必須在完善我國金融控股集團關聯交易法律監管的立法體系基礎上，構建完善的內控制度、信息披露制度、外部監管制度及不正當交易的法律責任制度等，才能促進金融控股集團發展和保障金融市場的穩健安全。

This paper analyzes the occurring of land conversion with burning theory, and points out that land conversion is results from population increase, resource endowment, economic development, farmland ' s low comparative economic benefit, unreasonable distribution of framland ' s income, vague land property right, shortsighted activities of local government, the first revolution of urban land use system and rapid urbanization

論文運用社會燃燒理論分析了農地非農化過程的發生，認為農地非農化是在「燃燒物質」人口增長、資源稟賦、經濟發展， 「助燃劑」農地比較經濟效益低、農地非農化收益分配不合理、土地產權、權能模糊和地方政府的短期行為， 「點火溫度」城市土地使用制度的第一次革命和快速城市化下共同作用的結果。

According to the research of the modern enterprise ' s resource view, this paper points out : expanding the boundary of the firm and transferring the knowledge within it through foreign direct investment, the multinational corporations not only keep the integrality of knowledge stocks, but also build the platform for recombination and creation of new knowledge in order to acquire the dynamic competitive advantage. by the method of historical research and comparative analysis combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis together, the author utilizes the modern enterprise ' s resource view to revise the advantage theory in the following aspects : mncs " way of overseas expanding, enter decision, relation of mother and son of mncs, mnc raising social efficiency and small and medium - sized enterprises overseas investment. the after revising, the advantage theory can better explain the reality and developing trend of current mncs and bring certain enlightenment to chinese enterprise in economic globalization and offer academic supporting and guidance for its overseas direct investment behavior

本文根據對現代企業資源觀理論的研究，指出跨國公司通過對外直接投資來拓展企業邊界並進行知識的內部轉移，不僅可以保持企業現有知識存量的完整性，而且也為知識的再結合和創造新知識構築了平臺，通過歷史考察與比較分析相結合、定性分析與定量研究相結合的方法，利用現代企業資源觀理論，在跨國公司海外擴展方式選擇、進入決策、跨國公司母子關系、跨國公司提高社會效率和中小企業海外投資等方面對壟斷優勢論進行了修正，使得經過修正的壟斷優勢論能夠更有力地解釋當今跨國公司發展的現實和趨勢，給經濟全球化中的中國企業帶來一定的啟示，為其海外直接投資行為提供一定的理論支持與幫助。

Indeed, as landes frequently points out, not all government efforts at altering comparative advantage prove commercially favorable

誠如藍迪斯反復指出，政府圖謀改變比較優勢的努力在商業上並非總是占優的。

Based on the comparative angle, states enterprises " entrustment theory, and reveals present situation and questions of state - owned enterprise entrustment, and gives some new points and thoughts to found and perfect the system of state - owned enterprise entrustment. then, the thesis deeply probed into accounting problems in state - owned enterprises " entrustment, including property right, assessment, benefit of division, risk bearing method, accounting treatment of entrustment cost. on basis of the analysis and entrustment practice of zhengyuan - weifeng, author thought enterprises " entrustment fits the reality choose of state - owned enterprises, and it is an effective reformatory model of state - owned enterprises

作者從比較法的角度，闡述了企業託管的一般理論，揭示了目前我國國有企業託管的現狀及問題，為建立和完善我國國有企業託管體系提出一些新觀點和新思路，對國有企業託管中的財務會計問題，包括託管中的產權問題、資產評估、利益分配及風險承擔方法、託管費的會計處理等進行了深入的理論探討和分析，並在此基礎上結合正圓?維豐的託管財務實踐，認為企業託管能夠直接進行企業財產權的重組，適合我國國有企業的現實選擇，是一種有效的國有企業改革方式。

Through comparative investigation, varied forms of " fundamental breach of contract " are the main reasons ; force majeure should not be a reason of dissolution of the contract and it should keep its independent value in contract law ; at the same time, it specially points out that the system of change of circumstance should be a legal reason of dissolution of the contract

通過研究，指出「根本違約」的各種形態是合同解除的主要原因；不可抗力不應作為合同解除的原因，而應保留其在合同法中的獨立制度價值；同時，又特別指出我國法律上未予規定的情勢變更制度，應當作為合同解除的法定原因之一。

On the real situation of china, through combining guaranty law and its interpretation, maritime law, civil aircrafts law and the draft of real rights law, this essay analyzes the present rules on china chattel mortgage publication with historical method and comparative method as its research method. it points out that the disadvantage of china chattel mortgage publication is its lack of superficial features and puts forward settlement for this problem on the basis of domestic and foreign practices as to this problem and proposals form scholars

本文立足於我國的現實國情，結合我國《擔保法》 、 《擔保法解釋》 、 《海商法》 、 《民用航空器法》以及《物權法草案》 ，以歷史法學和比較法學為研究方法，分析了我國動產抵押公示方式的現有規定，指出我國動產抵押公示的缺陷是抵押登記缺乏表現于外部的表面特徵;在分析了國內外解決動產抵押公示難題的各種具體作法及學者建議的基礎上，提出了適合我國國情的解決動產抵押公示難題的辦法。

Public benefit type ( including social medical aid model and national health services model ), insurance type ( including social medical insurance model and market oriented medical insurance model ) and self - security type ( individual saving medical security ). it further argues that medical security systems of all countries are derived from different combinations of these five models. this abstract categorization method emphasizes key points and characteristics making the complicated relationship between medical security schemes and medical security systems in various countries clearer to facilitate comparative analysis of systems in different medical security systems

在對17個案例國家和地區醫療保障制度體系分析研究的基礎上，本文歸納出了構成各國醫療保障制度體系的最基本的制度單元? ?五種制度模式，即社會醫療救助制度模式、社會醫療保險制度模式、國家衛生服務保障制度模式、市場醫療保險制度模式、個人儲蓄醫療保障制度模式，並將這五種制度模式進一步歸並為福利型（社會醫療救助制度模式和國家衛生服務保障制度模式） 、保險型（社會醫療保險制度模式和市場醫療保險制度模式） 、自保型（個人儲蓄醫療保障制度模式）三種體制類型。

Using the way of comparative analysis, this paper makes a comparative study of the scholars " view of different schools of international law, points out several conundrum left from the 20th century, predicts the trend of development of the international law in the 21st century and explains the trategy that china should take

第三章、第四章通過比較分析的方法，對各國國際法學流派的觀點進行比較分析，指出了二十世紀國際法遺留下來的幾大難題，並預測國際法在二十一世紀的發展趨勢。第五章結合我國的實際情況，有的放矢地提出自己的觀點及我國應採取的對策。

It ' s inclined to the plaintiff or the defendant ? this text regards development of the american - european product liability law as the basis, attempt to use the menthods, such as, analytic approach of value, historical analytic approach, the case kw and comparative law, etc. analysing and probing into its theoretical foundation and value orientation, we should not only adhere to the modification of concrete clause, nor imitate foreign blindly, but really understand its marrow, guide the practise of legislation and justice of our country. develop and perfect the product liability law of our country further, hold the equalization points of justice and efficiency, rights and function correctly

透過法律條文的表面去探求制度深層的必然性和內在的基本使命，本文以歐美產品責任法的發展為依據，試圖運用價值分析法、歷史分析法、判例法和比較法等方法，分析探討產品責任制度的理論基礎和具體內容，尤其是制度立足其上的理論基礎和價值取向，這樣才能站在理性的高度從宏觀去把握，以一種開放的姿態去面對現實的挑戰，而不是僅僅拘泥於對具體條文的修改，也不是盲目的照般國外的，真正領會歐美產品責任制度的精髓，並以此來指導我國的立法和司法實踐，進一步發展和完善我國的產品責任法，正確把握公平與效率、權利和功用的平衡點。

Retrospecting to the history of metro afc system, the author makes a comparative analysis between ic card and normal magnet card as well as their basic component parts, and points out that ic card ' s application to afc system shall have a better effect and will consequently be welcomed by even more passengers

摘要闡述了地鐵自動售檢票系統的發展，並對ic卡和磁卡在此系統中應用的優缺點進行了對比分析，介紹了組成此系統的基本設備。

Through the comparative study the author points out that financial deepening does have risks, but there is no cause - effect relationship between the financial deepening and financial crisis, what really matters is a comprehensive plan and the supervision of the process of financial deepening

通過改革的背景、內容和方式、速度和順序、改革的初始效果這四個方面的比較分析，本文指出：金融深化是有風險的，但是金融深化與金融危機之間不存在必然的因果關系。

Through the study of comparative benefit, marginal benefit and management scale benefit of cultivated land, this paper points out that the low marginal benefit of cultivated land is one of the most important economic causes which lead to cultivated land non - agriculture to the government, the enormous temptation of cultivated land non - agriculture lead to less attention paid to the process of it ; while, to the farmer, the random construction of house and the structure of income lead to the less attention paid to the process of cultivated land non - agriculture

本文通過對耕地經營的比較效益、邊際效益和農戶耕地經營的規模效益的深入研究，指出農戶耕地利用效益低下是耕地非農化最重要的經濟原因之一。並且對政府而言，強制徵用耕地過程中所展現的巨大價值誘惑；對農戶而言，建房無序、農戶收入結構的變化，使之對耕地的關注度不斷下降，並導致其對耕地非農化更加漠視，加之在耕地徵用過程中的一次性變現的巨大誘惑，導致無論是政府還是農戶，對待耕地非農化都有所期待。

From the angle of international law, this thesis analyzes the origins of trade and environment issue in gatt / wto legal system, discusses the conflict between gatt / wto rules and environment trade measures by case studies, evaluates the proposals submitted by members to cte by comparative study, and finally points out the countermeasures china should take in regard to its status quo in trade and environment

本文從國際法的視角，深入剖析gatt / wto法律體系中貿易與環境問題的產生，通過具體案例實證分析環境貿易措施與gatt / wto體制的沖突，評價目前提出的解決該問題的各種方案，最後針對我國貿易與環境問題現狀提出應對措施。