established by law 中文意思是什麼

established by law 解釋
依法設立的
  • established : adj. 1. 被設立的；確定的；被制定的；被認定了的；既定的。2. 國定的。3. 【植物；植物學】移植生長的。
  • by : adv 1 在側，在旁，在附近。2 （擱）在一邊，（放）到旁邊，（存）在一旁；收著。3 （由旁邊）經過，過...
  • law : n 勞〈姓氏〉。n 1 法律，法令；法典。2 法學；訴訟；司法界；律師（界），律師職務。3 （事物或科學的...
  1. The origin of separation system can be traced back to ancient rome and the position of it was established by canon law in the age of medieval europe. the separation system was thereafter gradually developed and improved by legislators and jurists in all the countries

    別居制度源於古羅馬，中世紀歐洲的寺院法確立了別居制度在離婚制度中的地位，世界各國的立法者、法學家不斷將其發展和完善。
  2. The law solves the problem by enlarging the legal protection of the rights. as to the limitations and exceptions, the treaties and laws comply with the principle of " three - step - test ", which was established by berne convention

    法律解決這個矛盾的辦法是擴張鄰接權人的權利，對權利的限制則遵循《伯爾尼公約》確立的「三步檢驗」的舊例。
  3. The paper refer to the two oil pollution compensation regimes, one is established by the 1969 international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage and the 1971 international convention on the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, another is established by the oil pollution act of 1990 of america, combine with the oil pollution compensation cases in recent years, introduce the present situation of oil pollution compensation in our country, discuss several problems in practice of oil pollution compensation, such as the scope of oil pollution compensation, the claimant of oil pollution compensation, the responsible party and liability of oil pollution compensation, the evidence of oil pollution damage case, the limits on liability of oil pollution compensation, present that our country would draft the oil pollution compensation law according to the principles of the oil pollution act of 1990 of america and establish the complete oil pollution compensation regime, which the responsible party and the user of oil joint compensa te the oil pollution damage, expect to completely settle the problems of oil pollution compensation

    本文比較《 69民事責任公約》 、 《 71基金公約》及其議定書和美國《 1990年油污法》建立的兩套油污損害賠償的法律制度，結合近年來油污損害賠償的案例，介紹了我國油污損害賠償的現狀，並就油污染損害賠償實踐中的油污損害賠償范圍、油污損害賠償的索賠主體、油污損害賠償主體和責任、油污損害案件的證據問題、油污損害賠償的責任限制幾個具體法律問題展開討論，提出我國可以重點參照美國《 1990年油污法》制定專門的《油污損害賠償法》 ，建立由污染責任人和油類受益人共同賠償的完整油污損害賠償制度，以期徹底解決油污損害賠償的問題。
  4. The system of compensation for damage in divorce is a new emendation for divorce that is established by the current revised marriage law in china. divorce due to the domestic violence, bigamy, cohabitate outside marriage, maltreat and abandon family members will lead to economy and spirit damage to the aggrieved party. in fact, the physical and mental injury of the aggrieved party exceed the property loss that can be accounted

    離婚損害賠償制度是婚姻法修訂時新增設的離婚救濟制度，因家庭暴力、重婚、同居、虐待和遺棄而導致的離婚會給受害方配偶帶來財產及精神上的損害，但是實際生活中，當事人因上述行為而遭受的身心痛苦遠遠超過了可以計算的財物損失。
  5. As one of the substantial principles of legality in the contemporary law of obligation, the principle of change of circumstances adapts law to the variety of the social economy, coordinates the conflict of interests among parties and maintains the regular order of the economic circulation, therefore, this principle has been confirmed in the judicial precedents doctrines and legislation in most countries ruled by law. the principle of change of circumstances is inevitable in reality, though it has not been established in our current contract law

    情事變更原則是當代債法最重要的法律原則之一，它使法律能夠適應社會經濟情況的變化，更好地協調當事人之間的利益沖突，維護了經濟流轉的正常秩序，因此已經被大多數先進法治國家的判例、學說與立法所確認。我國新《合同法》雖最終沒有確立情事變更原則，但是情事變更在現實生活中卻是難以避免的。
  6. As a national system of judicial certification and associate judicial act, the legal status and effectiveness of notarization has been established by the current civil procedure law and interim notarization regulation

    我國現行《民事訴訟法》 、 《公證暫行條例》等法律確認了公證的法律地位和法律效力。
  7. The eez has been established by the 1982 united nations convention on the law of the sea, the 1982 un convention has also stipulated that the coastal states have the stipulated sovereign rights and jurisdictions in 200 nautical miles eez

    摘要1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》確立了專屬經濟區制度，規定了沿海國對200海里專屬經濟區享有公約規定的主權權利和管轄權。
  8. One of historical materialism, social modes theory was established by marx and engels firstly putting it on the base of social structure ' s research. it aims to open out the inherent and certain relations of history development by analyzing the conflict of social elements, and at last it can draw a general law of society

    唯物史觀社會形態理論是馬克思在研究社會結構理論的基礎上形成的，它旨在通過對社會結構各個要素之間矛盾運動的剖析，來揭示人類社會歷史縱向發展過程內在的、本質的、必然的聯系，從而指出社會形態演（ ? ）最一般的規律。
  9. In fact, the impressionism is a lot more a state of the mind than a technique ; thus artists other than painters have also been qualified of impressionists. many of these painters ignore the law of simultaneous contrast as established by chevreul in 1823

    一、印象主義印象主義（ impressionl9n ）在19世紀60一70年代以創新的姿態登上法國畫壇，其鋒芒是反對陳陳相因的古典畫派和沉緬在中世紀騎士文學而陷入矯揉造作的浪漫主義。
  10. The relationship established by the contract can not only secure the copyright business, but also reduce the disputes. thus, the copyright law, aiming to maintain the interest of the copyright owner, stipulates definitely that the licensee shall conclude a license contract with the copyright owner to use his works, with the exception of the press publishing the works of others. how to solve copyright disputes

    但是，過于輕易地以獨立權利要求中的某一技術特徵是非必要技術特徵或者多餘指定為理由而予以忽略，其結果即不利於不斷提高專利申請的撰寫水平，提高我國專利制度的水準，同時也使得專利權保護范圍的確定變得過于靈活，關鍵的問題在於制定出一種可行的標準。
  11. In order to safeguard the unerring party ' s legitimate right and punish and take precautions against illegal activities, the system of divorce compensation has been established by the new marriage law in 2001. bigamy shall be prohibited

    離婚損害賠償制度的設立，是2001年修改婚姻法取得的重要成果之一，與離婚經濟幫助和家務勞動補償制度共同構成我國較為完善的離婚救濟制度。
  12. The fact that hong kong is a leading international financial centre, a top trading economy of the world and an established common law jurisdiction in which both external investors and the local community have confidence is the best proof that these values continue to work, " he said. the spokesman was speaking in response to remarks by legislator audrey eu in rthk s " letter to hong kong "

    今天的香港既是一個具領導地位的國際金融中心，是世界上其中一個最大的貿易經濟體系，也是一個奉行普通法多年的司法區；外來投資者與本港社會同樣對香港充滿信心這就是以上核心價值繼續發揮效力的最佳證明。
  13. Although a trust can be a verbal agreement and implied by law, i. e., your words and actions are legally acknowledged by previous, similar precedents, it is far more common for a trust to be established by way of a written document called either a deed of trust or declaration of trust

    因此，銀行收到的是來自於受託方對于其違約情況下賠償能力的擔保（通過變賣部分房地產） ，而不是將計畫開發區域中的一塊地皮作為擔保。在工程項目進行中，由於土地價值的浮動，每塊地皮價格是可變的。
  14. It is a fund established by law for specific purposes, generally referred to as the maintenance of monetary and financial stability

    第一，雖然外匯基金會投資于不同資產，但外匯基金並非一般投資基金。外匯基金的法定用途是維持貨幣與金融穩定。
  15. Auto buying installments insurance has components of general property insurance policies, comparing with guarantee, it is different in right, obligation and implementation, counterargument etc, " guarantee law " is not applicable to this insurance ; auto buying installment insurance and auto sales contract has no master - slave feature, mutually separated, can not be incorporated for inquisition ; the insurance agreement established by insurance policy parties and filed insurance clauses are supplemented mutually, the agreement will prevail in case of any conflict ; the agreements such as " reserve auto ownership ", " set auto hypothec " in installments auto sales contract are the effective instruments of insurer to control risk, determine the paying scope of insured, is the foundation of the insurance policy, the insurer will be entitled to use it as the reason for exemption and subtraction of responsibilities

    其次，介紹和分析了分期付款購車保險合同的內容，包括保險合同當事人、保險標的和保險利益、除外責任、保險期限、保險金額和保險費、賠償處理、被保險人義務、爭議的處理等，並一一作了評析。再次，探討了保險合同的解除問題。著重分析保險人解除權的條件、行使期限、行使方法和效果，解除權的阻卻，探討了保險合同解除的溯及既往效力。
  16. In the 1970s, a new theory, pure sociology of law, which was established by donald black, followed the example of physical science and tried to construct a widely applicable paradigm in the words and ways of geometry

    二十世紀七十年代，布萊克所創建的純粹法社會學理論追隨自然科學的榜樣，試圖用幾何學的話語和方法構建一種能夠預測和解釋法律行為並能廣泛適用的研究範式。
  17. Institutions of government are established by law or precedent

    行政制度是依據法律興慣例制定的。
  18. Prohibition of child labor manufacturers of sewn products will not hire any employee under the age of 14, or under the age interfering with compulsory schooling, or under the minimum age established by law, whichever is greater

    禁止聘用童工縫制產品製造商不得僱用任何未滿14歲或未滿接受強制教育最高年齡，或法令規定最低勞動年齡的僱工，而以上述各項其中最高的年齡為準
  19. The basic view is that the limited liability of shareholders is not based on the legal logic and it is established by law for the reason of economic rationalism. limited liability of shareholders is not the offspring of juridical person system but a legal system based on the economic rationalism

    基本思路是說明股東有限責任制度不是法律邏輯的產物，法律確立該制度主要是基於經濟理性的考慮;股東有限責任制度並非法人制度的產物，而是基於經濟理性的法律選擇。
  20. Because a defendant is not liable, no matter how reckless his conduct, unless he owes a duty to the plaintiff. according to the accepted definition of restatement second of tort, negligence is conduct, which falls below the standard established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm

    美國第二次侵權法重述給過失侵權下的定義是：過失侵權是指一個人沒有在法律所規定的，以保護其他人免受不合理的傷害危險的法律義務范圍內行為。
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