constant field theory 中文意思是什麼
constant field theory
解釋
恆定電場理論-
When the field is slowly - varying, the scalar field potential acts like a cosmological constant. in addition to the quintessence models, many other theories for dark energy have been proposed, including models based on super - symmetric gauge theories, super - gravity, small extra dimensions, large extra dimensions, quantum field theory effects in curved space - time. all these models are essentially based on the existence of a mass less scalar field acting at a cosmic scale
除了真空場模型外，科學家亦提出其他解釋黑暗能量的理論，這些模型建基於不同的物理理論或假設，例如超對稱規范理論超重力增加一些小或大的空間維數量子力學在彎曲時空的影響等等，這些理論模型，返本溯源，其實背後都假設存在著一個特性類似於宇宙常數的無質量純量場。 -
Witten ' s open string field theory formulate the interaction of bosonic open strings in the language of noncommutative geometry. compactification of matrix theory on the noncommutative torus was argued to correspond to supergravity with constant background three form tensor field. more generally, it has been realised that noncommutative gauge theory arises in the worldvolume theory on d - brane in the presence of a constant background b field in string theory
Witten的開弦場論用非對易幾何描述了玻色開弦的相互作用；在非對易torus上的矩陣理論的緊化對應于帶有常數三形式張量場的超引力；更為普遍的，非對易規范理論可以自然地產生在帶有常數b背景場的三維d - brane上。 -
According to the theory of light transmission, we derived the expression of rotation angle as a function of the dielectric constant conductivity of er fluid, and ( the angle between the electric vector of linearly polarized light and electric field ) from maxwell ' s equations and fresnel reflection, on the condition of several appropriate approximations and assumptions
進而導出了非均相結構電流變液在外電場與光場交互作用下旋光角與（入射線偏振光振動方向與外加電場方向間夾角）及參數（為外加電場e 、分散顆粒介電常數、體積分數、絕緣油介電常數、位置矢量（ ? ）等量的函數）的西北工業大學應用物理系碩士學位論文摘要理論表達式。 -
With the constant development of the reformation of higher education system, the curriculum reformation has been becoming the discussion focus in the higher education field in china. the key to this issue is to understand clearly the status quo of the university curriculum in our country. from both the dimensions of theory and practice, this artile analyses the embodiment of university curriculum knowledgization by discussing the curriculum target, the curriculum compilation, the curriculum implementing and the curriculum estimate in our country. basing om this analysis, we conclude that deepening the realization to the essentials of university curriculum theoretically and giving prominence to the educational functions of university curriculum practically should be the inevitable choice of deepening the university curriculum reformation in our country
隨著我國高等教育體制改革的不斷深入，大學課程的改革日益成為我國高等教育領域中的聚焦點，朝什麼方向、如何改革我國大學課程，關鍵在於深刻把握我國大學課程的現狀.本文在理論和實踐兩個維度上，從課程目標、課程內容、課程實施和課程評價等四個方面分析了我國大學課程知識化特徵的表現，指出在理論上深化對大學課程本質的認識，在實踐中凸現大學課程本來應具有的教育意義，應該是深化我國課程改革的必然選擇 -
If a scalar field changes slowly, it resembles a constant, both in its fixed magnitude and in its lack of directionality ; relativity theory predicts it will produce a gravitational repulsion
如果純量場變化緩慢，它就會有固定的大小，而且沒有方向性，就像一個常數一樣；相對論預測，這種情況會產生重力排斥效應。 -
This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。 -
Subsequently, the waves induced forces and their driven effects on currents are studied in detail. in the discussion of the effects of currents on waves, according to the wave radiation theory and the law of wave action conservation, the equivalence of none vorticity condition of the vector of wave number in constant wave field and fermat theory is testified. the dynamic and kinematics effects of background currents on waves are introduced concisely
在流對浪的作用討論中，依據波動的射線理論和由變分原理導出的波作用量守恆定律，闡明了穩定波場波數矢量的無旋條件與費馬原理的等價性，扼要討論了背景流場影響海浪的運動學效應和動力學效應，首次指出水位（包括天文潮位與風暴潮位）變化對海浪成長與消衰的影響，為流浪潮聯合數值模式的發展提供必要的理論依據。
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