encoding variability 中文意思是什麼
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Review had been done on some encoding modes that affected the effective learning, which included intra - example features, such as the integration of diagrams and text, integration of aural and visual information and the integration of steps and subgoals, and inter - example features, such as multiple examples, variability of example and example - problem pairs ; ( 3 ) research on interaction between learner and the worked example suggested that self - explanations are an important learning activity during the study of worked examples, which were the dual processes of generating inferences and repairing mental models
關于樣例的外部表徵特徵與學習的基本關系主要是從樣例內特徵、樣例間特徵兩個方面進行了分析，前者主要討論了樣例文本和圖解的整合、視聽信息的整合和步驟2樣例解題步驟的編碼對原理學習和遷移的影響目標結構整合在樣例學習中的重要性；後者主要分析了多重樣例、樣例的變異性、樣例問題的配對等對學習遷移的影響。 -
53 hypothetical reference decoder ( hrd ) : a hypothetical decoder model that specifies constraints on the variability of conforming nal unit streams or conforming byte streams that an encoding process may produce
假定參考解碼器（ hrd ） ：檢驗編碼器產生的符合該標準的nal單元流或位元組流的偏差值。
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