cost planning 中文意思是什麼
cost planning
解釋
成本策劃-
Accurate load forecasting is helpful to planning generators " starting and stopping in the interior of the electrical networks economically and reasonably, preserving the security and stability of power system, reducing the unnecessary circumvolving repertory capacity, making planning to overhaul the units in reason, ensuring the normal production and life of the society, effectively reducing the cost of generating electricity, increasing the economical and social benefit
電力負荷預測是供電部門的重要工作之一，準確的負荷預測，可以經濟合理地安排電網內部發電機的啟停，保持電網運行的安全穩定性，減少不必要的旋轉儲備容量，合理安排機組檢修計劃，保證社會的正常生產和生活，有效地降低發電成本，提高經濟效益和社會效益。 -
( 1 ) it sums up the three ideas of economics used to study urban planning, clearly expressing the theoretical point of view of this study, the co - existence of the theories of interlizing of externalities by a. c. pigou ' s and transaction cost and property right by ronald harry coase, which emphasizes that when market is developing on the basis of a perspicuity of property right and a economized of transaction cost, government intervention and revenue modulation should not be neglected
其具體內容如下： （ 1 ）系統研究和總結了城市規劃理論相關的經濟學發展上的三種思路。從而確定了本課題研究的理論支撐點：即庇古提出的外部效果內部化理論與科斯的交易費用與產權理論有可共存之處。在強調產權明晰與節省交易費用並以市場化發展為主導的同時，需要政府的干預和稅收調節。 -
In this thesis, the methods of comparison research, the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, the combination of positive philosophy and standardized research are used to make systematic and comprehensive analysis of the problems existing in cost management, and emphasis the importance of cost management in planning stage. at the same time, the author brings forward an important concept of establishing the cost management system
在文章中，作者採用了比較研究、定性分析和定量分析相結合、實證研究和規范研究相結合的方法，分析了我國建設項目成本管理中普遍存在的問題，進而提出在計劃階段成本管理的重要地位，同時提出了建立計劃階段成本管理體系這一重要概念。 -
These efficiency - and profit - enhancement strategies include product and geographical diversification, timely infrastructure investments and planning, unrelenting cost controls, regular plant upgrades, in - house management re - engineering, and the recruitment of industry talents.
集團改善生產效率和強化盈利能力的策略包括：產品及市場地域多元化先進基建之投資及規劃持續控製成本廠房設施定期升級革新內部管理，以及招攬業內精英。 -
Lama exper in evaluation, planning, edsign, environmental appraise, engineering cost, inspection and relative scientific research subject advisory of haror, wharf, breakwater, and slipway project in prot and waterway engineering
擅長對水運工程中的港口、碼頭、防波堤、船臺、滑道等工程項目的評估、規劃、設計、環境評價、工程造價、監理及有關科研課題的咨詢。 -
Three steps of the method are, first, genetic algorithm is adopted in the whole planning area to hunt the possible traverse sequence of the substations ; second, the least weight match algorithm in graph theory is adopted to optimize the tie lines between each substation and its neighbors according to the traverse sequence determined in the first step ; finally, the scheme which has the least cost of investment in tie lines will be taken as the ultimate scheme
第一層優化是在整個規劃區域內，應用遺傳演算法搜索可能的變電站的遍歷順序；第二層優化是按照第一層優化確定的遍歷順序，應用綱絡圖論中的最小權匹配演算法分別對每一個變電站與其相鄰站之間的聯絡線進行優化。 -
In this thesis, the traditional windage analytical method that comparing the actual cost with the planning cost can not control the implementary course of project, an effective project management and control technique which is very popular in nowadays is used for reference - - earned value method basing on performance analyzing, the main aim is to use the earned value exponential to analyze the fluctuant complexion of the time limit and cost for a project, and all the influences made by the fluctuant complexion, and the developing trend of the time limit and cost for a project
本文提出了傳統的用實際發生成本與計劃成本進行比較，來衡量項目進展情況的偏差分析法不能全面地監控項目實施過程，借鑒了在目前項目管理實踐當中被普遍採用的一種有效的項目管理和控制技術：基於績效分析的掙值法，其根本目的是要使用該掙值指數分析項目工期和項目成本各自出現的變動情況、這些變動所造成的相互影響、項目工期與項目成本的未來發展趨勢。 -
Cost accounting introduces appropriate cost management concepts, techniques and skills such as cost planning, cost behavior, cost estimation, and cost accumulation and allocation systems ( job, process and activity - based costing )
成本會計介紹了適當的成本管理概念、技術和技能，如：成本計劃、成本特徵、成本評估和成本積累和分配體系（職位、過程和作業成本） 。 -
The research object in this text is a project of the real estate in the chengdu city from the new vision. the project of the real estate is divided into four stages : concept stage, developing stage, performing stage and last stage. the main content of the project management in the concept stage is how to organize the feasibility test well. the main of the project management in the developing stage is how to organize man, material, finance and how to be ready for all the soft and hardware. the main content of the project management in the performing stage is how to guanatee quality, cost and time planning. the main content of the project management in the last stage is how to evaluate, check and accept, deliver the project and organize the last work well. confronting the present situation in all the stages, i work out some good measures. it is about to think the real estate project management farther in the last chapr. er. i bring out xhe important principle about the project management of the real estate and several question which must be delt with. comprehensively evaluating and perfecting the project management in the whole stages is all contents that the project management has the whole efficacy
本文以全新的視角，以成都市一個房地產開發項目為研究對象，創新性地把房地產開發項目劃分為四個階段：概念階段；開發階段；實施階段；收尾階段。概念階段項目管理的主要內容是組織好可行性論證；開發階段項目管理的主要內容是組織好人、財、物及一切軟硬體準備；實施階段項目管理的主要內容是保證質量、進度、成本；收尾階段項目管理的主要內容是評審、驗收及項目交付和組織結束工作。針對不同階段的項目管理的現狀分析，提出完善的對策方案，最後是對房地產開發項目管理的進一步思考，提出房地產開發項目管理的關鍵性原則及應處理好的幾個問題。 -
So, the functionality of finance must be adjusted, and make it become a department which can do cost management, long - term investment decision - making, long - term raising money, floating capital management, and do financial analysis, planning, and enterprises purchasing and regrouping
因此，需要對企業的財務功能進行調整，使它成為能夠進行成本管理、長期投資決策、長期籌資決策、流動資產管理、做出財務分析和財務計劃及企業收購與合併分析的部門。 -
Float cost rate is expend to company year on the foundation that leads in industry difference expenses of rate adjust, should be in commonly execute after planning as a whole one year, carry out, float extent expends the 5 % ~ 40 % of rate for course of study of one ' s own profession
浮動費率是在行業差別費率的基礎上對企業年度費率的調整，一般應在實行統籌一年以後實施，浮動幅度為本行業費率的5 % ~ 40 % 。 -
The proof that at present this city applies rewards pay to have : " byelaw of shanghai family planning " the 23rd regulation, bear a child hind no longer to husband and wife, its children is in of less than of 16 one full year of life, can apply for to get " singleton female card ", the proof enjoys the following treatment : ( one ) the singleton female parents that draws regulation of city people government every months rewards cost, enjoy to its children 16 one full year of life stop ; ( 2 ) children enters child - care centre, nursery school hold cost and administration fee in the palm to give by the regulation submit an expense account partial charge
目前本市施行的憑證獎勵待遇有： 《上海市計劃生育條例》第二十三條規定，一對夫妻生育一個孩子后不再生育，其子女在十六周歲以內的，可以申請領取《獨生子女證》 ，憑證享受以下待遇： （一）每月領取市人民政府規定的獨生子女父母獎勵費，享受至其子女十六周歲止； （二）子女入托兒所、幼兒園的托費和治理費按規定給予報銷部分費用。 -
As far as china is concerned, it is now experiencing the transition from the planning economy to a socialist market economy. china ' s institutional disequilibrium in this time period has its own characteristics in extents, forms, effects and causes. in china, the high political and ideological cost of institutional innovation is one of the most important causes of institutional disequilibrium
中國從計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉軌的這一過渡時期的制度非均衡具有以下幾個特點：制度非均衡普遍存在、制度供給過剩嚴重、制度創新的政治和意識形態成本高、收入分配效應大、非正式制度與正式制度沖突大等。 -
In response to media enquiries, a government spokesman said today thursday that the secretary for planning, environment and lands had looked into a complaint against director of buildings, dr choi yu - leuk, that he had asked his staff to estimate the cost of removing the unauthorized building works in a private property which he intended to buy
政府對投訴屋宇署署長的裁決政府發言人今日星期四在回應新聞界查詢時說，規劃環境地政局局長已就投訴屋宇署署長蔡宇略指派下屬估量他有意購買的物業的僭建物的拆除費用一事進行調查。 -
In response to media enquiries, a government spokesman said today ( thursday ) that the secretary for planning, environment and lands had looked into a complaint against director of buildings, dr choi yu - leuk, that he had asked his staff to estimate the cost of removing the unauthorized building works in a private property which he intended to buy
政府發言人今日（星期四）在回應新聞界查詢時說，規劃環境地政局局長已就投訴屋宇署署長蔡宇略指派下屬估量他有意購買的物業的僭建物的拆除費用一事進行調查。 -
The real estate development cost control methods are specified of decision, design, execution stage to reduce the construction cost, and it is compiling feasibility study report and capital invest estimation in decision, optimizing the design scheme and designed rationally in the technique and construction drawing design stage, electing rational construction scheme in construction stage, controlling the change in the work and field visas strictly, examining and approving budge detailed, budge planning use the quantities list, electing the best subcontractor, preventing some monopoly raise the price, collecting the detailed data in the fieldwork, making strict bargain
討論了房地產開發項目的決策階段、設計階段、實施階段分別需要採取的相關措施和方法，以盡量降低項目的工程造價，即在決策階段編寫詳細的可行性研究報告和編制投資估算；在設計階段優化設計方案，進行合理的技術設計和施工圖設計；在實施階段選擇合理的施工方案，嚴格控制工程變更和現場簽證，嚴格審核工程施工圖預算，工程造價的預算採用工程量清單報價，擇優確定專業分包單位，防止少數壟斷性行業任意抬價，深入現場，收集和掌握施工有關資料，制定嚴密的合同條款。 -
Urban planning control and the externalities of urban land use, a very classical problem just to be tackled by this paper is going to follow the very new progress of current economics and take cases of " village within the city ", a problem appeared in the urbanization in china, massive demolishing of illegal buildings in urban area, and the property dispute about the right of sunlight and green land as examples to conduct the study step by step on the externality of land use, transaction cost, property right, government regulation and the rule by law with the help of the author ' s experience gained from years of management in the grass - root office work
本文正是抓住「城市土地使用的外部效果與規劃控制」這一涉及我國土地資源利用和經濟發展的重大問題，利用主流經濟學的最新進展，以中國城市化中的「城中村」問題、大規模拆除違章建築行動、小區居民捍衛「陽光權」 、 「綠地權」等房產糾紛為背景，結合筆者在廣州市十多年的管理經驗，圍繞外部效果、交易費用、產權、政府規制等深層上的問題展開研究。 -
The characteristics of the production are with the high dissociation of parts, complexity of structures, long period of manufacturing, and high cost. in addition the manufacture needs high demands to the resource planning, ability in equilibrium, control of cost, consignment on time and so on
巴威公司的鍋爐產品是根據客戶要求製造的，其部件生產的離散性強、結構復雜、製造周期長，成本高，對資源計劃、能力均衡、成本控制、按期交貨等提出了很高的要求。 -
Therefore, the main subject of this research is to discuss the application of all - around cost management through the full process control, which consists of three parts : feed - forward control, which seeks to anticipate the cost movement ; process control which sets down cost standards and cost planning in order to limit the cost payout
因此本文主要是通過成本的全過程式控制制來論述全面成本管理的實際應用，其主要內容包括三個部分：前饋控制旨在預測成本變動的方向；過程式控制制通過制定成本標準和成本計劃，限定成本的支出；反饋控制通過分析實際成本與成本計劃的差異，分析和調查原因，以找到降低成本的方法。 -
Japan ' s cost planning and its enlightenment for chinese businesses ' cost management
日本的成本企劃及對我國企業成本管理的啟示
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