delivery of cargo 中文意思是什麼
delivery of cargo
解釋
貨物發送-
Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases
第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。 -
Forged documents such as invoices, cargo receipts were issued to purport the delivery of the textiles in each case
每宗個案均會有一些偽造文件如發票及收貨單，以證明貨品已運送。 -
In any situation whatsoever and wheresoever occurring and whether existing or anticipated before commencement of or during the voyage, which in the judgment of the carrier or the master is likely to give rise to risk of capture, seizure, detention, damage, delay or disadvantage to or loss of the ship or any part of her cargo, or to make it unsafe, imprudent, or unlawful for any reason to commence or proceed on or continue the voyage or to enter or discharge the goods at the port of discharge, or to give rise to delay or difficulty in arriving, discharging at or leaving the port of discharge or the usual or agreed place of discharge in such port, the carrier may before loading or before the commencement of the voyage, require the shipper or other person entitled thereto to take delivery of the goods at port of shipment and upon failure to do so, may warehouse the goods at the risk and expense of the goods ； or the carrier or the master, whether or not proceeding toward or entering or attempting to enter the port of discharge or reaching or attempting to reach the usual place of discharge therein or attempting to discharge the goods there, may discharge the goods into depot, lazaretto, craft, or other place ; or the ship may proceed or return, directly or indirectly, to or stop at any port or place whatsoever as the master or the carrier may consider safe or advisable under the circumstances, and discharge the goods, or any part thereof, at any such port or place ; or the carrier or the master may retain the cargo on board until the return trip or until such time as the carrier or the master thinks advisable and discharge the goods at any place whatsoever as herein provided ； or the carrier or the master may discharge and forward the goods by any means, rail, water, land, or air at the risk and expense of the goods
四、不論任何地方任何情況，不論是在開航前或航程中存在或預料到的，只要承運人或船長認為可能有導致捕獲、扣押、沒收、損害、延誤或對船舶或其貨物不利或產生滅失，或致使起航或續航或進港或在卸貨港卸貨不安全、不適當、或非法，或致使延誤或難于抵達、卸載或離開卸貨港或該港通常或約定的卸貨地，承運人可在裝貨或開航前要求發貨人或與貨物權利有關的其他人在裝貨港口提回貨物，如要求不果，可倉儲貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上；承運人或船長，不論是續航至或進入或企圖進入卸貨港，或抵達或企圖抵達港口通常的卸貨地，或企圖在此卸貨，也可將貨物卸在倉庫、檢疫站、駁船，或其他地方；船舶也可續航或回航，直接或間接地，抵達或停留在船長或承運人在此情況認為安全或適當的任何港口或地點，全部或部分將貨物卸在此港口或地點；承運人或船長也可將貨物留在船上，直到回航或直到承運人或船長認為適當時將貨物卸到本合同所規定的任何地方；承運人或船長也可卸貨並將貨物用任何交通工具，經鐵路、水路、陸路、或空運轉運貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上。 -
Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law
第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。 -
Generally speaking, it should be deemed as a sign of accepting the cont ract of carriage that the consignee claims against the carrier ( claiming to take delivery of cargo or claiming the damage / loss caused by the carrier )
一般情況下，應當將收貨人向承運人主張權利（要求提貨或者就貨物損壞、滅失或遲延交付行使索賠權）視為收貨人受讓運輸合同的標志。 -
This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。 -
Where the consignee is not known or refuses to take delivery of the cargo without cause, the carrier may place the cargo in escrow under article 101 hereof
第三百一十六條收貨人不明或者收貨人無正當理由拒絕受領貨物的，依照本法第一百零一條的規定，承運人可以提存貨物。 -
Chapter three is about legal liability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading
第四章重點論述關于無單放貨的法律責任承擔問題。 -
The main responsible persons in delivery of cargo without original bills of lading are carriers or their agents
主要論述無單放貨的責任主體主要是承運人與承運人的代理人。 -
Delivery of goods ( or cargo ) without presentation of the original bills of lading ( short for dgwb / l ) is defined as the actions that carrier, agent or the supervisor delivers goods without asking for the original b / l
無單放貨是指承運人或其代理人、貨物監管人沒有憑正本提單交付貨物的行為。 -
In chapter one writer try to analyze the concept of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the concept is " actions of the carrier, the agent or cargo ' s supervisor to deliver cargo without original bills of lading ", and this concept is in the same meaning in judicial practice of maritime court in china. chapter two legal character about delivery of cargo without original bills of lading is the theoretic basis of this paper
本文第一章從無單放貨的概念分析入手，無單放貨的含義從字面上理解應包括兩個方面， 「無單」即沒有正本提單， 「放貨」即指放行或交付貨物，故無單放貨定義應為「承運人或其代理人、貨物監管人沒有憑正本提單交付貨物的行為」 ，這一概念的概括擴展了其外延，與我國司法審判實踐中使用無單放貨這一概念實際情況相符合。 -
The supply and demand of international dry bulk cargo shipping market is affected by international dry bulk cargo shipping amount, freight rate, shipbuilding market, etc. because new order book and delivery of dry ship is too much, cause the transportation to be out - of - balance
2 、國際干散貨航運市場的運力供給主要受國際航運市場干散貨海運量、運價等的影響，並受造船市場、拆船市場等的影響。 -
The enhancement greatly increases the mobility of customs officers to carry out cargo verification or inspection inside air cargo terminals with remote access to the accs for checking cargo information and updating examination results. hence, the need for delivery of consignments to customs offices for examination can be minimized and smooth operation of the cargo terminals is facilitated. efficiency of customs clearance is also improved
透過這新增功能，海關人員可運用電子手帳的內置條碼閱讀器，掃描于貼在貨物上的電子條碼，便能即時查閱系統內的貨物資料及更新貨物查驗結果，這不但方便了貨物清關，亦有助提升工作效率。 -
The help of straight boat of prospective two sides to kaohsiung harbor is not to do not have, before " the ministry of communication " boat politics director, currently hold the post ofmarine university to teach wu ronggui to point out, because straight boat reduces shipment and delivery cost, of cargo of come - and - go of ok and exciting two sides grow, additional with fujian area for, slower port is built beyond xiamen, each countries ship business still carries as dump with kaohsiung harbor likely center, but expect very hard to have considerably grow, straight boat of prospective two sides, benefit is the greatest is aviation passenger transport, it is air - freight next, marine leakey already not quite
未來兩岸直航對于高雄港的幫助不是沒有，前「交通部」航政司長，現任海洋大學教授吳榮貴指出，因直航降低運送成本，可以刺激兩岸往來貨載的成長，另外以福建地區來說，廈門以外建設較緩慢的港口，各個國航商仍有可能以高雄港做為轉儲運中心，但是很難期待有大幅的成長，未來兩岸直航，效益最大的是航空客運，其次是航空貨運，海運的利基已經不大。 -
There is a tendency that international customs are used indiscriminately in judicial practice of delivery of cargo without b / l in china
在我國無單放貨的審判實踐中，存在對國際慣例適用泛化、工具化的傾向。 -
Delivery of cargo a ship
交貨交船 -
In recent years, the numbers of cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading goes up quickly
近幾年來，因無單放貨產生糾紛導致訴訟的案件呈增長趨勢。 -
Executive / supervisor arranges delivery of cargo from shore to vessel and vice versa. supervises the operation on board of vessel
裝卸主任安排岸上與船上貨物交收。監督船上的貨物艙載操作。 -
It is ok to estimate this month make out an invoice, the delivery of cargo from storage last month and sale i had been not done, it is better to be done together etc again
估計這個月就可以開票了，上個月的出庫和銷售我還沒有做，是不是再等等一起做比較好？ -
The problem of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has been with us for a long time. we all know the risk and severe consequence of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, but it is still necessary in shipping practice now
無單放貨，作為一個長期困擾航運與海事司法界的「老大難」問題，大家都知道其問題的嚴重性與高風險性，但在實務操作中又確有其必要性。
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