cost-benefit model 中文意思是什麼
cost-benefit model
解釋
費用收益模型,成本效益模型-
Cost - benefit ratio model and stage - rolled method are chosen as the theoretical foundations of the program, and then benefit model is improved to accord with the actuality of urban traffic in china
首先選擇效益費用比模型和階段滾動法作為程序的理論依據，同時針對我國城市交通的現狀，對效益模型進行了改進。 -
The thesis defines the concept of asset securitization, expounds characteristic and the condition to use. analyses the relationship between the choice of financing tool and the firm value, express max firm value is a good standard to weigh the tool. then, through the ri model and finance theory, the thesis explains the motivations of asset securitization, demonstrates the influence effect on firm value by qualitative and quantitative analysis of cost - benefit of corporate asset securitization, and discusses the role of asset securitization to solve corporate financing puzzle and the future of asset securitization in our country
本文首先提出我國企業面臨的融資困境的實質是企業資本結構的不合理以及融資渠道單一影響的，即融資工具不能實現企業價值最大化;在對資產證券化的概念進行界定后，闡述了關于資產證券化的特徵，明確了資產證券化的特點和使用條件;分析了資產證券化工具的選擇與企業價值之間的關系，提出了企業價值最大化是衡量企業融資工具選擇是否合理的標準，為企業通過資產證券化融資提升企業價值提供了理論準備;然後，運用現代財務理論和剩餘收益模型，通過對我國企業資產證券化的實踐進行成本收益的定性和定量的效果分析，論證企業資產證券化對企業價值的影響效果;最後論述了我國實施資產證券化的現狀和未來發展，並且對我國實施資產證券化的具體方式提出了新的構想。 -
In this paper, we first analyze the input and output as well as cost - benefit rate of chinese livestock industry by the example of hog, beef, mutton and dairy cow. then, we choose the samples from different regions in different time, use the stochastic production frontier suggested by battese and coelli ( 1992 ), which is aimed at the panel data ( balanced or unbalanced ), and make the econometric analysis for the growth of hog, beef, mutton, and dairy cow. different from the former research for livestock industry, the efficiency measurement theory is introdiced into the growth model and the tfp is dissolved into technical advancement, technological efficiency and residual, the translog production function is used to make the estimation more precised
本文首先以生豬，肉牛、肉羊和奶牛為例對近年來我國畜牧業的投入產出和成本收益狀況進行了分析，然後採用battese和coelli在1992年提出的針對混合數據（ paneldata ）的隨機邊界生產函數形式，在不同地區選取一定的樣本，利用樣本省的時間序列與截面混合數據，對生豬，肉牛，肉羊和奶牛的增長因素進行了分析，與以往對于畜牧業增長研究不同的是，將效率測算理論引入生產增長模型，把全要素生產率分解為技術進步、技術效率和殘差項，並採取了更加符合實際的超越對數函數形式，使傳統上使用的索洛余值法得到改進，更深層次的剖析了我國畜牧業目前的增長方式。 -
The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question, analysis, then get the solution. it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method, proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation, proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs, proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance, and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment, repairs, spare parts, stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification, performed a useful learning on running cost budget, forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route
第一章主要討論並認清什麼是船舶運輸成本；第二章研究了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，提出了燃油補給方案的決策模型並給出了模型的驗證過程，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用、維修保養費用、備件、潤物料費用等幾個主要的可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相應的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶運輸營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討；第六章結合具體案例對期租班輪的成本測算與效益分析方法進行了細致的研究。 -
Cost - benefit analysis model and its application of peak - valley time - of - use electricity price
峰谷分時電價的成本效益分析模型及其應用 -
In the second part, the mathematics model is being introduced to calculate the cost, benefit, and discount rate of the tax expenditure
其中第二部分引入數學模型對所得稅稅式支出的成本效益加以分析，包括成本、效益和貼現率的確定。 -
The effects to which stations attract passenger flow, trip time, cost, real estate along line, urt feeder other traffic, structure and configuration of city were analyzed. based on the minimize trip time of passenger, the model of optimal average distance between urt ’ s stations and the model of station ’ s coverage and the model of station ’ s cost and benefit were proposed
分析車站分佈對吸引客流、乘客出行時間、工程造價、運營及沿線土地開發、城市軌道交通與其它交通方式的銜接、城市空間結構和城鎮體系布局的影響;建立了基於乘客出行時間最短的最優平均站距模型、車站選取的覆蓋量模型與費用效益模型。 -
( 2 ) through the comprehensive understanding of cost - effectiveness theory, it makes a thorough quantitative analysis on the cost and benefit of marketing combination factors and provides a measurable analytical model about the cost - effectiveness of marketing combination. furthermore, it analyses the model practically
（ 2 ）通過對成本效益理論的全面認識，從定量的角度對營銷組合因素的成本和效益進行了深入分析，給出可以度量的營銷組合成本效益分析模型，並進一步對模型進行了實用性分析。 -
Based on the comparative angle, states enterprises " entrustment theory, and reveals present situation and questions of state - owned enterprise entrustment, and gives some new points and thoughts to found and perfect the system of state - owned enterprise entrustment. then, the thesis deeply probed into accounting problems in state - owned enterprises " entrustment, including property right, assessment, benefit of division, risk bearing method, accounting treatment of entrustment cost. on basis of the analysis and entrustment practice of zhengyuan - weifeng, author thought enterprises " entrustment fits the reality choose of state - owned enterprises, and it is an effective reformatory model of state - owned enterprises
作者從比較法的角度，闡述了企業託管的一般理論，揭示了目前我國國有企業託管的現狀及問題，為建立和完善我國國有企業託管體系提出一些新觀點和新思路，對國有企業託管中的財務會計問題，包括託管中的產權問題、資產評估、利益分配及風險承擔方法、託管費的會計處理等進行了深入的理論探討和分析，並在此基礎上結合正圓?維豐的託管財務實踐，認為企業託管能夠直接進行企業財產權的重組，適合我國國有企業的現實選擇，是一種有效的國有企業改革方式。 -
The text in the base of unscrambling concept of private economy particularly, adopting the developing datum about yangtze river delta from 1978 to 2004, the penman analyses private economy ’ s developing course of yangtze river delta, demonstrats its new developing characteristics and direction. however, although it ’ s always in the former rank in the national economy, still exists many problems. at present, financing is one of all - important problems, industrial organization is new way of its competition and amalgamation, and swelling independent technology innovation is a basic point of technology development. the penman believes that analysing and discussing this three problems at present is meanful. this text uses produce - funcion to analysing puzzledom of financing, uses the theory of be independent of manufacturer ’ s scale to analysing the internal forming mechanism, uses cost - benefit model to analyzing the mechanism of innovative impetus, finally, elicits improving countermeasure of its practical situation to putting forward powerful opinion
融資歷來是長三角民營經濟發展的首要制約因素之一;產業集群是其競爭與融合的新走向;技術創新則是其發展的動力源。因此，在現階段對這三個問題的分析討論更具有時代性與必要性。本文運用「柯布? ?道格拉斯」生產函數解析長三角民營經濟的融資困境，分析其融資難成因;運用廠商規模無關論對長三角民營經濟產業集群的內在形成機制進行分析;從長三角民營經濟技術創新的現實模式出發，分析其制約因素，力圖給出幾點可行的對策建議，促進長三角民營經濟在新階段的可持續發展。 -
This paper contains three parts : cost estimating, profit decision and unbalanced bidding strategy. the cost estimaging part introduces the product assembly model and describes how to convert it to assembly logic net. then we use the msps algorithm to weigh the product complexity and get the analogy coefficient to estimate the cost. then we analyze the traits of bidding activity, erecting a profit decision model based on fuzzy set theory. this model can choose the best profit through quantifying quote objects, profit influence factor and candidate profits. then we introduce unbalanced bidding strategy on basis of the traits of the discrete manufacturing enterprise. we take amount, date, cost subjects and technology into account. we change the price of all parts of the product, in order to get more benefit negative influence. this paper introduces the design and implementation of the system
接下來建立了基於模糊集的利潤率決策模型，以模糊集作為數學依據，量化企業投標目標、利潤率影響因素、投標利潤率三者之間的關系，為投標產品確定最適合的總利潤率，以最大化保證企業投標目標的實現。然後根據離散製造企業的特點，提出以bom為中心不平衡報價策略，從零件的需求數量、需求日期、成本科目劃分以及零件本身的技術難度進行考慮，通過在保持投標產品的投標總價基本不變的前提下，有意識有策略地調整產品各組成部分的報價，以達到既不提高總價，也不影響中標，又能在結算時獲得更理想的經濟效益的目標。 -
Introduce and analyze in detail a new profit model which mainly includes two parts, the first part is about how to gain short - term benefit to stand out the cost advantage, three aspects, namely scale lead, operation promotion and management enhancement, and others which include descending operation risk, virtual network operation, brand strategy and attached product to construct the core competition of enterprise and ensure the need of long - term development
3詳細介紹和分析一種新型盈利模式，主要包括二個部分，第一部分為如何獲取短期利益以突出企業的成本優勢，包括規模領先、運作提升和加強管理等三個方面；第二部分是如何形成企業的核心競爭力以保障長期發展的需要，包括降低運營風險、虛擬運營、品牌策略和附加產品三個方面。 -
From the actual situation of the enterprises safety management and cost management, the paper shows the concept of safety cost and its new categorizing method. base on it, the paper provide the new index to appraise the effect of safety management in business and the method of technical and economic analysis of safety investment in enterprises. according to the relationship of safety investment - benefit model, we can judge what is highly sensitive to affect the benefit of safety investment
因此從企業安全管理及成本管理的實際情況出發，本文首先提出安全成本的概念、安全成本的科學分類方法，在此基礎上，給出了安全管理評估指標及安全投資技術經濟分析的方法，建立了安全投資?效益系統的關聯分析模型，並對這一關聯模型進行了實證分析，從而可以有效的判斷影響企業安全投資效益的關鍵因素，對于利用有限財力導向合理的安全投資，尋求最佳安全成本有重要的現實意義。 -
Second, mathematical model of social cost of bidding is set up through mathematics method, and the economic benefit of bidding is studied, as well the balanced state of the economic benefits of bidding is found out
2 、藉助數學方法建立了工程招標投標社會耗散成本的數學模型，探討了工程招標投標的經濟效益，尋求了工程招標投標經濟效益的均衡狀態。 -
Post - assessment for highway project is the final task in the management of highway construction project and its major content includes mainly the assessment of operation condition and benefit of the project during the check period. this paper develops a relation model between velocity and oil - consumption both for expressway and ordinary using the method of example comparison between ji - qing expressway and the corresponding section of 102 state - owned highway, which offers the basic data for transportation cost and further financial analysis
高速公路后評價是高速公路建設項目管理的最後一個環節，主要內容以項目考核期運營情況及評價和項目效益評價為主.針對這個環節，本文應用實證對比分析的方法，以濟青高速公路和國道102線的實際交通情況為範例，應用統計方法建立了高速公路與普通公路的車速-油耗模型，為運輸成本及財務分析提供了基礎數據 -
It is shown that the target export rebate system should be established through five facets : the reform of the value - added tax ( vat ) system, the setting of the rebate rate, the unification of the administrative measure of the export rebate, the optimization of the rebate fiscal burden and the strengthen of the administration of the export rebate, which can ultimately acquire the least rebate cost and the maximum rebate benefit. to be detail, first, the existing vat system should be reformed, the vat system should be transformed from the production model to consumption model and the administration of levying tax should be strengthened, which can establish a good basis for the optimization of the export rebate system ; second, after considering the national and international practical situation comprehensively, the suitable rebate rate which is combined " neutral and different " should be chosen, and a set of elastic system of rebate rate which has both relative stability and timing flexibility should be establish ed ; third, with the further deepening of the reform of foreign trade system and the gradual improvement of the ability of the administration of the export rebate, the existing two kinds of administrative measures should be gradually transited to the single measure - " exemption, credit and rebate " ; forth, the existing sharing measure of vat should be innovated, the new rebate burden system - " first rebate then share " should be built ; fifth, a set of stimulation and restriction system of export enterprises and tax authorities should be built to strengthen the administration of export rebate effectively
研究表明，我國目標出口退稅機制需要從五個方面進行構建：即增值稅制度改革、退稅率設置、退稅管理辦法統一、退稅財政分擔優化和退稅管理的強化，最終方可達到總體退稅成本最低和退稅收益的最大化。更具體地說，一是改革現行增值稅制度，將我國增值稅制度由生產型逐步轉為消費型，並強化征稅管理，為退稅機制的優化奠定基礎；二是在綜合考慮國內國際實際情況的前提條件下，選擇適宜我國的「中性與非中性」相結合的退稅率，並建立一套具有相對穩定性和適時靈活性的彈性退稅率機制；三是伴隨著外貿體制改革的進一步深化和退稅管理能力的逐步提高，將現行兩種出口退稅管理辦法逐步過渡到以「免、抵、退」為主的單一管理辦法；四是改革現行增值稅共享辦法，建立「先退稅后共享」的新型退稅負擔機制；五是建立一套針對出口企業和稅務機關的激勵約束機制，有效強化出口退稅的管理。 -
Moreover presents a step - to - optimization contract mode that can effectively estimate the cost of customer ' s participation in order to take a customer - specific incentive payment and maximize the benefit of utility by using the customer behaviors. meanwhile also discusses a model about the dynamic flow model with the consideration with interruptible load. on the other hand, this paper discusses the influence from the demand side generation for the electric power system and presents an advanced design model for distribution networks, especially for demand side generations
本文首先總結了需求側管理的基本概念和主要內容，然後根據以前的研究成果，提出一種基於用戶行為的分步優化合約方案，能有效的估算用戶實施該措施的成本，從而達到電力公司收益最優，同時討論了考慮可中斷負荷的動態潮流模型；另一方面，本文還基於分佈發電技術，探討了用戶發電資源對電力系統的影響，並提出考慮該資源的配電網規劃模型改進方案。 -
Moreover, a concept model for the service market, a detailed analysis on the service function on telecom products market and its economic and social benefit have been designed and made in this paper. furthermore, it formulates the developing strategies for the telecom service market in consideration of many aspects such as the developing phase and frame of the service market, service model, market strategy, combination of service and market and future developing direction, etc. the paper also analyzes the example of service system of foreign telecom suppliers. the suppliers should provide low - cost and high - value service for telecom operators, and help the operators to strengthen their core competition ability for the enterprises, at the same time, the suppliers will transfer their service model from present open model to a new value added model gradually
本文從電信產品服務的現狀出發，深入研究了其存在的問題和採取的相關對策，設計服務市場的概念模型，詳細分析了服務對電信產品市場的作用及其所產生的經濟、社會效益，並從服務市場的開發階段、電信業的服務市場架構、服務模式、供應商的服務市場戰略、服務與市場融合及服務市場未來發展方向等方面重點闡述了電信服務市場的開發策略，並進行了相關國外電信供應商的服務體系實例分析，說明供應商應為運營客戶提供低成本、高增值的服務，協助其提升企業核心競爭力，同時供應商的服務模式也將從現有的粗放型逐步轉換成有償增值服務的新模式，通過該新模式運作力求客戶滿意與公司效益的平衡，在保證客戶滿意的原則下，既增長客戶所需求價值，又能同時增強公司的核心競爭力，力求實現客戶滿意和公司滿意的雙贏目標。 -
At the same time, a series of development trend in organization structure innovation under the information environment has been put forward : flat model is the basis of organization structure optimization ; flexibility not only is beneficial to organization creation, innovation and accelerating reaction speed, but also strengthens organization ' s control centripetal force during the process of being operated continuously. it has rapid adjusting ability in time according to unexpected results of predictable change ; networking can not only decrease internal management cost and realize integration between supply chain and sale chain in worldwide, but also realize enterprise " s completely authorized managemen in order to promote substantial leap in enterprise economic benefit ; virtual model is centralizing limited resources on high additional value function and making low additional value virtual in order that the largest resource support can be obtained in the lowest cost and the whole organization is operated in the most effective way for adapting to market " s rapid change with high elasticity ; creating learning pattern in organization makes enterprise expand the width and depth of information being exchanged with the outer so as to keep enterprise in an unassailable position
提出信息化環境下組織結構創新的一系列發展趨勢：扁平化是組織結構優化的基礎；柔性化既有利於組織的創造、革新、加快反應速度，又能使組織在不斷磨合中加強控制的向心力，具有適時根據可預期的變化的意外結果迅速調整的能力；網路化不僅減少了內部管理成本、實現了企業全世界范圍內供應鏈與銷售環節的整合，而且實現了企業充分授權式的管理，極大地促進了企業經濟效益，實現質的飛躍；虛擬化是將有限的資源集中在附加值高的功能上，而將附加值低的功能虛擬化，以最小的代價獲得最大的資源支持，從而使整個組織以最有效的方式運轉，以高彈性化來適應市場的快速變化；創建學習型組織，使企業拓展了與外界進行信息交流的廣度和深度，使企業立於不敗之地。 -
Rock - fill dam is the one chief type of soil - rock dam, there are much virtue of safety function, adaptability used the local material, be benefit to mechanical building, be short in building time and low in cost, being simple in the building during closure and diversion, etc. it suit the condition of our nation and the environment where the water conservancy works and hydroelectric power plant located, we accumulate the ample practical experience and a series of achievement in scientific research and become a model of having ample competition in the construction and development of piled rock clam
堆石壩是土石壩的主要壩型之一，它具有適應性強，就地取材，便於機械化施工，工期短，造價較低等優點，在水利樞紐設計中被廣泛應用，而且已經積累了豐富的實踐經驗和成套的科研試驗成果，在水利樞紐的壩型選擇中具有很強的競爭力。就堆石壩而言，根據築壩方式和築壩材料的不同，也有多種壩型。
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