cta 中文意思是什麼

When the consumption of novel flavored food is followed by internal malaise, such as queasiness, diarrhea, bellyache and so on, animals will decrease or avoid ingesting the food with the same gustatory feature on the subsequent exposures. this type of behavioral change is referred to as conditioned taste aversion ( cta )

動物攝取某種具有新異味覺的食物后，如果導致惡心、嘔吐、腹瀉等內臟不適感覺，動物便可「記住」這種食物的特殊味覺特徵，減少或拒絕攝取相同味覺特徵的食物，這種行為變化過程稱為味覺厭惡學習（ cta ） 。

Cta is based on the gustatory learning and memory after association of the taste of food with the visceral signals of poisoning

Cta是以味覺學習和記憶為基礎的適應性行為，是動物避免重復攝取有毒食物的一種重要學習機制。

Injected group, 0. 1 % saccharin ( 1. 5 ~ 2ml / rat, in 5min ) intraoral infused group and cta group. the expression of endogenous leucin - enkephalin ( lek ) in the rat brain was observed and 5 parts of the thalamus including laterodorsal thalamic nucleus ( ld ), lateral part of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ( mdl ), ventroposterolateral thalamic nucleus ( vpl ), ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus ( vpm ) and reticular thalamic nucleus ( rt ) were comparatively researched before and after the acquisition of cta applying lek - immunocytochemistry. in behavioral experiment, 18 adult male sd rats were divided into normal cta group ( control ) and 2 naloxone i. p

為探討cta形成過程中enk的作用，本實驗用成年雄性sd大鼠35隻，分為空白對照組、生理鹽水（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 15mlicl溶液（ 2體重）腹腔注射組、 0 . 1糖精溶液口腔灌流組（ 1 . 5 - 2ml只， 5min ）和cta建立組，採用免疫細胞化學方法，觀察了亮腦啡肽（ lek ）陽性神經元在大鼠腦內的分佈情況，並比較了各組大鼠丘腦外側背核（ ld ） 、丘腦內側背核外側部（ mdl ） 、丘腦腹后外側核（ vpl ） 、丘腦腹后內側核（ vpm ）以及丘腦網狀核（ rt ）等5個腦區內lek表達水平的差異；另外將成年雄性sd大鼠18隻，分為正常cta建立組以及在cta建立前或cta建立后阿片受體拮抗劑納洛酮（ 2mg kg體重）腹腔注射組，對內源性阿片樣物質對于cta建立和保持的影響進行了行為學研究。

Cta cellulose triacetate

三乙酸纖維素

To develop an experimental paradigm for cta, a visceral malaise causing stimulus ( unconditioned stimulus, us ) such as intraperitoneal injection of licl is presented to the rat after its ingestion of the novel saccharin solution ( conditioned stimulus, cs ). then the rat decreases or avoids ingesting the saccharin solution

在實驗室內讓大鼠攝取其未經驗過的糖精溶液后，給以可引起內臟不適的刺激（如腹腔注射lic1溶液）可使大鼠建立cta ，減少或迴避對糖精溶液的攝取。

Whd partner ren haiyan with cta delegation to visit wipo

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Wan hui da is affiliated to inta, aippi, cta china trademark association, bta beijing trademark association, bba beijing bar association, acppa all - china patent agents association and intellectual property council of cips china intellectual property society

藉助這些專業人員，萬慧達還積極進行知識產權的理論研究工作。 2003年，萬慧達協助中華商標協會，編輯知識產權系列叢書中國商標報告，每半年出版一卷。

All the products have been issued the ccc certificate, china fire suppression products quality certificate, safe certificate by china electric equipment guangzhou electric safe checking station, cta quality certificate, international ce certificate etc. all the products are manufactured strictly according to the international iec standard and the state gb standard

公司在生產管理上不斷吸收國內外先進經驗，產品已通過gb t19001 ： 2000 - iso9001 ： 2000標準質量體系認證中國國家強制性產品認證3c中國消防產品質量認證中國電氣設備檢測所廣州電氣安全檢測站安全認證ce認證。

Most of the participants were either county or township veterinarians involved with livestock disease diagnosis and epidemic disease control. officers from gansu wb pmo local government, cta and lhesp participated in this activity

來自甘肅省安定臨洮靖遠景泰4個縣區的30多名從事基層獸醫疫病診斷和疫病防控工作的學員受到了培訓。

Cta condenser - transmitter amplifier

電容式話筒放大器

The agreement is also within the uncertainty when being compared with the alanine and cta film dosimeters made by jaeri. in addition, this dosimetry system is used to measure field and depth - dose distribution curves for 12mev electron beams, which shows it ' s suitability and practicability for electron beam irradiation

另外，還利用該劑量體系對12mev電子束輻照場的分佈及深度劑量分佈進行了實際測量，得到了與cta和fwt60等薄膜劑量計相一致的結果，這也進一步說明該劑量體系在電子束輻照上的適用性和實用性。

Shandong haoxin certified public accountants co., ltd. is a hlb international member in china, we have more than 90 professionals of cpa, cpv, cta, cia, and ec, in which there are 7 partners

山東浩信會計師事務所有限公司擁有注冊會計師、注冊資產評估師、注冊稅務師、國際內部審計師、工程造價師等90餘名專業人員，其中包括7名合伙人。

Cong hua fiscal charges consultation co. ltd which foumded by guangzhou jxc software co. ltd and guangzhou pokin star cta office, is a high - tech service corporation concentrating on accoutant business, keep business records and software management. i ' s the first company offering digetal fiscal charges and trusteeship operation. relying on the powerful technolog of jxc software and basing the professional fiscal charges business of pokin star cta office, guangzhou jxc accountant co. ltd offer professional fiscal charges business and imformation service to spacious medium - sized or pint - sized corporation

廣州市聰華財稅咨詢有限公司是由著名商標企業廣州市小聰軟體有限公司和廣東普金星華稅務師事務所（國稅注批字[ 2005 ] 89號）聯合支持組建，是一家專業從事會計記帳和軟體管理的高科技服務型企業，首家推出數字財稅及財稅託管業務，依託小聰軟體強大的技術實力和普金星華專業的財稅業務基礎，為廣大中小企業提供專業的會計記帳事務及信息化服務。

Besides, it was found that compared with cta +, the confined geometry improves the thermal stabilization of methylene chains about 20 in the case of the gallery height less than 9. 1 a and surfactant content less than 24. 7 wt %, while the onset temperature of degradation reduces about 25 at high gallery heights and surfactant loadings

較小的受限空間可提高烷基鏈降解溫度20 。隨著層間高度和插層物含量增大，起始降解溫度下降25 。有機蒙脫土的熱失重微分曲線呈多峰，與層間烷基鏈密度分佈呈多層堆積有關。

4. the numbers of lek - immunoreactive neurons in ld, mdl and vpm of cta group were remarkably fewer than those in saccharin intraoral infused of cta group were remarkably fewer than those in saccharin intraoral infused group. the numbers in ld, mdl, vpl and rt had no significant difference with those in licl i. p

4 、 cta組大鼠的、 mdl以及wm內陽性神經元數顯著少於糖精溶液口腔灌流組；而其ld 、 mdl 、丘腦腹后外側核（ vpl ）以及匠腦網狀核（ rt ） 「內lek免疫陽性神經元數與lici腹腔注射組相比均無顯著差異。

6. naloxone i. p. injected into rats before or after cta had no influence o

6 、無論cta建立6u還是cta建立后腹腔注射納洛酮的大鼠，均可獲得cta 。

The rats having acquired cta exhibited a series of aversive oral movements, after the saccharin solution is delivered directly into their mouths with an intraoral catheter, while the rats in the control group expressed a specific " hobby - like " behaviour after they ingested such a sweet tasted food. thus, there are evidently emotional responses in acquisition of cta

正常大鼠在攝取糖精等甜味物質時，表現出特有的「嗜好性」行為反應，但建立對糖精溶液的cta后的大鼠，經口腔插管強制性給以糖精溶液時，則表現出一系列「厭惡性」口腔運動反應，說明cta的形成伴有味嗜好性變化的情緒反應。

Injected group. 5. before the acquisition of cta, the rats reflected hedonically ingestive responsiveness to 0. 1 % saccharin solution ; after cta, exposed to the solution again, the rats usually manifested strong aversive responses

5 、在cta形成iij ，大鼠對糖精溶液表現出「嗜好性」反應； cta建立后，再次給以糖精溶液時則表現出強烈的「厭惡性」反應。

The cta system map and downtown sightseeing guide are available at all train stations, both airports, visitor information centers and hotels

Cta系統交通地圖和市中心觀光向導手冊在各列車站飛機場遊客信息服務中心和旅館均有索取。

1. based on organo - montmorillonites ( c16 - mmts ) obtained by the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium ion ( cta + ) intercalated into the galleries of na - montmorillonite ( mmt ), the conformation of the confined methylene chains in c16 - mmts were characterized by means of xrd, tga and ftir

利用x ?射線（ xrd ） 、熱失重分析（ tga ） 、傅立葉變換紅外吸收光譜（ ftir ）以及分子模擬（ md ）對十六烷基三甲基溴化銨（ c16 ）在mmt片層間的形態進行了表徵。