etm 中文意思是什麼

In this paper, based on land use maps of 1976, 1988, 2003, which were interpreted from the landsat mss / tm / etm imageries, and the map of main road, with the buffer analysis tool in arcgis 8, we studied the land use and land cover change on the two sides of the main roads in xishuangbanna, then we studied the impact of population density and the topographic factor on road effects. during the study both the comprehensive land use dynamic degree model and the land use degree comprehensive index model are taken into account, we put forward a compensatory model ? “ amendatory comprehensive land use dynamic degree model ”

由於人類活動干擾強度加大，公路效應深度不斷擴展， 1976年為5km ， 1988年為7km ， 2003年達到11km ;受自然、社會條件的影響，不同路段的公路效應存在較大差異，甚至同一路段兩側效應也各不相同。 1976年至2003年，距公路不同距離范圍內的人口密度都在增加，且距離公路越近，人口數量密度越大、增長越快，人口分布有向公路兩側聚集的趨勢。選取人口密度為大、中、小三個樣區分別分析公路效應的范圍表明，人口密度

The remote sensing quantitative retrieval model for the appraisable factors of desertification monitoring are founded. in naiman country, inner mongolia, the experimental area, the hyperspectral imaging spectrometer data in plant growth seasons are collected by state - produced airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometer omis - i, and the etm + image is also obtained. meanwhile, ground investigation and measurement are made, which include the measurement on reflection feature of different kinds of geo - targets and the ground investigation data necessary for spectral rebuilding and retrieval models of the appraisable factors of desertification monitoring

本研究以內蒙古奈曼旗作為研究試驗區，採用我國自行研製的機載高光譜成像光譜儀omis - ，在植被生長季節取得高光譜解析度成像光譜儀數據和etm ~ +圖像，並進行了同步的地面調查及量測，包括不同類型地物反射特性量測和光譜重建以及荒漠化監測評價因子定量反演模型所必需的地面樣方調查數據。

Thermal landscape analysis of urban heat island based on tm etm

的城市熱島景觀分析

Dynamics of urban expansion in xi ' an city using landsat tm etm data

西安城市擴張及其驅動力分析

Application of etm spot 5 syncretized satellite image to soil and water loss survey of mining area

5融合衛星影像在礦區水土流失調查中的應用

Based on wavelet packet decomposition （ wpd ）, entropy threshold method （ etm ） has been put forward to reject the discrete spectrum interference （ dsi ） in on - line pd monitoring

首次提出用於抑制局部放電在線監測中周期性窄帶干擾的小波包變換熵閾值法（ etm ） 。

With the frequency division of wpd, etm uses shannon entropy as the criterion of determining whether or not dsi exist in certain wpd tree nodes and interference are suppressed successfully. lots of simulation data, lab data and on - site data have indicated that etm works with good efficiency, without pre - knowing of dsi information, extracts the phase of pd pulses accurately and can calibrate quantity of single type discharge

大量的模擬數據、實驗室實測數據以及現場實測數據處理結果表明，小波包變換熵閾值法抑制干擾能力強，無需事先確定干擾的分佈，能夠準確檢測局部放電信號的相位信息，對于單一的放電類型，可以確定放電量的大小。

In this research, model of groundwater level distribution using remote sensing ( arglutm ) was established using landsat - 7 etm + image, by dint of practical work and field examination data

二是應用visualbasic將rs與gis結合起來，提出一種可以有效提高rs數據製作地下水埋深專題圖精度的方法。

After analysis of tm / etm + data ' s advantage over the forest change detection, tasseled cap transformation, principal component analysis and normalized difference vegetation index were chosen to enhance the vegetation spectral information. expert classification system was adopted to extract the main tree species in the littoral shelter forest

在分析etm +數據在森林資源監測中的優勢的基礎上，通過纓帽變換、主成分分析和植被指數法增強植被光譜信息，結合專家分類系統對沿海防護林主要樹種進行提取。

The study indicates that digital photographic aerial photo, ikonos ( panchromatic and multi - spectral ), spots ( panchromatic and multi - spectral ) and the emerging map of spot4 ( panchromatic ) and etm can all be used in the forest management inventory, whereas etm ( including tm ) or the emerging map of etm and spot4 ( panchromatic ) can be used to investigate forest resources and draw maps in the mountain area of better forest aspect, when the first three remote - sensing sources can be used in the investigation of urban resources and the demand on detailed investigation is higher or the map - drawing of 10, 000 ratio scale

研究表明：數字航空像片、 ikonos （全色和多光譜） 、 spot5 （全色和多光譜） 、 spot4 （全色）與etm的融合圖都可以應用於森林資源二類清查，而前三種遙感信息源也適用於城市資源調查以及要求調查詳細程度更高或1 ： 1萬比例尺的制圖，在林相較好的山區，可應用etm （包括tm ）或etm與spot4 （全色）的融合圖進行森林資源調查與制圖。

Based on 1986 tm and 2000 etm data, the land use and landscape pattern change in the source region of the yangtze river was studied with geographical information system ( gis ) and the analytic method of landscape ecological spatial patterns in both spatial and temporal aspects in this paper

摘要長江源區是我國重要的水源涵養區，也是高海拔地區生物多樣性最集中的地區和生態變化最為敏感的地區。

According to wideband mission data protocol, the paper finishs such work as identifying synchronization codes, inverting pseudo randomizer, unwrapping data packages. then, according to etm + mission data formats, imaging data and parameters used in calibration are extracted, and inputed into files

根據其寬波段任務數據協議和etm +任務數據格式，論文工作完成了數據的解同步、解擾、解包等步驟，並提取得到圖像數據和用於輻射及幾何校正的參數，最終輸入到相應文件中，生成零級產品。

In this paper, integrating with gis, gps technology and groud survey data, multi - source remote sensing data, including multispectral tm / etm + data, high spatial resolution spot 5 pan data and sar data were used to monitor the forest change in zhangpu county

本文利用常規的多光譜數據tm etm +數據、高空間解析度spot5全色波段數據和合成孔徑雷達數據，結合gis 、 gps技術和森林資源地面調查技術，對漳浦縣森林資源展開遙感動態變化監測。

The experimental area is selected in badaling region of beijing with the destruction of forest aspect and complex topography. for this reason, the following multi - remote - sensing information sources are selected : etm ( including tm ), spot4 ( panchromatic ), spots ( panchromatic and multi spectral ), ikonos ( panchromatic and multi - spectral ) and digital aerial photographs

實驗區選擇在林相破碎、地形復雜的北京八達嶺地區，為此選擇了etm （包括tm ） 、 spot4 （全色） 、 spot5 （全色和多光譜） 、 ikonos （全色和多光譜） 、數字航空像片等多遙感信息源。

Three satellite images, i. e. two from tm or etm and one from spot scenes, were used. land use change areas were determined using the two change detection techniques of post - classification comparison and spectrum comparison

按土地利用數據變化的監測、更新、分析與管理的技術路線，對長樂市1998 2000年的土地利用變化應用研究。

At last, the paper interprets the geological background of the forming of landslides, and reveals the landform, stratum, lithology and geologic structure based on the etm + image. and also, the paper interprets the location and distribution of the specific disaster bodies based on the quickbird image. through the analysis of the extracted information, the paper considers : the geologic structure of fengjie county is complex, and lithology is crashed ; the terrane in the canyon segment is fairly stable ; the terrane in some segments of the southern bank will be less stable after the water is stored, because the rock is in the same direction and is apt to slip with human project

最後在etm +圖像上對滑坡發育的地質背景進行解譯，提取了地形、地層巖性、地質構造等信息，在quickbird影像上詳細地圈定了滑坡災害體的實體位置及發育范圍，通過對所提取信息進行分析，本文認為，奉節縣地質構造復雜，巖性破碎；峽谷段巖層穩定性較好；南岸部分地段為順向巖層分佈區，人類工程活動容易誘發順層滑坡，蓄水后庫岸整體穩定性下降。

Investigation using remote sensing ( rs ) technology can breakthrough the limits of traditional methods, make full use of its capability of integration, visualization, rapidity and vast - dimensions analysis, and get better results the paper takes the up - to - date landsat - 7 etm + data, which is the most widely used, and quickbird data, which has the highest resolution nowadays, and according the features of the data and landslides, processes the quickbird data with 1 : 10 000 dem orthophoto correction and the landsat - 7 etm + data as follows : ( 1 ) selecting optimal spectrum band : selects 753 bands as the optimal bands ; ( 2 ) image intensifying : selects the principle components processing method on the basis of comparing several image intensifying methods ; ( 3 ) rigour geometric direction : corrects the geometric distortion of the map ; ( 4 ) image fusion : mainly takes his space transform fusion and resolution fusion method, and acquires maps with higher spectrum resolution as well as space resolution. after that, the visual effect of the image has been enhanced, and the interpretation precision

採用遙感技術，可以突破傳統調查方法的限制，發揮其宏觀、綜合、直觀、快速的特點，取得更好的效果。論文選取目前應用最廣的陸地衛星最新系列landsat - 7etm +數據和空間解析度最高的商業衛星quickbird數據作為主要的數據源，根據數據的特點及滑坡災害應用特徵，對quickbird遙感數據則基於1 ： 10000dem進行了正射校正，對etm +遙感數據進行了波段優選，選取了753作為最佳組合波段；圖像增強，通過各種增強處理方法的效果對比，選擇主成分分析法對圖像進行增強；幾何精校正，糾正圖像的幾何變形；影像融合，主要選取了效果較好的his空間變換融合和解析度融合，得到的圖像既具有較高的光譜解析度，同時也具有較高的空間解析度。經過上述數字處理，較好地改善了圖像的視覺效果，提高了圖像解譯的精度。

With the strengthening human ’ s impact to the nature ， the earth land surface 1s exderiencing profound change land use land cover change has become one of the most important study areas of global changes urbanization and industrialization are major types of land use change in china today ， which will certainly have a deep effect on the land use structure and food safety in this paper ， multi phases satellite image including corona ， tm ， etm + data which redresent the information of yixing of 1 966 ， 1 984 ， 1 992 and 200 1 ， respectively were dealt with multi - bands composition ， precise rectification ， interpretatlon ma ‘ k establishment ， computer assistant visual interpretation by the methord of multi 。 phase - sequence comparison and integrated technology of rs and gis vetor maps of land use of 1 984 ， 1 992 and 200 1 are attained by interpreting images above. by the data above and the image of corona of 1 966 ， vector maps of expanding towns ot yixing city from 1 966 to 2001 are acquired

城市化、工業化已經成為當前我國土地利用變化主要表現形式，它必將對我國的土地利用結構和糧食安全產生深遠的影響。本文藉助遙感和gis技術，採用多時期連續對比法對fm ， etm + pan等多源衛星遙感影像進行土地利用人機交互解譯，獲得了高精度的宜興市1984 、 1992 、 2001年三個時期l ： 5萬土地利用圖。利用以上各時期的土地利用數據庫並結合1966年corona衛星影像資料建立了1966 、 1984 、 1992和2001年四個時期的城鎮建設用地數據庫。

According to the method classification test is done with etm data, and the accuracy is compared with the one of maximum likelihood classifier

結果表明，利用基於支持向量機的方法進行遙感圖像分類，精度明顯優于最大似然法分類的精度。

The degradation evolution route of the grassland ecosystem in xilin river basin was analyzed utilizing gis techniques from the view of the point of land use / land cover classification of multi - temporal landsat tm / etm + images

從遙感影像的分類結果入手，用gis方法分析了錫林河流域草地系統的退化演化路徑。