cost elasticity 中文意思是什麼

cost elasticity 解釋
成本彈性
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  • elasticity : n. 1. 彈力，彈性；伸縮力，伸縮性，靈活性。2. 開朗的性情。
  1. The increase of brand credit degree can change the demand curve, because it will not only decrease the choice cost effectively and make the demand curve move to the right, but also lessen demand elasticity to make the demand curve craggy

    引入品牌后，品牌信用度的提高使得需求曲線發生變化，一方面在其他條件不變的情況下，品牌信用度的提高將有效地降低消費者的選擇成本，消費者「趨利避害」的本性使得在任意價格下需求量增加，需求曲線右移；另一方面品牌信用度的提高使得品牌商品的需求彈性變小，需求曲線變陡峭。
  2. After the introduction of basic model for the survey, this paper tries to relaxthe hypothesis of the basic model from such angels as considering the sale services, setting the type of assumed conjecture for rival ' s price change, transforming the form of competition, taking the information asymmetry and transaction cost into account, market uncertainty and change of demand elasticity etc., then draws out two mainstream conclusions as efficiency improvement and anti - competition effect

    本文首先給出理論綜述的基本模型，從引入銷售服務變量，設定零售商的價格猜想類型，改變零售商的競爭方式，考慮信息不對稱和交易成本，以及市場的不確定性和需求彈性的變化等多個角度逐次放寬假設條件，歸納出效率改進或反競爭效應兩大基本結論。
  3. In this thesis, abundant statistical data are contained, two methods are employed to give a positive analysis on the elasticity of demand ( eod ) of i & e in china during the period from 1990 to 2001 from the following three aspects : firstly, regression analysis is applied to calculate the average eod of the general i & e. generally speaking, the export is rich in price eod while the import has a poor one. in addition, the absolute value of the sum of these two kinds of elasticity is higher than 1, which accords with marshall - lener condition and proves that devaluation of rmb should be helpful to improve the trade balance. suggestion is further provided such as cutting off producing cost of export, improving technology and implementing strategy of import substitution to improve trade balance

    本文運用豐富的統計數據資料、兩種方法、從三個層次實證分析了1990 - 2001年我國進出口商品的需求彈性：首先，運用回歸分析法計算總體進出口商品的平均彈性，得出我國出口商品總體富有價格彈性，而進口商品總體缺乏價格彈性，進出口需求價格彈性之和的絕對值大於1 ，符合馬歇爾?勒納條件，人民幣貶值有助於改善貿易收支的結論，並提出降低出口商品生產成本、提高生產技術水平、實施進口替代戰略來改善貿易收支；其次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算約100種主要出口商品和約50種主要進口商品的總體需求價格彈性，對其結果進行分析，進一步驗證了前述結論；再次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算農產品、鋼鐵、汽車、醫藥等五大類八種商品的進出口需求價格彈性，根據其不同的分佈狀況，聯系實際經濟情況，提出相應的匯率、價格及產業政策以改善貿易收支。
  4. Speediness in cleaning ： it has moderate strength, excellent elasticity and speedy working performance, which enable them to treat workpieces with complex struceures and formation. the application of our products will greatly reduce the processing time, increase productivity, and cut down cost

    清理速度快：鋼絲切丸具有適當的硬度，清理速度快，且反彈性好，內部隅角或形狀復雜之製品皆能均勻而迅速的清理，縮短處理時間，提高處理量，降低生產成本。
  5. Furthermore, based on the approximately estimation of price elasticity of demand and operation cost by the methods of econometrics, it makes a reasonable scale ticket price scheme and pricing estimation system for chongqing light rail, which also giving a new pricing method for the similar projects in china

    同時運用計量經濟學的方法對輕軌價格需求彈性系數和運營成本作了近似估計。在此基礎上，為重慶輕軌制定出一套可行合理的分段計程制票價方案和票價綜合評價體系，從而為國內同類項目的定價提出了一種新的思路和方法。
  6. The paper incorporate closely the exchange rate pass - through and it ’ s behavior in short term. incomplete exchange rate pass - through is an important assumption of exchange rate overshooting and exchange rate overshooting is the background of our disscuss on the degree of exchange rate pass - through. the paper has following conclusion : 1. the main determination of the degree of exchange rate pass - through : the exchange rate elasticity of marginal cost, the sensitivity of mark - up ratio to exporting price, pricing game between the competitior, enterprice innovation and it ’ s efficiecy, mecu cost, sunk cost. 2. there are distinct differences of degree of exchange rate pass - through among industries

    本文將匯率的傳遞彈性與匯率的波動行為緊密結合，匯率的不完全傳遞是匯率短期超調行為的重要前提假設，而匯率的波動行為又是本文探討匯率傳遞彈性的研究背景，主要的結論有: 1 、匯率傳遞彈性的主要決定因素有:廠商邊際成本的匯率彈性和成本加成率對出口價格的敏感度、同一市場不同競爭者價格的博弈行為、企業創新投入及其創新效率、菜單成本（價格調整成本） 、沉澱成本（退出市場的機會成本） 。
  7. Speediness in cleaning ： sg steel grits have moderate strength, excellent elasticity and speedy working performance, which enable them to treat workpieces with complex struceures and formation. the application of our products will greatly reduce the processing time, increase productivity, and cut down cost

    清理速度快： sg鋼砂具有適當的硬度，清理速度快，且反彈性好，內部隅角或形狀復雜之製品皆能均勻而迅速的清理，縮短處理時間，提高處理量，降低生產成本。
  8. Water quantity prediction is the base and premise of water price calculating. this paper uses moving tendency forecasting modeling, gm forecasting modeling and bp neural forecasting modeling to forecast the water requirement of the future, evaluates the forecasting results, and confirms the forecasting results ; the industry water price elasticity index and the resident water price elasticity are calculated with the multi - linear regression method ; the water resources value is evaluated with the marginal opportunity cost method considering the transferring water, other parameters are evaluated and estimated by using some methods of connecting with objective laws and estimation

    用水量預測是水價制定的前提和基礎，本文在進行水量預測時，採用移動平均法、灰色預測法和bp神經網路進行預測，並對預測結果進行了綜合評價，確定出合理的預測結果；採用多元線性回歸方法確定工業用水價格彈性和居民生活用水價格彈性指數；採用跨流域調水情況下的邊際機會成本方法確定當地的水資源價值；採用主觀判斷和客觀規律相結合的方法對其它一些參數進行了確定。
  9. Are made of tempered martensite, with moderate hardness, excellent elasticity, wear - resistant, give less dust, longer recycle life, low cost, extensively used for shot peening to give residual stress in the surface layer of components for fatigue life enhancement and suppression of stress corrosion cracking and descaling and cleaning up surfaces of castings, steel parts and mechanical work - pieces prior coating

    鋼丸鋼砂主要金相組織為?火馬氏體組成，具有適當的硬度良好的反彈性耐磨性粉塵少循環使用壽命長成本低等特點，廣泛應用於鑄件鋼件機加工件的表面噴塗前的表面去皮，清理。
  10. About explosive market dynamics where the time delay in respect of supply or demand towards a price signal on the one hand and the price elasticity of supply and demand on the other could result in enormous price volatility at huge social cost

    記得曾在此專欄談到市場大幅波動的問題，即若供應方或需求方對價格訊息及供求的價格彈性的反應出現時間滯后，價格便可能會極度不穩定，造成很大的社會代價。
  11. At the same time, a series of development trend in organization structure innovation under the information environment has been put forward : flat model is the basis of organization structure optimization ; flexibility not only is beneficial to organization creation, innovation and accelerating reaction speed, but also strengthens organization ' s control centripetal force during the process of being operated continuously. it has rapid adjusting ability in time according to unexpected results of predictable change ; networking can not only decrease internal management cost and realize integration between supply chain and sale chain in worldwide, but also realize enterprise " s completely authorized managemen in order to promote substantial leap in enterprise economic benefit ; virtual model is centralizing limited resources on high additional value function and making low additional value virtual in order that the largest resource support can be obtained in the lowest cost and the whole organization is operated in the most effective way for adapting to market " s rapid change with high elasticity ; creating learning pattern in organization makes enterprise expand the width and depth of information being exchanged with the outer so as to keep enterprise in an unassailable position

    提出信息化環境下組織結構創新的一系列發展趨勢：扁平化是組織結構優化的基礎；柔性化既有利於組織的創造、革新、加快反應速度，又能使組織在不斷磨合中加強控制的向心力，具有適時根據可預期的變化的意外結果迅速調整的能力；網路化不僅減少了內部管理成本、實現了企業全世界范圍內供應鏈與銷售環節的整合，而且實現了企業充分授權式的管理，極大地促進了企業經濟效益，實現質的飛躍；虛擬化是將有限的資源集中在附加值高的功能上，而將附加值低的功能虛擬化，以最小的代價獲得最大的資源支持，從而使整個組織以最有效的方式運轉，以高彈性化來適應市場的快速變化；創建學習型組織，使企業拓展了與外界進行信息交流的廣度和深度，使企業立於不敗之地。
  12. Restore elasticity and sealing performance of oil seal, decrease wear, eliminate noise, reduce cost

    恢復油封彈性、密封性，減磨低噪、降低換總成昂貴的費用。
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