economics - interest rate 中文意思是什麼
economics - interest rate
解釋
利率-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
Eight distinguished speakers, including professor ronald mckinnon of stanford university, professor michael dooley of university of california, santa cruz, dr morris goldstein of institute for international economics, professor eisuke sakakibara of keio university, dr bijan aghevli of chase manhattan bank, mr glenn stevens of reserve bank of australia, dr ross mcleod of australian national university and mr scott roger of international monetary fund, gave their views on important regional and international issues, including movements in the yen exchange rate, the effectiveness and impact of capital controls in asian economies, and the evolution of the international financial architecture
我們很榮幸邀得位知名講者在研討會上發表意見，他們分別為史丹福大學的教授聖克魯斯加州大學的教授國際經濟學院的博士慶應義塾大學的原英資教授美國大通銀行的博士澳洲儲備銀行的先生澳洲國家大學博士及國際貨幣基金組織的先生。他們就多個重要的地區和國際性問題發表意見，包括日圓匯率走勢亞洲若干經濟體系實施資本管制的成效與影響以及國際金融架構的蛻變等。 -
In addition, on the base of the assumption of exchange rate incomplete pass - through, this paper expand the exchange rate overshooting model of dornbush ( 1976 ) and innovate the theory of price stickiness of new keynes economics, then analyze the exchange rate behavior in short term under the assumption of incomplete pass - through, beliving that the insensitiveness of the price of tradable goods strengthen the fluctuation of exchange rate behavior
另外，基於對匯率不完全傳遞的論證，本文後半部分以此為主要前提假設，通過對donbush （ 1976 ）匯率超調模型的拓展和對新凱恩斯主義經濟學中價格粘性理論的創新，用動態一般均衡模型推導出了在匯率不完全傳遞條件下的匯率短期行為路徑，認為貿易品價格對匯率波動的不敏感性會導致更加顯著的匯率超調行為。 -
Since china has been a member of wto, the external extent of economic will increase, and the pegged exchange rate will not adapt on the development of economics. so presently china should take some steps on exiting this pegged exchange rate regime
中國加入wto組織后，對外開放程度將會逐步提高，釘住制將越來越難以適應經濟的發展，因此，我國目前應當做好退出準備，逐步對現行匯率制度進行調整。 -
( 3 ) it proved that the factors such as technology, market, management, fund and policy environment make different impaction on the result of the valuation of the investment opportunity of hi - tech enterprise during different developmental phases. ( 4 ) the competition intensity, the time lag of investment and the riskless rate make great negative impaction on the option value of hi - tech enterprise. ( 5 ) the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties of the market supply and the market demand make impaction on the result of the valuation accord with the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties impact to price on economics
本文的主要研究成果如下： （ 1 ）投資機會價值在高新技術企業價值評估中佔有重要的地位； （ 2 ）在提出的投資機會價值評估模型的基礎上，結合實際，深入探討隨機跳躍頻率下的評估結論對投資決策的影響； （ 3 ）從定性和定量兩個角度系統地說明了技術、市場、管理、資金及政策對評估結論的影響程度是隨著企業發展階段的不同而不同； （ 4 ）證明了外部競爭強度、投資的時滯和無風險利率對企業的期權價值評估產生極大的負影響，即外部競爭強度越強、投資的時滯越長和無風險利率越大，企業的期權價值就越低，反之就越高； （ 5 ）市場需求和供給的分析結果與從經濟學上的供需對產品價格的影響結論是一致的。 -
If china ' s exchange - rate policy is a speedometer for the government ' s move toward market economics, that thinking appears to be picking up speed
如果中國的匯率政策可視為中國政府向市場經濟方向轉變的計速器，那麼這種轉變現在似乎正在加速。 -
" keynesian revolution " breaks through the classical economics idea of " money neuter " and " dichtomy ", which causes, in " monetary transmission mechanism " of keynes, intrest rate possesses complete flexibility whereas goods price and wage rate shows " sticky state " at least in short run
「凱恩斯革命」對古典經濟理論的「貨幣中性」與「兩分法」觀念進行了突破，這一突破使得凱恩斯「貨幣傳導機制」中的利率具有充分伸縮性，而物價、貨幣工資率卻至少在短期內呈「剛性」或「粘性」 （即不易伸縮性） 。 -
With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。 -
The most important factors affected crop yield and economics in these experiments were : rape : population density ; early rice : interaction of p k ; late rice : rate of nitrogen application ; wheat : variety ; midrice. interaction of n k
這些試驗中影響作物產量最重要的因素是：油菜：種植密度；早稻：磷鉀交互作用；晚稻：氮肥施用量；小麥：品種；中稻：氮鉀交互作用。 -
In the angle of economics, this paper firstly analyzes the present flow situation and main problems in existence of our military science and technology human resource, and then analyzes flow and equilibrium of supply and demand from three aspects of the quantity 、 structural and behavior ; systematically describes individual decision and unit decision of military science and technology human resource on the angle of cost and profit, reaches the conclusion that in the flowing process, we should strengthen individual ’ s autonomous right properly, establish “ the leading type of armed forces ” human resource disposition mechanism ; in succession this paper has not only put forward the basic standard of the reasonable flow of the military science and technology human resource ? the effectiveness of combat, but also explained it carefully from flow quantity, flow direction and structure, established optimum floating rate ; finally, having based on the conclusion, the paper puts forward four mechanisms ? fetching in person and brains, inner flow, encouragement restraint and reserving brains in outflow mechanisms that promote our military science and technology human resource to flow reasonably
本文立足經濟學的角度，在分析軍事科技人力資源流動現狀與存在問題的基礎上，從數量、結構、行為三方面分析了軍事科技人力資源流動中的供求均衡;從成本收益角度系統描述了軍事科技人力資源的個人決策和單位決策，得出了在我軍科技人力資源的流動過程中應該適當加強個人的流動自主權，建立「軍隊導向型」人力資源配置機制的結論;接著本文不僅提出了軍事科技人力資源合理流動的根本標準?戰鬥力效用，而且從流量、流向和結構上進行了細化，確立了最優的流動率;最後，本文提出了促進我軍科技人力資源合理流動的四大機制:引人引智機制、內部流動機制、激勵約束機制和淘汰退出機制。 -
An economics analysis of the performance rate of contract farming
訂單農業履約率問題的經濟學分析 -
By analysing the asymmetric flexibility, we know, it is important that intrest rate is monetary price essentially and decided by supply and demand in monetary market ; goods price and wage rate is only the part or price group ; it is available that " complete flexibility " of intrest rate is applied as one " endogenous " explanation to the " sticky state " of goods price and wage rate. above - mentioned conclusions bring forth not only explanation on the peculiarity of keynesian economics theory and application, but also the related revelation to the process of monetary and financial policies of our county in its applicable scope
具體分析這種不對稱的伸縮性可知：利率本身及其受「貨幣市場供求」決定很重要；物價（及貨幣工資率）只是價格集合的一個組成部分而已；可用利率的「充分伸縮性」作為物價、貨幣工資率至少在短期呈「剛性」或「粘性」 （即不易伸縮性）的一個「內生性」解釋。上述結論在其適用范圍內既說明了凱恩斯經濟理論及其運用具有特殊性，又對我國當前的貨幣、財政政策制定與實施有重要的相關啟示。 -
Moreover, some of them become the baffling problems, such as the state - owned asset management system, the defining of property rights, the clearing of the relation between government and enterprise, the problem that the enterprise does things done by society, the high liability rate of soe etc. based on the relevant theory of institution economics, this paper mainly adopts the method of empirical analysis and comparative analysis to analyze these difficult problems
如國有資產的管理機制、產權的界定、政企關系的明確、企業辦社會的問題、國有企業的高負債率等，這些問題中所貫穿的一個根本問題，是如何處理政府與企業關系。本文主要利用制度經濟學的有關理論，採用實證分析方法和比較分析方法，分析我國國有企業改革過程中的這個難題。 -
On rmb ' s exchange rate in the context of new institutional economics
基於新制度經濟學的人民幣匯率制度解析 -
As continuous overvaluation will lead to currency crisis, if misalignment lasts too long time or the frequency is too high, it ' ll impact the economic growth of a country. equilibrium exchange rate now gets much more important in economics and economic policies
鑒于匯率的持續高估會導致貨幣危機，而且匯率失調的時間過長或匯率失調頻繁出現也會在中長期影響一國的經濟增長，均衡匯率在當今的經濟學和經濟政策中的影響越來越大。 -
With regard to the asian - pacific regional monetary cooperation, the author emphasizes the future of cooperation might head towards exchange - rate union according to the neo - institutional economics, and therefore, puts forward two innovative concepts : the sub - regional compact exchange - rate union ( srceru ) and the sub - regional networks exchange - rate union ( srneru )
對于亞太地區的區域貨幣合作，本文認為從制度變遷的合理性來看，未來的發展方向可能是次區域匯率同盟，並提出了緊密型次區域匯率同盟和網路型次區域匯率同盟的概念。 -
Using the data from the 1988 and 1995 household income survey conducted by the institute of economics, chinese academy of social sciences, this paper analyzes the determinants of educational attainment in rural china and addresses this issue from the perspective of educational poverty, low enrollment rate, the effects of education of parents, and interregional inequality in educational attainment
本文利用中國社會科學院經濟研究所收入分配課題組1988年和1995年調查數據，從家庭特徵和個人特徵等方面分析了中國農村居民教育水平的決定因素，並對農村居民的教育貧困化、低就學率、父母教育水平的作用以及農村居民教育水平的區域性差異等方面進行了探討。 -
Then i contrasted these factors, such as concentration to scale economics, concentration to rate of profit and so on
再對各要素之間的相關性進行分析，如集中度與規模經濟、集中度與利潤率等，得出相關性的結論。 -
A problem that disputes over a long period of time in the economics be : does fix rate of exchange surpass floating rate of exchange
經濟學中長期爭論的一個問題是：固定匯率是否優于浮動匯率？ -
A problem with long - term controversy in economics is : whether fixed exchange rate is better than floating exchange rate
經濟學中長期爭論的一個問題是：固定匯率是否優于浮動匯率？
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